scholarly journals Anomalous Cognition in the Context of Time:
 Does the Viewer Describe a Probabilistic Future?

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-569
Author(s):  
Maximilian Müller
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Binary Outcomes ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Hit Rates ◽  
Future Condition ◽  
Remote Viewing

In this process-oriented study, we examined the influence of the time dimension on Psi effects in two experimental conditions (present vs. future). For data collection, selected viewers with experience in the remote viewing method gathered information about targets that were distant in space (the present) and time (the future). The present condition was composed of binary truth statements consisting of two possible options related to current world knowledge. The future condition consisted of two options that were not yet determined at the time of viewing, but depended on the outcome of future mixed martial arts fights. According to the associative remote viewing (ARV) method, the binary outcomes of the present and future options were each associated with a photo, which had to be described by the viewers. An independent judge analyzed the viewers’ qualitative reports through binary correspondence ratings amounting to a hit (1) or no hit (0) per trial. Independently of the time condition, a Psi effect could be observed. The hit rates of the judge (0.88 and 0.62 for the present and future, respectively) were significantly higher than the expected value (0.5) under the null hypothesis (present: p < 0.001, ESP = 0.73; future: p = 0.027, ESF = 0.22; binomial distribution). In addition, the hit rates in the two time conditions differed significantly from each other (χ2 = 9.01; df = 1, p < 0.003). The results confirm the hypothesis that Psi is not completely independent of the time dimension and that the hit rate is influenced by a priori target probabilities. With regard to the Informational Psi (IΨ) theory, we will discuss the implications of a probabilistic future for the understanding of Psi effects.

scholarly journals Lean Implementation in a Manufacturing Industry through Value Stream Mapping

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S) ◽  
pp. 908-913
Keyword(s):  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Value Stream Mapping ◽  
Lean Implementation ◽  
Value Stream ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Value ◽  
Future Condition ◽  
Value Stream Map

Today’s market is getting progressively doused step by step, customer ending up progressively self important and hard to persuade that one will offer same value they are searching for, Lean Manufacturing has a route in front of rivalry by envisioning and upgrading the value stream. Value stream mapping (VSM) is a tool in lean execution. It is a strategy to investigate the present condition of procedure and assessing a future condition of the procedure. It takes an item or administration from its start through to end client by lessening waste contrasted with current mapping. In this paper, the first Value stream mapping of the current condition of the procedure is dissected for a situation organization and consequently, the future Value stream map was proposed base on lean standards. In light of the last outcomes, it tends to be the reason that value stream mapping is a helpful apparatus for decreasing waste and non-value included activities

Sonometric Evaluation of Eustachian Tube Function Using Broadband Stimuli

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna G. Murti ◽  
Erdem I. Cantekin ◽  
Richard M. Stern ◽  
Charles D. Bluestone
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Tube Function ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Sound Conduction ◽  
Clinical Instrument

New measurements of acoustical transmission through the eustachian tube (ET) have been obtained in a series of experiments directed toward the development of a clinical instrument to assess ET function behind an intact tympanic membrane (TM). Using a sound conduction method, a sound source was placed in one nostril, and the acoustical energy that was transmitted through the ET was measured by a microphone placed in the ear canal. The present study used a broadband noise as the acoustical stimulus, in contrast to the tonal stimuli employed in previous investigations. This stimulus was chosen because it is believed to reduce the variability in the data due to intersubject differences in the acoustics of the nasopharynx and ET, and to avoid any a priori assumptions concerning the specific frequencies that would be of greatest diagnostic significance. Averaged spectra of the sound transmitted to the ear canal were obtained for three experimental conditions: acoustical source present during subject swallowing, source present with no swallowing, and subject swallowing with source absent. A Bayesian classification scheme based on the statistics of these spectra was used in classifying subjects into one of two possible categories, normal and abnormal ET function. A comparison was made between sonometric classification and classification based on a tympanometric ET function test. Correlation between the two methods was 87.1%.

