scholarly journals IMMUNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE HULLED BARLEY COLLECTION ACCORDING TO ITS RESISTANCE TO LEAF DISEASES IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE ROSTOV REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
E. S. Doroshenko ◽  
Ed. S. Doroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Powdery Mildew Pathogen ◽  
Barley Net Blotch ◽  
Hulled Barley

In the conditions of artificial infectious background of the laboratory of plant immunity and protection (Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”) there has been conducted an immunologic estimation of hulled barley samples of ARIR collection. There has been estimated resistance to the following pathogens: powdery mildew (pathogen Erysiphegraminis f. hordei), barley net blotch (Pyrenophorateres (Died.) Drechsler [Drechslerateres (Sacc.) Shoemaker]) and barley dark-brown blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.), Shoemaker [Cochliobolussativus (S. Ito &Kurib) Drechsler ex Dastur, Helminthosporiumsativum Pammel, C.M. King & Bakke]). The study of disease manifestation was done in 2016–2017. The results allow estimating variety resistance in the extreme infectious conditions similar to epiphytotinous conditions. As a result there have been identified the samples ‘Dublet’ (Belorussia), ‘Omsky golozerny 1’ (Russia), ‘К-26648’ (Pakistan), ‘Back CDC’,’CDC VC Ywire’, ‘CDC Dawn’ (Canada), ‘К-3038’ (Dai Mai), ‘Orgeniepetite’ (France), ‘NB-OWA’ (Nepal) and others that showed resistance and slight susceptibility to powdery mildew. The samples ‘Back CDC’, ‘Bowman’ (Canada), ‘84469/70’, ‘К-303’ (Dai Mai), ‘Dublet’ (Belorussia), Brunее (Ethiopia), ‘Orgeniepetite’ (France) and others showed resistance to barley net blotch. The samples ‘Dublet’, ‘Omsky golozerny 1’,  ‘Omsky golozerny 2’, ‘Yudinsky 1’, ‘К-26648’, ‘84469/70’, ‘Orgeniepetite’, ‘CDC Dawn’, ‘NB-OWA’, ‘К-3038’, ‘CDC VC Ywire’, ‘E.E.B.N.46’ demonstrated a complex resistance to both pathogens and they are recommended for use in the breeding programs on immunity.

scholarly journals Effect of modern fungicides on severity of diseases of spring barley

2019 ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
S. Mykhailenko ◽  
T. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Significant Difference

Goal. To carry out monitoring of spring barley diseases and determine the technical efficiency of modern fungicides during the vegetation period. Methods. The observations of disease severity were performed according to conventional methods. The technical efficiency of fungicides was studied in the Kyiv region, Belotserkovsky district, EB Alexandria in 2017—2018 under the conditions of natural infection on the cv. Commander. The size of the plots — 10 m2 in 4 replicates, the placement of plots — randomized. Agrotechnics are common for the growing area. Before the first application, an observation was carried out to establish the presence of diseases and their severity. In 15 days after the treatment with fungicides, records were taken to determine the development of the disease. Two treatments were performed with fungicides: the first at the flag leaf stage (39 stage on BBCH scale), the second — at booting stage (49 stage on BBCH scale). The following fungicides were tested: Aviator Xpro 225 EC, 0.8 l/ha, Acanto Plus 28 SC, 0.75 l/ha, Amistar Extra 280 SC, 0.75 l/ha, Abacus ES, 1.75 l/ ha, Bontima 250 EC, 2.0 l/ha. Results. During the period of investigation, the following leaf diseases were the most common:net blotch (Pyrenophora teres Drechsler), brown spot (Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoemaker) and powdery mildew (збудник Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer). The efficiency of fungicides against leaf diseases of spring barley was established. It was: against net blotch — 75.7—87.0%, brown spot — 70.0—80.0%, powdery mildew — 78.0—100%. The fungicide application made it possible to save a considerable part of the yield. The preserved yield at application of fungicides reached 0.18—0.27 t/ha. In the variants with the fungicides, the weight of 1000 grains increased by 3.3—4.4 g. A significant difference was observed between the variants and control over the parameters of the mass of 1000 grains. Conclusions. In the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons in the Kyiv region, the complex of spring barley leaf diseases included: net blotch (Pyrenophora teres Drechsler), brown spot (Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoemaker) and powdery mildew (збудник Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer). It is noted that for the protection of spring barley leaves it is advisable to apply one of the fungicides: Aviator Xpro 225 EC, 0.8 l/ha, Acanto Plus 28 SC, 0.75 l/ha, Amistar Extra 280 SC, 0.75 l/ ha, Abacus ES, 1.75 l/ha, Bontima 250 EC, 2.0 l/ha. The use of fungicides made it possible to protect the top two leaves from infection during grain filling, whach had a positive effect on the formation of structural elements, plant productivity and on quantitative and qualitative parameters of the yield.

