scholarly journals Projective method for spinorial techniques: Unifying calculational schemes of Dirac amplitudes

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (6 Nov-Dec) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
E. Sanchez ◽  
M. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Calculation Procedure ◽  
Closure Property ◽  
Projective Method ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Dirac Particles ◽  
Massless Spinor ◽  
Dirac Spinors ◽  
General Method

There have been numerous approaches to the calculation of spin dependent amplitudes for Dirac particles. All of them have their own advantages, particularly, the standard method of calculation, based on the multiplication by the unit, has a few shortcomings. In this work we use the closure property of the Dirac spinors to present a general method for the amplitude computation. It is shown that the massless spinor method and the helicity spinor method can be formulated through this method. Finally, we get an example of this calculation procedure computing the spin dependentamplitude for the Compton process.

scholarly journals CALCULATION OF THE SLEEVE PACKER ELEMENT WITH THE VARIABLE ANGLE OF LAYING OF THREADS OF THE CORD FOR CREATION OF EDGE PROTECTION (PART 1)

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
N. Serdyukov ◽  
E. Ryzhenko ◽  
Yu. Smirnov ◽  
A. Mashkov
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Packing Density ◽  
Calculation Procedure ◽  
Initial Angle ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Variable Angle ◽  
General Method

the method of calculation of influence of design and technological parameters of material of a cover of a packer element is developed: the initial angle of laying of threads of the reinforcing framework, the packing density of threads in the field of unions, number of layers of a framework, rubber elastic modulus on power characteristics of a cover, for the purpose of creation of edge protection of a packer element. In the first part of work the cover of a packer element with laying of threads with a constant corner on all length of a cover is investigated. The received results of calculation, allowed to evaluate and prove quantitatively the constructive and technological directions of reliability augmentation of edge protection of a packer element. The developed calculation procedure is a basis of development of more general method of calculation of power characteristics of a cover of a packer element with variable longwise covers the initial angle of laying of threads.

GENERAL METHOD FOR CALCULATING BUTT AND ANGLE WELDS FOR STRENGTH

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Vavilov ◽  
I. Yu. Skobeleva ◽  
I. A. Shirshova
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Calculation Scheme ◽  
Calculation Procedure ◽  
Fillet Welds ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Strength Of Materials ◽  
Butt Welds ◽  
Strength Based ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
General Method

The existing methods for calculating butt and fillet welds are private, developed for specific design solutions that do not take into account the variety of weld shapes and the variety of combinations of forces and moments. The article provides a general method for calculating butt and fillet welds for strength, based on the calculation method for nominal stresses, adopted in the strength of materials. This technique was used without any changes for the calculation of butt welds, since the weld is an extension of the part. The calculation of fillet welds is based on two assumptions, on the basis of which a calculation scheme has been developed, which makes it possible to use the calculation method for rated stresses. The article proposes two design schemes, considers the calculation procedure and derives two generalized strength conditions for the verification calculation of butt and fillet welds.

General method of calculation of any hadronic decay in the3 P 0 model

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Roberts ◽  
B. Silvestre-Brac
Keyword(s):  
Hadronic Decay ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
General Method

scholarly journals Tingkat Korosivitas Air Terhadap Infrastruktur Sumber Daya Air Berbahan Semen atau Mortar dengan fc’ ≤ 30 MPa pada 9 Waduk di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Devita Satya Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Langelier Saturation Index ◽  
Index Saturation