John Holland and the Evolution of Economics

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Arrow
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
The Future ◽  
Hard Problems ◽  
Biological World ◽  
Important Time ◽  
John Holland ◽  
Problem Solving Behavior

John Holland's work has combined what appears to be a complicated but technical contribution to giving approximate solutions for a class of difficult problems with a deepening of our understanding of the way we all do induction, of how the experience of the world modifies and improves our behavior and our decisions. Such a comprehension necessarily alters the viewpoint of the behavioral sciences. In this chapter, I want to concentrate on some of the already apparent ways in which he has altered our understanding of the complex dynamic system that constitutes the economic world. Of course, the genetic algorithm can be and has been used as a means of solving hard problems in economic analysis, as in any other field. That is, it is an aid to the analyst, and a powerful one. I want, however, to emphasize the second aspect of Holland's work, the implications of the genetic algorithm as a description of human problem-solving behavior in a complicated world. The economic world is complicated partly because it depends on the physical and biological world which governs the techniques of production. More interestingly, though, the economic world is complicated because the individuals in it are interacting through markets. It is an old observation among economists, going back to Adam Smith's observation of the invisible hand, that economic events are the results of human actions but are not necessarily an achievement of human intentions. In the murk of the economic world, individuals have to act. They have to make choices as to what they will consume, how much they will save, what goods they will produce and how they will produce them, and then what investments they will make. They make these choices with a view to their consequences, personal satisfaction today or in their future or the satisfaction of their heirs, the profits to be made now or in the future by producing goods, and the returns on their investments. These choices have an important time dimension; people and many of the things they buy, make, or sell last, and the outcomes of current decisions depend on events which will occur in the future. The life of the decisionmaker is uncertain, so is his or her health.

Incremental Knowledge Construction for Real-World Event Understanding

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Kamei ◽  
Yutaka Yanagisawa ◽  
Takuya Maekawa ◽  
Yasue Kishino ◽  
Yasushi Sakurai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Incremental Model ◽  
Proposed Model

The construction of real-world knowledge is required if we are to understand real-world events that occur in a networked sensor environment. Since it is difficult to select suitable ‘events’ for recognition in a sensor environment a priori, we propose an incremental model for constructing real-world knowledge. Labeling is the central plank of the proposed model because the model simultaneously improves both the ontology of real-world events and the implementation of a sensor system based on a manually labeled event corpus. A labeling tool is developed in accordance with the model and is evaluated in a practical labeling experiment.

scholarly journals The evaluation of candidates in a personnel selection: Preference for experience over potential in unfavorable contexts

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-520
Author(s):  
Borja Paredes ◽  
Samuel Del Olmo ◽  
David Santos ◽  
Beatriz Gandarillas ◽  
Pablo Briñol
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
A Priori ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Candidate Evaluation ◽  
The Future

The present research´s main goal is to find out how one responds to the organizational context and the candidate profile in a job candidate evaluation context. With that purpose, we ran an experiment with a sample of participants trained in personnel selection. Participants first received a message in which it was specified that the future of a given organization was unfavorable or favorable. Then, participants were asked to evaluate a potential job candidate to join such organization. The candidate was described in terms of her high previous experience or in terms of her high potential as a professional. Our a priori hypothesis was that there would be a higher preference for experience relative to potential, particularly under unfavorable context. As predicted, results showed that under unfavorable contextual conditions, attitudes towards the candidate were more favorable when the job candidate was portrayed in terms of experience (vs potential). Under favorable contextual conditions, attitudes towards the candidate did not vary as a function of her profile.

