scholarly journals New sources of powdery mildew resistance among winter bread wheat for adjusting the breeding immunological programs in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Т. G. Derova ◽  
N. V. Shishkin ◽  
О. S. Kononenko
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Systematic work on the development of winter wheat varieties possessing resistance to a complex of the most harmful diseases has been carried out in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” since the early 1970s. During this period, there has been created a large number of varieties that possess resistance to 3–4 diseases in conditions of infectious backgrounds of pathogens. Due to the analysis of varieties, there was identified a small number of varieties resistant to powdery mildew. Powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis (DC) Speer, annually occurs on wheat, affecting all aboveground plant organs. Earlier the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” developed and widely cultivated the medium-resistant varieties ‘Tanais’ (2006), ‘Nakhodka’ (2015), ‘Etyud’, ‘Shef’, ‘Lilit’ (2016), ‘Volnitsa’ (2017), ‘Polina’, Yubiley Dona’ , ‘Podarok Krymu’ (2018), ‘Niva Dona’ (2019). In recent years, breeders have developed such varieties with high resistance to the pathogen as ‘Donskaya Step’ (2016), ‘Premiera’, ‘Univer’ (2018), ‘Priazovye’, ‘Zolotoy Kolos’ (2020). But the breeding process of varieties for resistance to powdery mildew is difficult, since it is explained by the small number of effective resistance genes and their sources. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to identify new sources of resistance to the pathogen. Under the conditions of artificial infection, during last 10 years there was conducted a testing of 302 varieties and samples of winter wheat of domestic and foreign breeding. There have not been identified immune varieties. There was identified a small percentage (15.2) of varieties that were resistant to the pathogen. Among the Russian varieties they were ‘L 3191 k-5-8’, ‘Akhmat’, ‘Alievich’, ‘Barier’, ‘Ulyasha’, ‘Knyaginya Olga’, which were not attacked by the disease over the years of testing. Among foreign varieties, the varieties ‘Bombus’, ‘Sailor’ (France), ‘Etana’, ‘Rotax’, ‘KVS-Emil’ (Germany), ‘Fidelius’ (Austria), ‘MV 09-04’ (Hungary) were identified as the best ones in their resistance to powdery mildew. All identified sources of resistance have been recommended in breeding programs for immunity.

scholarly journals Features of the winter bread wheat varieties of unified type developed by the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
М. М. Ivanisov ◽  
D. M. Marchenko ◽  
E. I. Nekrasov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits

The current paper has presented the characteristics of the new winter bread wheat varieties of unified type developed by the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. Winter wheat is the most valuable grain food crop grown in vast areas. Breeding plays an important role in increasing production volume and improving grain quality as the basis of the country’s food fund. Expanding grain crops area, among which wheat predominates, there is a problem of crop rotation. Therefore, the development of unified varieties capable of producing stable high grain yields after various forecrops is one of the most urgent areas of breeding work for winter bread wheat. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the new winter bread wheat varieties of unified type developed by the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” according to the main economically valuable traits. Due to the intensive breeding work over the past decade, on the basis of some of the best zoned varieties ‘Ermak’, ‘Stanichnaya’, ‘Donskoy syurpriz’ there was developed a number of new promising genotypes, which are already being used in production sowings of winter wheat in the Rostov region and other regions of our country. The new winter bread wheat varieties of unified type ‘Lydia’, ‘Kapitan’, ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Volnitsa’, ‘Volny Don’, ‘Zhavoronok’ and ‘Polina’ are more productive than their parental forms. In combination with grain of high quality, resistance to bio and abiotic environmental factors, they are very valuable, beneficial for cultivation and improvement of the production of commercial wheat grain of high quality.

scholarly journals Immunological characteristics of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens in the right-bank Forest Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
L. Golosna ◽  
O. G. Afanasieva ◽  
O.V. Shevchuk ◽  
L.O. Kucherova ◽  
I.S. Shvets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. To determine the resistance of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens, to establish their stability and plasticity, to identify perspective sources of resistance. Methods. Laboratory – production of inoculum of pathogens; field – artificial inoculation,, assessment of variety stability; statistical calculation of disease severity, indicators of stability and plasticity. Results. In 2015–2017, the resistance of 43 varieties of winter wheat to the main pathogens of leaf diseases, common bunt and root rots was assessed. Resistance to powdery mildew was found in 32 varieties, tan spot – in 2, root rot – in 3, hard smut – in 2 varieties. Six varieties of winter wheat were characterized by group resistance. Varieties that combine high plasticity and stability of the sign of disease resistance have been identified. Conclusions. Valuable sources of resistance are winter wheat varieties with group resistance to common bunt and powdery mildew – Tradytsiia Odeska and Kurs; powdery mildew and tan spot – Nasnaga and Zolotonozhka; powdery mildew and root rot – Nezabudka and Shchedrist kyivska.Keywords: resistance, winter wheat, diseases, plasticity, stability.