scholarly journals Phytosanitary condition of winter barley crops in the Krasnodar krai and the Republic of Adygea in the pre-harvest period

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (25) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
G.V. Volkova ◽  
◽  
A.V. Danilova ◽  
L.N. Shulyakovskaya ◽  
A.V. Minakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Krasnodar Krai ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Barley Net Blotch

Phytosanitary monitoring is the most important element of integrated plant protection. It is used to identify the state of crops, the spread of diseases, the degree of their damage, and also to plan the protective measures. The aim of the research was to assess the development of the most dangerous diseases on winter barley crops in the Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Adygea (alternate spelling: Adygeya) in the pre-harvest period in 2017–2019 (late May-beginning of June, late milk-early dough stage of development (Z 70-75)). The analysis of the three-year dynamics of pathogens development on winter barley was carried out. The obtained data were compared with the agro-climatic conditions of the growing seasons. Phytosanitary and agroecological observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods and techniques. In the agricultural season 2016–2017, the weather in autumn was warm; winter was mild and snowless; spring was early with an unstable temperature regime and significant lack of precipitation. Warm and dry autumn, snowless winter with long thaws, spring with temperature changes were observed during the growing season of 2017–2018. Autumn in the 2018–2019 vegetative season was cool. Winter was mild and snowless. Sharp changes in air temperature were observed in spring. There was a shortage of precipitation, however, heavy precipitation was noted later. Spot blotch of barley (Cochliobolus sativus (S. Ito & Kuribayashi) Drechs.), barley net blotch (Pyrenophora teres Drechsler.), powdery mildew of barley (Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer) and leaf rust of barley (Puccinia hordei G. H. Otth.) were detected in the pathogenic complex of the crop. Different types of leaf spots of barley dominated among the detected plant diseases. Intensive development of spot blotch was observed on winter barley crops in Kurganinsky (47.9 %), Dinsky (30.0 %), Novokubansky (28.3 %) and Vyselkovsky (26.3 %) districts, as well as in the Maykop district of the Republic of Adygea (28.3 %). Significant development of barley net blotch was recorded in Kushchevsky (33.5 %), Dinsky (30.8 %) and Novokubansky (29.2 %) districts. The level of powdery mildew development was low (up to 1 %) in all regions. Just a few cases of leaf rust of barley during three years of research were noted. The results of phytosanitary monitoring are presented in the form of electronic maps of the spread of winter barley diseases in the regions of the Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Adygea.