Music Education in European Music Year – and Beyond

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
I. P. Salisbury
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Educational Initiatives ◽  
The Future

From the viewpoint of European Music Year (EMY) the author, currently HM Staff Inspector for Music and Chairman of the EMY Advisory Committee for Education, makes some general observations about the present condition of and future prospects for music education in the United Kingdom. Reviewing educational initiatives which have been taken during EMY, he relates these to the wider issues which inevitably preoccupy many of us at the present time. Despite the gloomy prognostications being made by some concerning the future of music education, he prefers at this stage to point to positive achievements and to suggest possible lines of development for the future.

scholarly journals Policijas darbinieku izglītības problēmas Latvijā

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs Matvejevs
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Police Training ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Lifelong Education ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Future Condition ◽  
Police Activity

Raksts veltīts kompleksai policijas apmācības organizatoriskā mehānisma izveides analīzei, lai izpētītu, apkopotu un apjaustu teorētiski tiesiskos Latvijas policijas funkcionēšanas jautājumus, kā arī kopējās stratēģijas attīstībai, kuras izstrādē tiek pārskatīta pašreizējā apmācības organizācija un norises stāvoklis. Pētījumā analizēts organizācijas nākotnes stāvoklis un tiek izstrādāti pārejas ceļi no viena stāvokļa uz otru. Autors secina, ka ir nepieciešams izstrādāt un ieviest efektīvu policijas darbinieku profesionālās izglītības sistēmu saskaņā ar mūsdienu demokrātiskas valsts, mūžizglītības koncepcijas un Boloņas deklarācijas principiem, lai nodrošinātu kvalitatīvu policijas darbinieku sagatavošanu un veicinātu viņu profesionālo meistarību. The article deals with the complex analysis of the organisational structure of police training, summarising and constructive critical comprehension of the theoretical law matters of the police activity in Latvia and also the transition of common strategy regarding the present condition of training and predicts the future condition of organisation so develops the ways of transfer from one condition to another. Summarising it can be concluded that it is necessary to develop and implement effective professional education system for police officers pursuant to the principles of a contemporary democratic state and concept of lifelong education and Bologna Declaration that will provide for training of qualified police officers and promote their professionalism.

scholarly journals The Ape That Lived to Tell the Tale. The Evolution of the Art of Storytelling and Its Relationship to Mental Time Travel and Theory of Mind

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Garcia-Pelegrin ◽  
Clive Wilkins ◽  
Nicola S. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mental Time Travel ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Future ◽  
Past Experiences

Engaging in the art of creating and telling stories is a defining behaviour of humankind. Humans have been sharing stories with each other, with and without words, since the dawn of recorded history, but the cognitive foundations of the behaviour can be traced deeper into our past. The emergence of stories can be strongly linked to Mental Time Travel (the ability to recall the past and imagine the future) and plays a key role in our ability to communicate past, present and future scenarios with other individuals, within and beyond our lifetimes. Stories are products engraved within the concept of time, constructed to elucidate the past experiences of the self, but designed with the future in mind, thus imparting lessons of such experiences to the receiver. By being privy to the experiences of others, humans can imagine themselves in a similar position to the protagonist of the story, thus mentally learning from an experience they might have never encountered other than in the mind's eye. Evolutionary Psychology investigates how the engagement in artistic endeavours by our ancestors in the Pleistocene granted them an advantage when confronted with obstacles that challenged their survival or reproductive fitness and questions whether art is an adaptation of the human mind or a spandrel of other cognitive adaptations. However, little attention has been placed on the cognitive abilities that might have been imperative for the development of art. Here, we examine the relationship between art, storytelling, Mental Time Travel and Theory of Mind (i.e., the ability to attribute mental states to others). We suggest that Mental Time Travel played a key role in the development of storytelling because through stories, humans can fundamentally transcend their present condition, by being able to imagine different times, separate realities, and place themselves and others anywhere within the time space continuum. We argue that the development of a Theory of Mind also sparked storytelling practises in humans as a method of diffusing the past experiences of the self to others whilst enabling the receiver to dissociate between the past experiences of others and their own, and to understand them as lessons for a possible future. We propose that when artistic products rely on storytelling in form and function, they ought to be considered separate from other forms of art whose appreciation capitalise on our aesthetic preferences.

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