scholarly journals Phytosanitary condition of winter barley crops in the Krasnodar krai and the Republic of Adygea in the pre-harvest period

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (25) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
G.V. Volkova ◽  
◽  
A.V. Danilova ◽  
L.N. Shulyakovskaya ◽  
A.V. Minakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Krasnodar Krai ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Barley Net Blotch

Phytosanitary monitoring is the most important element of integrated plant protection. It is used to identify the state of crops, the spread of diseases, the degree of their damage, and also to plan the protective measures. The aim of the research was to assess the development of the most dangerous diseases on winter barley crops in the Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Adygea (alternate spelling: Adygeya) in the pre-harvest period in 2017–2019 (late May-beginning of June, late milk-early dough stage of development (Z 70-75)). The analysis of the three-year dynamics of pathogens development on winter barley was carried out. The obtained data were compared with the agro-climatic conditions of the growing seasons. Phytosanitary and agroecological observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods and techniques. In the agricultural season 2016–2017, the weather in autumn was warm; winter was mild and snowless; spring was early with an unstable temperature regime and significant lack of precipitation. Warm and dry autumn, snowless winter with long thaws, spring with temperature changes were observed during the growing season of 2017–2018. Autumn in the 2018–2019 vegetative season was cool. Winter was mild and snowless. Sharp changes in air temperature were observed in spring. There was a shortage of precipitation, however, heavy precipitation was noted later. Spot blotch of barley (Cochliobolus sativus (S. Ito & Kuribayashi) Drechs.), barley net blotch (Pyrenophora teres Drechsler.), powdery mildew of barley (Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer) and leaf rust of barley (Puccinia hordei G. H. Otth.) were detected in the pathogenic complex of the crop. Different types of leaf spots of barley dominated among the detected plant diseases. Intensive development of spot blotch was observed on winter barley crops in Kurganinsky (47.9 %), Dinsky (30.0 %), Novokubansky (28.3 %) and Vyselkovsky (26.3 %) districts, as well as in the Maykop district of the Republic of Adygea (28.3 %). Significant development of barley net blotch was recorded in Kushchevsky (33.5 %), Dinsky (30.8 %) and Novokubansky (29.2 %) districts. The level of powdery mildew development was low (up to 1 %) in all regions. Just a few cases of leaf rust of barley during three years of research were noted. The results of phytosanitary monitoring are presented in the form of electronic maps of the spread of winter barley diseases in the regions of the Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Adygea.

scholarly journals Influence of fertilization and fungicide on increasing the winter barley productivity

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
M. Matkovska
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Effi Ciency

The article represents the results of research for 2016–2018 in the condition of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The yield of winter barley obtained under various fungicide treatment and three diff erent fertilization dose rates of (N40P30K40, N80P60K80, N120P90K120) was compared in the study The influence of mineral fertilizers on the diseases development was studied along with fungicides application effi ciency for the following diseases of Wintmalt variety of winter barley: net blotch, powdery mildew, and spot blotch. Three major diseases were observed in barley crops during the research years: net blotch, powdery mildew and spot blotch. It has been established that increasing the level of fertilization contributes to the increase of disease development in barley crops. Thus, the highest level of net blotch (51.7 %), spot blotch (15.4 %) and powdery mildew (17.5 %) was observed on the variant of N120P90K120. High effi ciency of the studied fungicides was established. The highest technical effi cacy of the preparations was obtained on the variant of Systiva 1,5 l/t + Adexar Plus 1,0 l/ha in the stage of the fl ag leaf. The results of the studies showed that the highest yield (9.27 t/ha) of the Wintmalt variety of winter barley under the studied conditions was obtained on the variant of complete mineral fertilization N120P90K120 and the treatment of fungicide plant protection by Systiva 1.5 l/t (BBCH 00) + Adexar Plus (BBCH 39) 1.0 l/ha. The fungicide protection of Systiva applied to the seeds along with the pre-sowing treatment, ensured a yield increase of 0.64 t/ha, 0.68 t/ha and 0.77 t/ha on the N40P30K40, N80P60K80, N120P90K120 respectively. The highest yield increase compared to the control was obtained on the Systiva 1.5 l/t (BBCH 00) + Adexar Plus (BBCH 39) 1.31–1.69 t/ha depending on the dose rates of fertilization. Fungicide protection is recommended to apply to all the studied fertilizers dose rates, but the highest yield increase from the fungicides was obtained on N 120P90K120. Key words: winter barley, fungicide, Systiva, Abacus, Adexar Plus, disease, fertilizers, yield.

