The cause of Arseniy Matseevich as an "indicator" of the ideology of the church conservatism at the Catherinian age: historiographical aspect

On the materials of the historico-biographical treatises and furthermore the generalizing and monographic works in history of the Russian Orthodox Church and the social and political thought the historiographical appraisals and treatments of the ideological content and motivation of the church opposition to the Catherine's II policy led by metropolitan of Rostov Arseniy Matseevich is examined. This problematico-historiographical review is realized in the context of the Russian conservatismʼs origins and development from its initial oppositional version to the posterior incarnation. The Russian Pre-October and émigré "secular" historians (V. S. Ikonnikov, A. V. Kartashev) appraised Arseniy Matseevichʼs struggle against the secularization church estates decreed by Catherine II as the manifestation of the class economical egoism of the highest clergy only. These authors denied any "ideal" (spiritual and ideological) motives of his opposition to the Catherinian policy. Contrary to this viewpoint in the apologistical treatise about Arseniy Matseevich published in 1912 the priest M. S. Popov represented him as the principal ideological fighter for the Church's independence of the Catherinian absolutist regime. The Soviet historiography and the majority of the contemporary Russian historians assertes the "class egoistical" economical motivation of Arseniy Matseevichʼs opposition to the Catherinian politics and confronted his oppositional church conservatism with its "system" version personified by the metropolitan of Moscow Platon (Levshin).

Bohorodyts'ka and Starosamars'ka hundred (sotnya): administrative system and officer (starshyna) corps

Bohorodyts'ka and Starosamars'ka hundred (sotnya)is an unique Cossack formations. They existed in a territorial isolation from the Hetmanate and Slobozhanshchyna, on the lands of the Zaporozhian Sich. The study of these formations will better understand the policy of the Russian government in relation to the Sich, to find out the methods by which the state authorities planned to put Zaporizhzhya Cossacks under their control. We do not know when the Bohorodyts'ka hundred (sotnya) arose. Now the first mention in the documents dates back to 1700. The Russian government planned to create a Cossack regiment (polk) here, but in reality was founded a Cossack hundred (sotnya). Ivan Mazepa, as an autonomous ruler, wanted to include this formation in the structure of Hetmanate, but a hundred (sotnya) was subject to the authority of a representative of the Russian administration – the Kiev governor. The hundreds (sotnya) were liquidated as a result of Russia's defeat in the war with Turkey and the signing of the Prut peace in 1711. We do not know when the Cossack hundred (sotnya) was restored under the name Starosamars'ka. This happened in the late 1730s – early 1740s. In 1744, the Starosamarsʼka hundreds became part of the Poltava regiment (polk) of the Hetmanate. The administrative apparatus of the hundreds was predominantly similar to other hundreds of Hetmanates, but the real power of the Cossack officers was a bit lower here. During the existence of the Starosamars'ka hundreds, such a body of self-government was preserved as a council (rada) that was not typical for the Hetmanate in this period. This was due to the fact that the peoples could easily escape from their power and move to neighboring settlements and recognize the jurisdiction of the Zaporozhska Sich. The population of hundreds and officers consisted mainly of immigrants from the left bank of the Dnieper, to a lesser extent – from immigrants from the right bank. Summing up, I note that the Bohorodyts'ka and Starosamars'ka hundred (sotnya) appeared as instruments of control of the Russian government over the colonization of Zaporizhye cossacklands. The Bohorodyts'ka hundred (sotnya), as far as we can judge, was under the direct authority of the Kiev governor. Starosamars'ka hundred (sotnya) became part of the Hetmanate. This is due to the fact that in the 1740s the Russian government was already convinced of the reliable control over the Hetmanate, although at the end of the 17th century there was no such control. Zaporizhska Sich fought both with legal and violent methods with this hundred (sotnya), which was located on the lands of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. The Starosamars'ka hundred (sotnya) ceased to exist in October 1761, when its territory entered the jurisdiction of the Zaporozhzhya Sich.