Abstrak. Korosi atau kerusakan yang terjadi di infrastruktur sumber daya air terutama yang berbahan semen atau mortar dengan fc’ atau dengan nilai kuat tekan ≤ 30 Mpa, dapat menimbulkan banyak kerugian. Kerugian yang ditimbulkan antara lain kerugian secara materiil karena korosi menggerogoti semua aset infrastruktur dan tentunya kerugian dalam hal keamanan karena dapat mengancam keselamatan manusia. Korosi merupakan permasalahan yang sangat penting dan tidak akan ada habisnya, karena peristiwa korosi terjadi secara terus-menerus dan berkelanjutan. Peristiwa korosi tidak dapat terjadi dengan sendirinya, tetapi karena adanya berbagai faktor-faktor tertentu yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya korosi. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menentukan tingkat korosivitas air terhadap infrastruktur sumber daya air berbahan semen atau mortar dengan fc’ atau dengan nilai kuat tekan ≤ 30 MPa pada 9 waduk di Indonesia, sehingga akan diketahui rekomendasi yang tepat untuk pencegahan dan pengendalian korosivitas air terhadap infrastruktur sumber daya air berbahan semen atau mortar dengan fc’ atau dengan nilai kuat tekan ≤ 30 MPa, karena semen merupakan salah satu material yang paling banyak digunakan saat ini. Studi ini menggunakan data-data primer kualitas air. Metode pengambilan, penyimpanan, dan pengawetan sampel air dilakukan dengan mengikuti ketentuan dari Standar Nasional Indonesia Nomor 6989.57:2008. Pengujian kualitas air dilakukan oleh laboratorium yang terakreditasi. Metode perhitungan menggunakan rumus Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) A, B, C, D, dan rumus Saturation Index (SI) dari Standard Method APHA-AWWA-WEF. Hasil perhitungan LSI A, B, C, D, dan SI Standard Method APHA-AWWA-WEF menunjukkan bahwa tingkat korosivitas air di 9 waduk berpotensi menyebabkan korosi terhadap infrastruktur sumber daya air berbahan semen atau mortar dengan fc’ atau dengan nilai kuat tekan ≤ 30MPa. Kata kunci: infrastruktur sumber daya air, Langelier Saturation Index, Saturation Index, tingkat korosivitas air. Abstract. Water Corrosivity Level Againts the Water Resources Infrastructure Made of Cement or Mortar with fc' ≤ 30 MPa in 9 Reservoirs in Indonesia. Corrosion or damage that occurs in the infrastructure of water resources, especially those made of cement or mortar with fc' or with a compressive strength value of ≤ 30 MPa will be able to engender losses. Losses incurred, in the form of losses materially because of corrosion gnaw off all infrastructure assets and of course in losses terms of security, because it can threaten the safety of a human. Corrosion is a very important problem and will not be endless, as corrosion events occur continuously and sustainably. Corrosion events cannot occur by themselves, but because of certain factors that may cause corrosion. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of water corrosivity to the infrastructure of water resources made from cement or mortar with fc' or with a compressive strength value of ≤ 30 MPa in 9 reservoirs in Indonesia, to develop appropriate recommendations for the prevention and control of the water corrosivity to the infrastructure of water resources made from cement or mortar with fc' or with a compressive strength value of ≤ 30 MPa because cement is one of the most used materials today. This study uses water quality primary data. The methods of capturing, storing, and preserving water samples are carried out following the provisions of Indonesian national standard number 6989.57:2008. Water quality testing is done by accredited laboratories. The method of calculation uses the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) A, B, C, D, and the formula Saturation Index (SI) of the Standard Method APHA-AWWA-WEF. Calculation results of LSI A, B, C, D, and SI Standard Method APHA-AWWA-WEF show that the level of water corrosivity in 9 reservoirs has the potential to cause corrosion of water resources infrastructure made of cement or mortar with fc' or with a compressive strength value of ≤ 30 MPa. Keywords: Langelier Saturation Index, Saturation Index, water corrosivity level, water resource infrastructure.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DYNAMIC LOAD ON GEAR TRANSMISSION DURABILITY OF HEAVY-DUTY ROADHEADING MACHINES

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
V. Y. Prushak ◽  
D. A. Chernous ◽  
O. M. Volchek
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Gear Transmission ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Step Cycle ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Transmission Reliability ◽  
Maximum Stresses ◽  
Executive Body

The article proposes a new method of calculation of the indicators of the durability of the gear transmission of heavy-loaded roadheading machines, allowing a more accurate assessment of the dynamic loading of the teeth. Within the framework of this technique, the elastic moment amplification factors determined by the amplitude-frequency characteristic of transmission are used instead of the specific circumferential dynamic force in the calculation of the maximum operating voltages. The maximum stresses in the bending of teeth and the probability of failure-free operation of the technical system are determined. A spur transmission used in the drive of the Executive body of roadheader is considered as an example of application of the proposed design technique. The comparison of calculated estimations of gear transmission reliability obtained on the basis of the standard method and using amplitude-frequency characteristics is carried out. In the considered design example durability of transfer for a step cycle of loading is more than 2 times higher in comparison with a continuous cycle of loading. It is shown that using a standard calculated coefficient that takes into account dynamic load, the calculated estimations of the durability of the transmission are significantly overestimated. At the same time, the error of the standard method will depend on the frequency range at which the transmission operates, and this error is most significant when the transmission operates near its own frequencies.