scholarly journals New sources of powdery mildew resistance among winter bread wheat for adjusting the breeding immunological programs in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Т. G. Derova ◽  
N. V. Shishkin ◽  
О. S. Kononenko
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Systematic work on the development of winter wheat varieties possessing resistance to a complex of the most harmful diseases has been carried out in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” since the early 1970s. During this period, there has been created a large number of varieties that possess resistance to 3–4 diseases in conditions of infectious backgrounds of pathogens. Due to the analysis of varieties, there was identified a small number of varieties resistant to powdery mildew. Powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis (DC) Speer, annually occurs on wheat, affecting all aboveground plant organs. Earlier the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” developed and widely cultivated the medium-resistant varieties ‘Tanais’ (2006), ‘Nakhodka’ (2015), ‘Etyud’, ‘Shef’, ‘Lilit’ (2016), ‘Volnitsa’ (2017), ‘Polina’, Yubiley Dona’ , ‘Podarok Krymu’ (2018), ‘Niva Dona’ (2019). In recent years, breeders have developed such varieties with high resistance to the pathogen as ‘Donskaya Step’ (2016), ‘Premiera’, ‘Univer’ (2018), ‘Priazovye’, ‘Zolotoy Kolos’ (2020). But the breeding process of varieties for resistance to powdery mildew is difficult, since it is explained by the small number of effective resistance genes and their sources. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to identify new sources of resistance to the pathogen. Under the conditions of artificial infection, during last 10 years there was conducted a testing of 302 varieties and samples of winter wheat of domestic and foreign breeding. There have not been identified immune varieties. There was identified a small percentage (15.2) of varieties that were resistant to the pathogen. Among the Russian varieties they were ‘L 3191 k-5-8’, ‘Akhmat’, ‘Alievich’, ‘Barier’, ‘Ulyasha’, ‘Knyaginya Olga’, which were not attacked by the disease over the years of testing. Among foreign varieties, the varieties ‘Bombus’, ‘Sailor’ (France), ‘Etana’, ‘Rotax’, ‘KVS-Emil’ (Germany), ‘Fidelius’ (Austria), ‘MV 09-04’ (Hungary) were identified as the best ones in their resistance to powdery mildew. All identified sources of resistance have been recommended in breeding programs for immunity.

Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Wheat Glycoside Hydrolase Gene TaGlc2 Induced by Powdery Mildew Pathogen (Erysiphe graminis) Infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 786-794
Author(s):  
N PUDAKE Ramesh ◽  
Ming-Ming XIN ◽  
Yu-Jing YIN ◽  
Chao-Jie XIE ◽  
Zhong-Fu NI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Powdery Mildew Pathogen

Influence of sowing dates on the incidence of powdery mildew of chilli

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUDHEENDRA A. ASHTAPUTRE
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Agricultural Research Station ◽  
Sowing Dates

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2005 at Agricultural Research station, Devihosur, Haveri, Karnataka to assess the progress of powdery mildew at different time interval of sowing dates. Totally 20 different dates of sowings were imposed in the experiment at an interval of 10 days. The crop sown on last week of May to mid of June recorded minimum disease severity compared to rest of the date of sowings. This clearly indicated that crop sown during this period suffers less, which may be due to low inoculum potential, whereas late sown crop suffers more because of the readily available inoculum in the early sown crops. Low disease severity in last week of May to mid of June sowing may be attributed to the non-congenial weather factors for the development of the disease.

scholarly journals Dissimilarity of barley powdery mildew resistances Lomerit and Heils Hanna

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Japanese Isolate ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Reaction Type ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew ◽  
Old Japanese

  The resistance Heils Hanna (HH) was postulated in several tens of 471 previously tested winter barley cultivars. In this paper, new tests on 29 of these cultivars are reported. Thirty-two reference isolates of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei held in the pathogen genebank at the Agricultural Research Institute in Kromeriz, Ltd. including a Japanese isolate and five Israeli isolates were used for response tests. However, the resistance HH conferred by the gene Mla8 and herein characterised by reaction type 0 to an old Japanese isolate known as Race I was now postulated only in four cultivars. In the other 25 cultivars another resistance, characterised by reaction type 0 to Race I and also to two Israeli isolates, was detected. In addition to the two mentioned resistances, eight known (Bw, Dr2, Ha, IM9, Ln, Lv, Ra and Sp) resistances were found in the set examined. Lomerit was the only registered cultivar tested here in which the newly detected resistance was present alone, therefore, it is recommended that this resistance be designated Lo.

INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO NET BLOTCH IN BARLEY. I. FACTORS AFFECTING THE PENETRANCE AND EXPRESSIVITY OF GENE(S) CONDITIONING HOST RESISTANCE

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Susceptible Parent ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
High Level

Variability in the host-reaction of barley to infection by Drechslera teres was examined in the parents and progeny of selected crosses under different environmental conditions of testing.The Ethiopian variety C.I. 5791 exhibits a consistently high level of resistance under a range of environmental conditions, which is in contrast to the Manchurian variety C.I. 2330. The sensitivity of the genes for resistance possessed by these varieties to environmental modifications is considered to depend upon their respective genetic backgrounds. Furthermore, variability of host reaction in the progeny of these resistant varieties was shown to be influenced by the genetic background of the susceptible parent used.The implications of these findings in the conduct and interpretation of genetic studies and in backcross breeding programs is discussed.

scholarly journals Transformation of the cucurbit powdery mildew pathogen Podosphaera xanthii by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

2016 ◽  
Vol 213 (4) ◽  
pp. 1961-1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Martínez‐Cruz ◽  
Diego Romero ◽  
Antonio Vicente ◽  
Alejandro Pérez‐García
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Podosphaera Xanthii ◽  
Powdery Mildew Pathogen ◽  
Cucurbit Powdery Mildew

Identification of Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Publicly Available Male Hop Germplasm

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
David H. Gent ◽  
Briana J. Claassen ◽  
Megan C. Twomey ◽  
Sierra N. Wolfenbarger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Western United States ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The U.S

Powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera macularis) is one of the most important diseases of hop in the western United States. Strains of the fungus virulent on cultivars possessing the resistance factor termed R6 and the cultivar Cascade have become widespread in the Pacific Northwestern United States, the primary hop producing region in the country, rendering most cultivars grown susceptible to the disease at some level. In an effort to identify potential sources of resistance in extant germplasm, 136 male accessions of hop contained in the U.S. Department of Agriculture collection were screened under controlled conditions. Iterative inoculations with three isolates of P. macularis with varying race identified 23 (16.9%) accessions with apparent resistance to all known races of the pathogen present in the Pacific Northwest. Of the 23 accessions, 12 were resistant when inoculated with three additional isolates obtained from Europe that possess novel virulences. The nature of resistance in these individuals is unclear but does not appear to be based on known R genes. Identification of possible novel sources of resistance to powdery mildew will be useful to hop breeding programs in the western United States and elsewhere.

scholarly journals Molecular Mapping of Loci Conferring Susceptibility to Spot Blotch and Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Barley Using the Sequencing-Based Genotyping Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqiang Leng ◽  
Mingxia Zhao ◽  
Jason Fiedler ◽  
Antonín Dreiseitl ◽  
Shiaoman Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Trait Locus

Spot blotch (SB) caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and powdery mildew (PM) caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei are two important diseases of barley. To map genetic loci controlling susceptibility and resistance to these diseases, a mapping population consisting of 138 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from the cross between Bowman and ND5883. A genetic map was constructed for the population with 852 unique single nucleotide polymorphism markers generated by sequencing-based genotyping. Bowman and ND5883 showed distinct infection responses at the seedling stage to two isolates (ND90Pr and ND85F) of Bipolaris sorokiniana and one isolate (Race I) of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Genetic analysis of the RILs revealed that one major gene (Scs6) controls susceptibility to Bipolaris sorokiniana isolate ND90Pr, and another major gene (Mla8) confers resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei isolate Race I, respectively. Scs6 was mapped on chromosome 1H of Bowman, as previously reported. Mla8 was also mapped to the short arm of 1H, which was tightly linked but not allelic to the Rcs6/Scs6 locus. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified two QTLs, QSbs-1H-P1 and QSbs-7H-P1, responsible for susceptibility to spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana isolate ND85F in ND5883, which are located on chromosome 1H and 7H, respectively. QSbs-7H-P1 was mapped to the same region as Rcs5, whereas QSbs-1H-P1 may represent a novel allele conferring seedling stage susceptibility to isolate ND85F. Identification and molecular mapping of the loci for SB susceptibility and PM resistance will facilitate development of barley cultivars with resistance to the diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document