scholarly journals Identification of sources of winter barley resistance to smut (Ustilago hordei)

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
N. V. Shishkin ◽  
T. G. Derova ◽  
E. S. Doroshenko ◽  
O. S. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Barley ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Ustilago Hordei ◽  
Barley Resistance

The current paper presents the 3-year assessment results of domestic and foreign winter barley varieties and lines for smut resistance. The smut pathogen in the Rostov region causes one of the most harmful diseases, which, in addition to direct crop losses (head destruction), causes the so-called hidden losses, which can several times exceed direct ones. An effective way to counteract the disease is to cultivate resistant varieties, and farmers need the reliable sources of resistance to the pathogen. The immunological properties of winter barley varieties were studied in an infectious nursery (2016–2018). Seed infection with spores was carried out by S. Dimitrov’s method (1968) using a nutrient medium. Inoculated seeds were sown at the end of the optimal time. There was estimated a number of infected stems. The variety “Dobrynya 3” was used as a susceptible test-variety, which percentage of infection throughout the years ranged from 20.6 to 71.8%. There were studied 115 domestic and foreign varieties and lines. Among 69 domestic commercial varieties and breeding lines, 11 ones (15.9%) showed good resistance, 21 ones (30.4%) showed weak susceptibility, 30 ones (43.5%) possessed average susceptibility and seven varieties (10.1%) were severely affected by the pathogen. Among foreign varieties, resistance to barley smut has been established in seven German varieties, in three French varieties, in two Swiss varieties, one Czech variety and one Ukrainian variety. The varieties “Rocca”, “Nixe” (Germany), “Metelitsa” (Ukraine) are classified as the best ones in resistance to the pathogen during the artificial infection. The French variety “18513 ЕН11” had no affected plants during the study and was identified as an immune variety. The identified sources of winter barley resistance to smut are recommended for use in breeding programs for immunity.

scholarly journals The study of indices of the relative and absolute protein percentage in the winter bread wheat grain

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
O A Nekrasova ◽  
N S Kravchenko ◽  
E I Nekrasov
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Abstract The aim of the research was to evaluate the relative and absolute protein content in winter wheat grains, to determine the samples that have the maximum values of the studied traits, and to use the selected genotypes in breeding programs. The trials of the winter bread wheat varieties, sown after maize for grain were carried out in 2018-2020. The objects of the study were 13 winter bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) developed in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The current research established that when selecting parental varieties for crossing to improve grain quality of winter bread wheat varieties, there should be chosen the forms with the highest relative and absolute protein percentage in grain. These genotypes include Don 107, Ermak and Lidiya, whose relative protein percentage in grain was 12.96%, 13.01% and 13.06% respectively. The varieties Don 107, Ermak, Lidiya, Volnitsa and Zhavoronok were characterized by the maximum absolute protein percentage in grain with 5.43 g, 5.62 g, 5.57 g, 5.56 g and 5.54 g respectively. The 1000 grain weight of these varieties averaged 42.1 g (Don 107), 43.6 g (Ermak), 43.1 g (Lidiya), 43.5 g (Volnitsa) and 44.5 g (Zhavoronok).

scholarly journals Productivity and adaptability of winter bread wheat varieties developed by the SSE “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»” in the southern part of the Rostov region

2021 ◽  
Vol 2(26) ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
V.L. Chernova ◽  
◽  
S.V. Podgorny ◽  
O.V. Skripka ◽  
A.P. Samofalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Study Results

The current paper has presented the results of a five-year (2016–2020) study of nine winter bread wheat varieties (‘Aksinya’, ‘Nakhodka’, ‘Etyud’, ‘Shef’, ‘Donskaya Step’, ‘Yubiley Dona’, ‘Univer’, ‘Zodiak’, ‘Ermak’ – standard) developed in the SSE “Agricultural Research Center «Donskoy»” (city of Zernograd). In the competitive variety testing, they were scrutinized according to productivity, its elements, ecological stability, adaptability and breeding value. The purpose was to study the new winter bread wheat varieties of intensive type developed by the ARC “Donskoy” on productivity, adaptability and their indicators, as well as a balance between them, in order to identify new promising genotypes. According to the study results, it has been found that the average productivity was 9.32 t/ha in 2016–2020. The highest productivity was identified in the varieties ‘Univer’ (9.86 t/ha) and ‘Donskaya Step’ (9.76 t/ha). Structural analysis of the studied varieties has shown that their productivity was formed due to such elements as ‘productive plant density’ (variety ‘Shef’); ‘productive tilling capacity’ (variety ‘Etyud’); ‘number of spikelets per head’ (variety ‘Univer’); ‘number of kernels per head’ (variety ‘Ermak’); ‘1000-grain weight’ (variety ‘Zodiak’). While studying the varieties according to general adaptive capacity, such varieties as ‘Zodiak’ (0.10), ‘Donskaya Step’ (0.44) and ‘Univer’ (0.54) have been identified. Varieties ‘Yubiley Dona’ (1.07), ‘Donskaya Step’ (1.06), ‘Univer’ (1.05) and standard variety ‘Ermak’ (1.02) were found highly adaptable to environmental conditions, i.e. these varieties positively respond to the improvement of growing conditions and belong to the varieties of intensive type. Variety ‘Etyud’ (0.03) has demonstrated the maximum stability over the years of study, ‘Univer’ (0.60) and ‘Ermak’ (0.17) turned to be less stable. In our trials, all varieties had a breeding value almost at the same level, ranging from 5.10 (‘Ermak’) to 5.96 (‘Donskaya Step’). Taking into account the complex of such indicators as general adaptive capacity, stability and breeding value, varieties ‘Donskaya Step’ and ‘Univer’ can be referred to as the most adaptive ones among all studied in the current work.