Tentative Standard Method for Measuring Electrical Conductance of Coating On Buried Pipe Lines. A Report of Technical Unit Committee T-2D on Standardization Of Procedures for Measuring Pipe Coating Conductance(1)

CORROSION ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Buried Pipe ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Standardization Of Procedures ◽  
General Method ◽  
Pipe Lines

Abstract A general method and an attenuation method for measuring the electrical conductance of buried or submerged pipe lines are proposed. Definitions, test conditions and set up, instruments, procedures, calculations and methods of reporting results are covered. Appendix includes pertinent formulae, suggested forms for making reports.

scholarly journals Electronic wave functions - I. A general method of calculation for the stationary states of any molecular system

1950 ◽  
Vol 200 (1063) ◽  
pp. 542-554 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular System ◽  
Accurate Solution ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Orbital Method ◽  
Stationary States ◽  
Electronic Wave ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Electronic Wave Functions ◽  
Bond Method ◽  
General Method

This communication deals with the general theory of obtaining numerical electronic wave functions for the stationary states of atoms and molecules. It is shown that by taking Gaussian functions, and functions derived from these by differentiation with respect to the parameters, complete systems of functions can be constructed appropriate to any molecular problem, and that all the necessary integrals can be explicitly evaluated. These can be used in connexion with the molecular orbital method, or localized bond method, or the general method of treating linear combinations of many Slater determinants by the variational procedure. This general method of obtaining a sequence of solutions converging to the accurate solution is examined. It is shown that the only obstacle to the evaluation of wave functions of any required degree of accuracy is the labour of computation. A modification of the general method applicable to atoms is discussed and considered to be extremely practicable.

scholarly journals IV. On the summation of series

1865 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 332-336
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Definite Integrals ◽  
Summation Of Series ◽  
Complicated Nature ◽  
General Method

In a Memoir published in the Philosophical Transactions for the year 1855, I applied the Theory of Definite Integrals to the summation of many intricate series. I have thought my researches on this subject might well be terminated by the following paper, in which I have pointed out methods for the summation of series of a far more complicated nature. I commence with some remarks intended to give clear conceptions of the general method of calculation.

Second essay on a general method in dynamics

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 315-316 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Function ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Principal Function ◽  
General Transformation ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
The One ◽  
Gradual Variation ◽  
General Method

This essay is a sequel of the one which appeared in the last volume of the Philosophical Transactions, and which contained a general me­thod for reducing all the most important problems of dynamics to the study of one characteristic function, or one central or radical relation. It was there remarked that many eliminations required by this me­thod might be avoided by a general transformation, introducing the time explicitly into a part (S) of the whole characteristic function (V) ; and the first object of the present essay is to examine and develope the properties of this part (S), which the author designates by the term Principal Function . This function is applied by the author to problems of perturbation, in which he finds it dispenses with many laborious and circuitous processes, and furnishes accurate expressions of the disturbed configurations of a system by the rules of undisturbed motion, if only the initial components of velocities be changed in a suitable manner. Another manner of extending rigorously to dis­turbed, the rules of undisturbed motion, by the gradual variation of elements, in number double the number of the coordinates or other marks of position of the system, which was first invented by Lagrange, and was afterwards improved by Poisson, is considered in this second essay under a form rather more general; and the general method of calculation which has already been applied by the author to other analogous questions in optics and in dynamics, is now applied to the integration of the equations which determine these elements. This general method is founded chiefly on a combination of the principle of variations with those of partial differentials, and may furnish, when matured, a separate branch of analysis, which may be denominated the Calculus of Principal Functions . When applied to the integra­tion of the equations of varying elements, it suggests the consideration of a certain Function of Elements , capable of being variously trans­formed, and which may be either rigorously determined, or at least approached to, by a corollary of the general method. With a view to illustrate these new principles, and more especially those connected with problems of perturbation, they are applied, in this essay, first, to a very simple example, suggested by the motions of projectiles, the parabolic path being treated as the undisturbed; and secondly, to the problem of determining the motions of a ternary or multiple system, with any laws of attraction or repulsion, and with one pre­dominant mass. This latter problem, which was touched upon in the former essay, is here resumed in a new manner, by forming and in­tegrating the differential equations of a new set of varying elements, entirely distinct in theory (though little differing in practice) from the elements conceived by Lagrange; and having this advantage, that the differentials of all the new elements for both the disturbed and disturbing masses may be expressed by the coefficients of one disturbing function.

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