The role of the social context in the history of historiography (on the example of formation German historical science of the 19th century)

The external contexts related to historical science are considered: political, social, general cultural, educational, ideological, which had a significant influence on the formation of German historiography in the nineteenth century. Particular attention is paid to the role of state support in the development of historical higher education and science. It is emphasized that the historical science in Germany was of a clearly pronounced national character and became an important factor in the consolidation of the German nation. It is emphasized that the «historicism», which was based on idealistic German philosophy, was the theoretical and methodological basis for the development of German historical science. Historical research and study of history in educational institutions have become important components in the formation of German burghers, who served the German state and worked for the common good.

The origin of Scythian caldrons in the context of the late Bronze − Early Iron Age of Eurasia

A detailed analysis of the historiography of the issue is presented, which takes into account works devoted to the antiquities of the early Iron Age. The authors come to the conclusion about the local production of Scythian metal boilers, seeing in this a very high level of development of metalworking of Scythian masters. With regard to the issue associated with the origin of the tradition of manufacturing these products, then in the historiography there were two theories: the Asian (L. N. Chlenova, S. V. Demidenko, V. S. Bochkarev, etc.) and native (O. A. Krivtsova-Grakova and others). In our opinion, the question of the origin of boilers should be considered taking into account the specific features of their morphology. Thus, open-shell boilers that dominate the archaic times (VII−VI centuries BC) are made taking into account the clearly formulated traditions and requirements for products of this category brought from the East to the Northern Black Sea Coast. Regarding the boilers with closed housing, which begin to appear in the VI century BC, we can say the following. Their production originates in the local traditions of the production of boilers, which were formed back in Cimmerian times (riveted boilers). But these traditions do not receive a direct line of development in Scythian time. We see rather complicated processes of formation of the Scythian center for the production of archaic cast caldrons in the Kuban region, where this tradition spreads throughout the Northern Black Sea Coast. In the course of this complex and multifaceted process, new syncretic traditions of the production of boilers are formed, combining the innovative method of production (casting) and the local traditions of perception of the shape of the caldron.

The annotative review of researches for applicants of the Doctor and the Candidate of the history specialities which were defended in the Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University in 2015

A subject and maintenance of dissertations for the degree of Doctor and the Candidate of historical sciences which were defended in the specialized scientific advice D 08.051.14 in the Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University in 2015 is considered. For a year 2 dissertations for the degree of Doctor (specialty 07.00.01 "Нistory of Ukraine") and 4 dissertations for the degree of the Candidate (specialty 07.00.01 "Нistory of Ukraine" – 1 work, 07.00.06 "Нistoriography, a source study and special historical disciplines" – 3 works) were defended. All dissertations were ratified by the Department of education and science of Ukraine. It is given the following information on every research work: theme, specialty, place (department) of work implementation, date of defense of dissertation, scientific consultant (for doctoral thesis) or leader (for candidate's thesis), his scientific degree and rank, place of work, data about official opponents. Considerable attention is spared to the compressed review of the personal achievements of authors especially to scientific novelty of their researches.

Information field for historical research

The article analyzes the main information collision of historical knowledge, which consists in physical inaccessibility of events and phenomena of the past as an object of historical science for a historian as an investigator. The aim of the research is to formulate and discuss a working hypothesis about the information field of historical science. The article provides an analytical background on the main ideas and approaches in the field of modern information field theory. The author carries out the projection of the main provisions of the information field theory on historical research. It is shown that the information field is a really existing information carrier that provides its acquisition, transportation, storage and visualization, as well as provides information and knowledge recorded in various forms, realizes cultural communications. One of the manifestations of such a culture is the sign systems, which determine certain contexts. Signs are characterized by polysemy. Despite artificial origin, semiotic reality is objective. Simultaneously, signs provide intellectual activity of people. Mental signs in the historical process of use by society acquire additional meanings, generating new symbols. Polysemy shapes the problem of epistemological uncertainty of two stages – identifying the problem and solving it. Historians as researchers resort to cognitive models, which, thanks to the translational function, ensure the transfer of information from the known to the unknown. One of the explanations of polysemy is the theory of conceptual integration, according to which the structures of the original mental spaces are projected onto a new, constructed, mental space – blend. This is the result of a personʼs intellectual ability to create new meanings on the basis of the available ones. Since signs and symbols are multi-valued, they form a multiplicity of retrospective scenarios of historical research at the stage of problem formulation. At the stage of its solution, the historian interacts actively with the information field, which consists in verifying empirical data of available scientific hypotheses. At this stage, the historian conducts heuristic, axiological and selection work, which results in the authorʼs version of the historiography.