scholarly journals The changes of adaptability and productivity of the winter bread wheat varieties in arid conditions according to the stages of variety changing

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Е. V. Ionova ◽  
V. А. Likhovidova ◽  
V. L. Gaze
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Drought Resistant

The current paper has presented the study results on the change of adaptability to water and temperature stresses and the value of productivity according to the stages of variety changing. There have been selected 13 winter bread wheat varieties developed in the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. It was found that the varieties of the first stages of the variety changing (I–IV stage, 1950–1989) practically did not differ in the degree of drought tolerance and the value of productivity of winter bread wheat. In this regard, there was carried out an analysis of changes in the adaptability of winter wheat varieties starting from the V stage of the variety changing. The degree of drought tolerance increased from the weakly-medium drought-resistant varieties (37.4–51%) belonging to the V stage of the variety changing to highly drought-resistant samples (80.4–93.3%) belonging to the VII stage of the variety changing. There was a significant productivity increase of the winter bread wheat varieties zoned from 2010 to 2019 (the VII stage of the variety changing). The largest number of stomata per unit of leaf area in the V stage of the variety changing was identified in the variety ‘Don 95’ (12.2 pcs/mm2). In the VI stage of the variety changing, the largest value of this indicator was identified in the variety ‘Don 105’ (18.8 pcs/mm2), and in the variety ‘Krasa Dona’ (26.9 pcs/mm2) in the VII stage of the variety changing. The dry weight of roots of the varieties of the V stage of the variety changing varied from 1.18 (the variety ‘Donshchina’) to 1.41 g (the variety ‘Don 95’), while in varieties of the VI stage this indicator varied from 1.97 (the variety ‘Donskoy Mayak’) to 2.29 g (the variety ‘Don 105’), and the largest dry weight of roots was identified at the VII stage of the variety changing and ranged from 2.34 (the variety ‘Don 107’) to 2.79 (the variety ‘Asket’). The same regularity was established for the change in the amount of roots according to the stages of variety changing.

scholarly journals Occurrence of spackled yellows agent of winter wheat. Pyrenophora triticirepentis in the Republic of Belarus and selection of sources of increased resistance to pathogen

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191
Author(s):  
Yu. K. Shashko ◽  
M. V. Podorskiy
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Wheat Leaves

 From the point of view of economic efficiency and environmental impact in the country, the most profitable way to fight the Pyrenophora tritici-repentis agent is creation of highly resistant varieties, which is relevant and important in increasing crop gross yield and ensuring food security in the country. Pyrenophorosis (spackled yellows) is a relatively new disease of winter wheat in the Republic of Belarus. No aimed researches for occurrence monitoring, predominant racial composition, biological peculiarities of pathogen, search for resistance sources in the country were carried out, which collectively determined the relevance of the research topic. The paper presents results of study of spackled yellows agent occurrence of winter wheat leaves in the Republic of Belarus (2016-2018), as well as racial composition. Route examinations revealed disease in all the areas of the country, which indicates a potentially high risk of this disease. Analysis of racial composition showed that race No. 8 of spackled yellows pathogen prevails on the territory of the Republic of Belarus, No. 1 and No. 6 races occur insignificantly. Laboratory experiments were conducted to identify the best artificial nutrient medium, exposure at low temperatures to stimulate the pathogen sporulation in order to obtain high-quality inoculum necessary for artificial infection. Against background of artificial infection, the world and Belarusian collections of winter wheat were analyzed for resistance to pyrenophorosis Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (283 and 47 pieces, respectively). For three years of estimation, 28 variety samples of winter wheat with increased resistance to the disease were allocated from the world collection and 19 variety samples - from the Belarusian collection. It was determined that the greatest number of resistant samples to spackled yellows of winter wheat leaves come from Europe and Belarus in particular. Acknowledgments. Research was conducted as part of the state program of scientific research for 2016–2020 “Quality and efficiency of agro-industrial production”, subprogram “Agriculture and Selection”, task 6.13 “Study of species diversity of winter wheat of various ecological and geographical origin and identification of sources of resistance to the main pathogens”. 