L’ORGE DE PRINTEMPS SOPHIE

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
C. A. ST-PIERRE ◽  
G. J. PELLETIER ◽  
J. P. DUBUC ◽  
H. R. KLINCK
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Breeder Seed ◽  
Late Maturity

In the Eastern Canada Co-op Barley test, Sophie has given an average yield of grain 1% higher than Mingo and Laurier, 3% higher than Bruce and 13% higher than Conquest. In the 1979 regional trials, it has given yields comparable to those of Loyola, the most widely grown cultivar in Quebec. From 295 comparisons with check cultivars, its yield was superior (P = 95%) in 23% of the comparisons, equal in 69% and inferior in 8% of the cases. This cultivar has also given higher yields than the checks in Western Canada. It is different mainly because of its late maturity. It is, on the average, 4 days later than the checks. It is also more resistant to lodging than Loyola and Laurier. Its straw strength is inferior to that of Bruce but almost equal to that of Conquest. Its weight per 1000 grains is higher than that of Conquest or Bruce, similar to that of Loyola or Mingo, and smaller than that of Laurier. It is moderately susceptible to powdery mildew. Bruce is, however, more resistant to this disease. Sophie had shown more resistance to leaf rust than the checks. It is also moderately susceptible to net blotch. This feed grain barley cultivar is a joint release between Laval University and the Agriculture Canada Research Station of Ste-Foy, Quebec. Breeder seed will be maintained by Université Laval at Ste-Foy.

scholarly journals Geostatistical Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Powdery Mildew and Leaf Rust in Wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 974-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Franke ◽  
Steffen Gebhardt ◽  
Gunter Menz ◽  
Hans-Peter Helfrich
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Spatiotemporal Dynamics ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Disease Spread

Plant diseases are dynamic systems that progress or regress in spatial and temporal dimensions. Site-specific or temporally optimized disease control requires profound knowledge about the development of each stressor. The spatiotemporal dynamics of leaf rust (Puccinia recondite f. sp. tritici) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) in wheat was analyzed in order to evaluate typical species-dependent characteristics of disease spread. During two growing seasons, severity data and other relevant plant growth parameters were collected in wheat fields. Spatial characteristics of both diseases were assessed by cluster analyses using spatial analysis by distance indices, whereas the temporal epidemic trends were assessed using statistical parameters. Multivariate statistics were used to identify parameters suitable for characterizing disease trends into four classes of temporal dynamics. The results of the spatial analysis showed that both diseases generally occurred in patches but a differentiation between the diseases by their spatial patterns and spread was not possible. In contrast, temporal characteristics allowed for a differentiation of the diseases, due to the fact that a typical trend was found for leaf rust which differed from the trend of powdery mildew. Therefore, these trends suggested a high potential for temporally optimized disease control. Precise powdery mildew control would be more complicated due to the observed high variability in spatial and temporal dynamics. The general results suggest that, in spite of the high variability in spatiotemporal dynamics, disease control that is optimized in space and time is generally possible but requires consideration of disease- and case-dependent characteristics.

Effects of incorporating straw, using different cultivation systems, and of burning it, on diseases of winter barley

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Jenkyn ◽  
R. J. Gutteridge ◽  
A. D. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Winter Barley ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Pseudocercosporella Herpotrichoides ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Barley Net Blotch ◽  
Take All

SUMMARYAn experiment at Rothamsted in 1985–89 and another at Whaddon in 1986 studied the effects of incorporating straw on diseases of winter barley. Net blotch (Pyrenophora teres) and leaf blotch (Rhynchosporium secalis) were initially less severe where straw was burnt or incorporated by ploughing than where cultivations only partially buried it. However, by summer both diseases were usually more severe where straw had been burnt than where it had been incorporated. At Whaddon, eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides) tended to be less severe in tine-cultivated plots where straw was incorporated than where it was burnt, but at Rothamsted, where the straw treatments were confounded with cultivations, there was no consistent effect. The disease was usually more severe where straw was incorporated by ploughing than where it was incorporated using other methods. In contrast, the severity of take-all was generally decreased by ploughing. Seedlings usually grew better where straw had been burnt rather than incorporated and grain yields were often larger. However, yields at Rothamsted in 1987 were unusually, and inexplicably, smaller after burning the straw so that the 5-year mean yields showed no significant differences between treatments.

scholarly journals Biotic stress factors in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes under various environmental conditions in Trakia Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
İ. Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Biotic Stress Factors

