scholarly journals Critical response to the article «The crisis of natural science and humanitarian approaches in psychiatry»

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Y. M. Zislin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Critical Response ◽  
Basic Concepts

The letter is devoted to the critical review of the basic concepts of the methodological article of Neznanov N.G., Kotsyubinsky A.P., Kotsyubinsky D.A. «Crisis of natural-scientific and human approaches in psychiatry».

Physics and Politics—an Old Analogy Revised

1928 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Bennett Munro
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
New Physics ◽  
The Political ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Physical Knowledge ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Inside Out ◽  
The Universe

It is just fifty-five years since Walter Bagehot wrote his Physics and Politics, a very suggestive book in its day. He began the first chapter of this book with a reference to “the sudden acquisition of much physical knowledge” which had marked the second half of the nineteenth century, and declared it his purpose to show the bearing of these new ideks upon the political conceptions of mankind. That purpose he, fulfilled with much ingenuity, pointing out the various lines along which the advance in natural science seemed to suggest modifications in the old theories of the state and of government.This was only a half-century ago; yet the new physics of Bagehot's day has already growh old. Its basic concepts have been turned inside out and upside down. Its laws relating to the indestructibility of mass and the conservation of energy have been radically amended. Even a generation ago the atom was held to be the ultimate and indivisible unit in the composition of the universe. It was the basis upon which the scientists of the nineteenth century built up an inclusive set of laws and principles relating to the structure of all creation. No one had ever seen an atom, but its existence could be postulated and its properties were held to be knowable.

FRACTALS IN FLUID MECHANICS

Fractals ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. SREENIVASAN
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Fractal Structure ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Chaotic Mixing ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Basic Concepts

The basic concepts of fractal geometry are relatively simple. Although they are not entirely new, the recognition that these simple notions form a unified language for a variety of disciplines in natural science is due to Mandelbrot.1 Our objective is to assess briefly the role of fractals and multifractal measures in fluid flows broadly, including turbulence and combustion. As applications have yet to mature, the report captures a snap-shot of the changing scene. We focus on activities that are common to both fluid dynamics and fractals and ignore some isolated aspects; we also omit comments on possible fractal structure obtained in chaotic mixing. Finally, we emphasize the question of how fractals enter physical problems, not the classical results. Much of the material to be covered below can be found in refererences cited in the bibliography2–7. Other references cited are not meant to be exhaustive.

scholarly journals A Critical Review and Significance of Ayurvedic preparation Kwatha - Herbal decoction

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Narendra Someshwar Bhatt ◽  
Manasi Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Classical Information ◽  
Herbal Decoction ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Preparatory Method

The standardization of Ayurvedic classical dosage forms has been an area of academic, research, industrial and regulatory interests.  It is crucial to understand the basic principles and rationality of these dosage forms for their therapeutic relevance while adapting to newer technologies for its right pharmaceutical and clinical use. Kwatha Kalpana -frequently referred to as decoctions - aqueous extraction of a group of herbs, is one of the most commonly used classical dosage forms where the therapeutic attributes are extracted from the group of botanicals into water, with the use of heat. Though clinically effective, it is seldom used due to the cumbersome preparatory method, short shelf life and poor palatability. This elaborate review covers historical and basic concepts of the dosage form, its salient features, nuances of classical preparations, traditional and newly developed methods of preparations. This paper covers intricate classical information and specifics about Kwatha, the herbal decoction. 

Effective Elastic Properties of Cracked Solids: Critical Review of Some Basic Concepts

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 304-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Kachanov
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Crack Density ◽  
Computer Experiments ◽  
Density Parameter ◽  
Effective Moduli ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
Quantitative Correlation ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Cracked Solids

The problem of effective moduli of cracked solids is critically reviewed. Various approaches to the problem are discussed; they are further assessed by comparing their predictions to results for sample deterministic arrays. These computer experiments indicate that the approximation of non-interacting cracks has a wider than expected range of applicability. Some of the deficiencies of various approximate schemes seem to be related to inadequacy of the conventionally used crack density parameter (insensitive to mutual positions of cracks). An alternative parameter that has this sensitivity, is suggested. Finally, the problem of effective moduli is discussed in the context of “damage mechanics”. It is argued that, contrary to the spirit of many damage models, there is no direct quantitative correlation between progression of a microcracking solid towards fracture and deterioration of its stiffness; thus, the effective moduli may not always serve as a reliable indicator of damage.

scholarly journals Polemic Views about the Source of Qur’ān in Medieval Christian Writings with a Reflection upon Contemporary Orientalists: A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-119
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hafeez ur Rahman ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Sajjad
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Divine Origin ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Local Populace ◽  
Authentic Data

Before the advent of Islam, there was a strong tradition of polemic writings both among the Jews and the Christians to prove the errors of adversary. But, after the advent of Islam in general, and the conquering of Roman / Byzantine empire by the Muslims in the era of Righteous Califate in specific, due to embracing Islam by a large number of local populace, the flux of Christian polemic writing was directed towards Islam. A number of polemic writings surfaced as a resort to keep their religion alive. These writings tried to belittle all basic concepts, beliefs, and creeds of Islam, and even the personality of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and the Holy Qur’ān. The contemporary orientalist polemic writers have claimed that there are several accounts originating from Jewish and Christian sources which tried to allegedly prove that the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was instructed by Jewish or Christian scholars in the composition of Holy Qur’ān, and to support this claim, they not only point out to certain Jewish or Christian sources, but have parroted their arguments as well, with the similar motives. With this, they have attempted to discredit Islam by raising doubts about the origin of Qur’ān. But despite of their efforts the fact remains firm that the Qur’ān has a Divine origin and was revealed by Allah Ta‘ālā unto Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). In this regard, the purpose of this article is to analyze the medieval polemic writings, their motives, and their rumination by the orientalists of the contemporary age. A critical approach is adopted in this analytical, and historical study, using published authentic data and literature including academic books, research papers, periodicals, dictionaries and reliable web sites also.

scholarly journals Tactile and Thermal Sensors Built from Carbon–Polymer Nanocomposites—A Critical Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Chenwang Yuan ◽  
Anthony Tony ◽  
Ruixue Yin ◽  
Kemin Wang ◽  
Wenjun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Thermal Sensors ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterial ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
And Performance

This paper provides a critical review of tactile and thermal sensors which are built from carbon nanomaterial-filled polymer composites (CNPCs). To make the review more comprehensive and systematic, the sensors are viewed as a system, and a general knowledge architecture for a system called function-context-behavior-principle-state-structure (FCBPSS) is employed to classify information as well as knowledge related to CNPC sensors. FCBPSS contains six basic concepts, namely, F: function, C: context, B: behavior, P: principle, and SS: state and structure. As such, the principle that explains why such composites can work as temperature and pressure sensors, various structures of the CNPC sensor, which realize the principle, and the behavior and performance of CNPC sensors are discussed in this review. This review also discusses the fabrication of the CNPC sensor. Based on the critical review and analysis, the future directions of research on the CNPC sensor are discussed; in particular, the need to have a network of CNPC sensors that can be installed on curved bodies such as those of robots is elaborated.

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