scholarly journals Isolation of sources of resistance of winter wheat samples to the group of pathogens as a component of immunological protection of plants

2017 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
L. Golosna ◽  
O. Afanasieva ◽  
G. Lisova ◽  
L. Kucherova
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Immunological Protection ◽  
Group Resistance

In 2014—2016 on the artificial infectious background of the pathogens of Septoria leaf blotch, leaf rust and bunt, and on the natural background of powdery mildew and root rot, the stability of the collection of cultivars of winter wheat of different ecological and geographical origin was assessed. Perspective sources of group resistance to pathogens are identified to powdery mildew and root rot — Midas (Austria); to pathogens of powdery mildew and bunt — Radiance (Ukraine), Miranda (Romania), F94578G3-1/Bucur // Delabrad (Romania); to leaf rust and root rot — Mukhran (Germany) and Mv17/Zrn (Iran). To the pathogen Septoria leaf bloth of winter wheat resistant varieties is not detected.

scholarly journals Productivity and adaptability parameters of the winter bread wheat varieties developed at the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in the southern part of the Rostov region

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
V. L. Chernova ◽  
S. V. Podgorny ◽  
О. V. Skripka
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Growing Conditions

The current paper has presented the three year study results (2017-2019) of the 11 winter bread wheat varieties in a competitive variety testing for productivity, environmental stability and adaptability. The purpose of the current study was to assess the ecological adaptability and stability of the winter bread wheat varieties developed at the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in the southern part of the Rostov region. According to the data, it was found that the average productivity for 2017-2019 was 9.72 t/ha. The highest productivity was obtained in the varieties ‘Razdolye', ‘Donskaya Stepp' and ‘Univer'. In the current study the varieties ‘Razdolye' (1.26), ‘Univer' (1.09) and the standard variety ‘Ermak' (1.06) were characterized with great ecological adaptability, these varieties positively responded to the improvement of growing conditions and belonged to the varieties of intensive type. The two varieties ‘Yubiley Dona' and ‘Rubin Dona' with a regression coefficient of 1.00 were the most adaptable ones, their productivity change precisely corresponded to the changes in growing conditions. The maximum stability over the years was shown by the variety ‘Etude' (0.00). The study has proved that the highest stress resistance was demonstrated by the variety ‘Etude' (-4.14), the other varieties have shown middle values of the trait. The maximum value of genetic flexibility was identified in the varieties ‘Razdolye' (10.09), ‘Univer' (9.58) and ‘Donskaya Stepp' (9.53). The highest homeostatic indices were identified in the varieties ‘Shef' (Hom = 10.09), ‘Etude' (Hom = 9.58), ‘Donskaya Stepp' (Hom = 9.53). Taking into consideration the complex of such indicators as adptability, stability and homeostaticity, the varieties ‘Donskaya Stepp' and ‘Univer' can be charged as the most adaptive varieties among all studied.

scholarly journals The results of breeding work with the winter bread wheat for non-fallow forecrops in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
D. M. Marchenko ◽  
M. M. Ivanisov ◽  
I. A. Rybas’ ◽  
E. I. Nekrasov ◽  
I. V. Romanyukina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Variety Testing

The breeding work with the winter bread wheat in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” is being carried out taking into account the increasing aridity of the local climate, the availability of different soil and climatic zones, various forecrops. Every year in the Rostov region there is an increase in the sown area under winter wheat. So, in 2020 the grain crop was sown on more than 2.6 million hectares. Most of it is sown after such non-fallow forecrops as peas, maize, sunflower and other crops. In this regard, it is important to develop and introduce into production winter bread wheat varieties based according to these forecrops. The laboratory for breeding and seed production of winter bread wheat of half-intensive type was established in 1978. For the period from 1978 to 2019, 36 varieties were developed in the laboratory and sent to the State Variety Testing. The main task of the crop breeding for non-fallow forecrops was and still remains to develop highly productive varieties with high frost resistance, drought resistance, heat resistance, resistance to major diseases and grain quality of strong and valuable wheat. In 2020 22 winter bread wheat varieties, developed in the laboratory, have been included into the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation. Currently five winter bread wheat varieties ‘Polina’, ‘Ambar’, ‘Niva Dona’, ‘Podarok Krymu’ and ‘Premiera’ are undergoing the State Variety Testing. There is still going on the work on the development of new winter bread wheat varieties that meet modern production requirements, with a wide ecological adaptability and stability of productivity and quality of grain and flour.

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