Abstract. Barley is an important crop in Trakia region, Turkey and due to various environmental factors it can suffer some biotic stress and yield loss in the region. This research was carried out in two locations (Edirne and Tekirdağ) of Trakia region during 2013-2014 growing year. The experiment was set up with 25 advanced genotypes in completely randomized blocks with four replications at two locations. Grain yield, plant height, days to heading, leaf rust, net blotch, powdery mildew and relationship among these characters were investigated. According to the results, there was significant difference among genotypes for grain yield, biotic stress factors and other characters. The mean grain yield of the genotypes was 6866 kg ha-1. TEA1619-11 had the highest grain yield with 7667 kg ha-1. TEA2311-19 (7593 kg ha-1) and Harman (7593 kg ha-1) were the other highest yielding genotypes. Due to various environmental conditions, there was significant difference between locations. Mean yield in Edirne location was 7841 kg ha-1 and in Tekirdağ location it was 5891 kg ha-1. TEA1619-8 and TEA1619-9 sister lines had the shortest plant height and early genotypes had higher grain yield. Net blotch (Pyrenophora teres f. teres) is the mainly prevalent disease in Trakya region. Leaf rust and powdery mildew had negative effect and decreased grain yield. TEA1619-12, TEA1619-17, TEA2311-19 and TEA1980-25 genotypes were resistant at both locations. TEA1980-25 was an outstanding line to net blotch, leaf rust and powdery mildew. It was determined that increase of net blotch had negative effect and decreased the grain yield in the genotypes.

scholarly journals IMMUNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE HULLED BARLEY COLLECTION ACCORDING TO ITS RESISTANCE TO LEAF DISEASES IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE ROSTOV REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
E. S. Doroshenko ◽  
Ed. S. Doroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Powdery Mildew Pathogen ◽  
Barley Net Blotch ◽  
Hulled Barley

In the conditions of artificial infectious background of the laboratory of plant immunity and protection (Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”) there has been conducted an immunologic estimation of hulled barley samples of ARIR collection. There has been estimated resistance to the following pathogens: powdery mildew (pathogen Erysiphegraminis f. hordei), barley net blotch (Pyrenophorateres (Died.) Drechsler [Drechslerateres (Sacc.) Shoemaker]) and barley dark-brown blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.), Shoemaker [Cochliobolussativus (S. Ito &Kurib) Drechsler ex Dastur, Helminthosporiumsativum Pammel, C.M. King & Bakke]). The study of disease manifestation was done in 2016–2017. The results allow estimating variety resistance in the extreme infectious conditions similar to epiphytotinous conditions. As a result there have been identified the samples ‘Dublet’ (Belorussia), ‘Omsky golozerny 1’ (Russia), ‘К-26648’ (Pakistan), ‘Back CDC’,’CDC VC Ywire’, ‘CDC Dawn’ (Canada), ‘К-3038’ (Dai Mai), ‘Orgeniepetite’ (France), ‘NB-OWA’ (Nepal) and others that showed resistance and slight susceptibility to powdery mildew. The samples ‘Back CDC’, ‘Bowman’ (Canada), ‘84469/70’, ‘К-303’ (Dai Mai), ‘Dublet’ (Belorussia), Brunее (Ethiopia), ‘Orgeniepetite’ (France) and others showed resistance to barley net blotch. The samples ‘Dublet’, ‘Omsky golozerny 1’,  ‘Omsky golozerny 2’, ‘Yudinsky 1’, ‘К-26648’, ‘84469/70’, ‘Orgeniepetite’, ‘CDC Dawn’, ‘NB-OWA’, ‘К-3038’, ‘CDC VC Ywire’, ‘E.E.B.N.46’ demonstrated a complex resistance to both pathogens and they are recommended for use in the breeding programs on immunity.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of spring barley varieties to fungal diseases and their economic value under chemical control

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Verikaitė ◽  
Jūratė Ramanauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Yield Increase

Studies on disease susceptibility of spring barley varieties important for the Lithuanian market were carried out at the Department of Plant Pathology and Protection of the Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2017–2019. The study is aimed to compare susceptibility of spring barley varieties grown in Lithuania to fungal diseases. The experiment was installed in a two-lane block: one lane was sprayed with fungicides and other lane was sprayed with fungicides two times. During the study years, powdery mildew, net blotch, spot blotch, ramularia leaf spot and leaf rust occurred in spring barley. Powdery mildew was the most prevalent in the variety ‘Grace’ – the AUDPC index of powdery mildew was on average 186.17, while in the least damaged variety, ‘Rusnė DS’, it averaged 0.48. The intensity of net blotch in the variety ‘RGT Planet’ was 1.38%, several times higher compared to that of the most resistant variety ‘Ema DS’ – 0.30%. The average intensity of spot blotch was 2% in the variety ‘Propino’, which was the most severely affected, and only 0.24% in the least affected variety ‘Luokė’. The application of fungicides resulted in the highest yield increase (1 t ha–1) in the spring barley variety ‘Luokė’.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document