Development of an in-kiln monitoring system based on acoustic emission rates of wood during the low-temperature drying process

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Reynold Shelstrom
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Low Temperature Drying

scholarly journals Effects of Low-Temperature Drying with Intermittent Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide Treatment on Texture and Shelf-Life of Rice Cakes

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Timilehin Martins Oyinloye ◽  
Won Byong Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Rice Cake ◽  
Low Temperature Drying

We investigated the effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) under low temperature drying to suppress rice cake stickiness during the cutting process by initiating the onset of retrogradation until the stickiness is minimized for shelf-life extension. The intermittent ClO2 application at low-temperature drying was conducted at 10 °C for different drying periods (0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h). Texture analysis showed significant differences with increasing values of hardness (901.39 ± 53.87 to 12,653 ± 1689.35 g) and reduced values of modified adhesiveness (3614.37 ±578.23 to 534.81 ± 89.37 g). The evaluation of rice cake stickiness during the cutting process revealed an optimum drying period of 18 h with no significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the 24 h drying process. Microbial contamination during the drying process increased, with microbial load from 6.39 ± 0.37 to 7.94 ± 0.29 CFU/g. Intermittent ClO2 application at 22 ppm successfully reduced the microbial load by 63% during drying process. The inhibitory property of ClO2 was further analyzed on a sample with high initial microbial load (3.01 ± 0.14 CFU/g) using primary and modified secondary growth models fitted to all experimental storage temperatures (5–25 °C) with R2 values > 0.99. The model demonstrated a strong inhibition by ClO2 with microbial growth not exceeding the accepted population threshold (106 CFU/g) for toxin production. The shelf-life of rice cake was increased by 86 h and 432 h at room temperature (25 °C) and 5 °C respectively. Microbial inactivation via ClO2 treatment is a novel method for improved food storage without additional thermal sterilization or the use of an additional processing unit.

scholarly journals Coupling electro-dewatering and low-temperature air-drying for efficient dewatering of sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Lv ◽  
Qiao Xiong ◽  
Daoguang Liu ◽  
Xu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Modeling ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Front End ◽  
Sludge Cake ◽  
Low Temperature Drying

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of electro-dewatering on subsequent low-temperature drying at various potentials and the characteristics of low-temperature air-drying sludge were explored through experiments and multi-physical modeling. Experimental results showed that the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) content in the sludge was reduced during electro-dewatering process, even the species of organic matter was changed, as well as the dewatered cake tend to form many seepage channels, crack and a certain number of holes. These changes in the properties and structure were conducive to the subsequent low-temperature drying process. For air-drying process, the mass of the sludge cake variation was simulated and results were consistent with the experimental phenomenon. Firstly, the weight of the sludge cake was decreased approximately linearly with time, then tended to stable and reached the dewatering limitation finally. The applied higher electric field intensity (25 V cm−1) in the front-end electro-dewatering were conducive to promote water vapor diffusion activity in air-drying stage. Energy consumption and yield analysis results indicated that the combined technology has lower energy consumption and higher yield than that of directly low-temperature drying.

scholarly journals The Effect of Drying Temperature on Nitrogen Loss and Pathogen Removal in Laying Hen Manure

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Xuanyang Li ◽  
Baoming Li ◽  
Qin Tong
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
N Content ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature Drying

Exhaust air from the poultry houses or ambient hot air are normally utilized to dry the laying hen manure extensively in the summer in China. The drying process can not only reduce the moisture of lay hen manure but can also have a degerming effect. However, the ammonia emission is considered as one of the major issues of laying hen manure drying and air pollution scouse. Then, it is not clear that whether the ammonia emission increased using the hot ambient air to dry laying hen manure in summer and whether increasing the temperature can inactivate more bacteria during low temperature drying process. Therefore, the main works of this study were to investigate the evolution of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) content, organic nitrogen (Org-N) content, and total bacteria count vs. time during the low-temperature drying process of laying hen manure at different drying temperatures. The results showed that increasing drying temperature can reduce the energy consumption of the manure drying system, but can increase the loss of NH4-N. The Org-N content among the three drying temperatures within same drying time was not significantly different (p > 0.05), which suggested that increasing the temperature did not accelerate the degradation of Org-N during low-temperature drying process. Low-temperature drying had weak destruction of bacteria in laying hen manure and the end dried manure still had a great number of bacteria.

scholarly journals New Ultrasonic Controller and Characterization System for Low Temperature Drying Process Intensification

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 833-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Andrés ◽  
A. Blanco ◽  
V.M. Acosta ◽  
E. Riera ◽  
I. Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Low Temperature Drying

scholarly journals Analysis of Acoustic Emission (AE) Signals for Quality Monitoring of Laser Lap Microwelding

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7045
Author(s):  
Ming-Chyuan Lu ◽  
Shean-Juinn Chiou ◽  
Bo-Si Kuo ◽  
Ming-Zong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Welding Quality ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Signal Features ◽  
Ae Signal ◽  
Laser Microwelding ◽  
Ae Signals

In this study, the correlation between welding quality and features of acoustic emission (AE) signals collected during laser microwelding of stainless-steel sheets was analyzed. The performance of selected AE features for detecting low joint bonding strength was tested using a developed monitoring system. To obtain the AE signal for analysis and develop the monitoring system, lap welding experiments were conducted on a laser microwelding platform with an attached AE sensor. A gap between the two layers of stainless-steel sheets was simulated using clamp force, a pressing bar, and a thin piece of paper. After the collection of raw signals from the AE sensor, the correlations of welding quality with the time and frequency domain features of the AE signals were analyzed by segmenting the signals into ten 1 ms intervals. After selection of appropriate AE signal features based on a scatter index, a hidden Markov model (HMM) classifier was employed to evaluate the performance of the selected features. Three AE signal features, namely the root mean square (RMS) of the AE signal, gradient of the first 1 ms of AE signals, and 300 kHz frequency feature, were closely related to the quality variation caused by the gap between the two layers of stainless-steel sheets. Classification accuracy of 100% was obtained using the HMM classifier with the gradient of the signal from the first 1 ms interval and with the combination of the 300 kHz frequency domain signal and the RMS of the signal from the first 1 ms interval.

Potential for Aflatoxin Development in Low Temperature Drying Systems

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1439-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Ross ◽  
O. J. Loewer ◽  
G. M. White
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature Drying
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