Agrarian policy of the Ukrainian State on the journals of the meetings of the Council of Ministers

The information content of the journals (minutes) of the meetings of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian State (1918) is investigated, which makes it possible to clarify the specifics of governmental agrarian policy. Information on the influence of the German and Austro-Hungarian military command on the agrarian policy of Ukraine, the peculiarities of land ownership and agrarian relations, the food and price policy of the Ukrainian government, and attempts at agrarian and land reform are discussed. The journals of the meetings of the Council of Ministers contain information about the emergence of a peasant rebel movement, caused in general by the unsuccessful agrarian activity of Hetman P. Skoropadsky, and also about government measures aimed at suppressing this movement. The investigated documentary complex should be recognized as an important source on the history of not only the Ukrainian State, its agrarian policy, but also the insurrectional movement and the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917−1921 generally.

The policy of "a powerful rise in agriculture" in the mid–1950s – mid–1960s and its results in Ukraine: the professional and production aspect

It is analyzed the results of the companies due to the providing with agricultural industry by the specialists with high and secondary agricultural education that are exampled in the politics of the state about the powered development of agrarian sphere of the country in a short period. It is mark that the results of realization of agrarian program that was made in 1953 in the part of intellectualization the material sphere of collective farms industry, were unidentified. From one side the radical organized economical changes were happened, the result of what was the change of accent in the system of formation the staffʼs potential of the village. During these changes the specialists were concentrated in the economies and were having the personal responsibilities for the results of actions of the serving and departments. The dates of transformation were accompanied as quantity and quality changes in the staff structure of the leading and governing links of collective farms. From the other side in the middle of 1960th the situation of their security was far away from the necessities of the material sphere of the village in the whole and also in the concrete directions of the agricultural industry.

Construction Management South-Ukrainian and North-Crimean channels in 1950−1953

In the current article the analysis of the mechanisms of the providing of management of the building process of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean channels in the command-administrative system of USSR during the late Stalinist period has been made. The building of Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimea channels had a particular political value for USSR in the beginning of 1950s, while the realization of this project was supposed to create the prerequisites for the economic development of the Southern regions of Ukraine (until 1954) and the Northern regions of the Crimea. The General Directorate 'Ukrvodstroy" of the Ministry of Cotton of USSR was supposed to be responsible for the building of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean channels. However, the Ministry of Cotton as well as other union ministries turned out to be ineffective in the process of administering of "communism construction". On the other hand, the Council of Ministers of Ukrainian SSR and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union were very effective in providing of the building of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean channels. Due to the effective activity of the leadership of Ukrainian SSR related to the providing of the building of Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean channels, the revival of the social-economic development of the Crimea took place, particularly in the far end regions of the Crimea it happened due to the development of capital investments required for the program of channels building. Thus, the Council of Ministers of Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Central Committee of Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine was actively expanding its territory competence on the territory of the Crimea.

Between the imperial identity and national vocation: a generalized image of the Habsburg state official in Galicia (1848−1919)

The article deals with the problem of the social status of the Habsburg state officials in Galicia in the time of 1848−1918. The author analyzes the main key-points of the imperial-class officials functions in the public space of the province. Further, the collaboration between the central authority and local political community is described in the context of absolutist reforms since the end of XVIIІ century. Significant emphasis was placed on the interpretation of management reforms of Joseph II and Franz Joseph. The «discourse» of the Galician officials – a faithful servant of the Emperor, and a supporter of his local nationality and interests, is singled out. Special attention was given to "personal" style of government in Galicia, its structure and constituent elements at the local level, describes the public status of the personality (stadtholder and bezirk governor on a background of legal competence and public expectations). Particular consideration is paid to significance of rituals (audience and official inspection) as a means of strengthening the power, support and encourage public authority among the population. Ethos of state officials analyzed according to official regulations and perceptions of provincial society as construction of peculiar behavior of ordinary officials, solved the role of education and public manners.