Black Families and Black Identity Development: Rediscovering the Distinction Between Self-esteem and Reference Group Orientation

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Black Identity ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Black Families ◽  
Group Orientation

scholarly journals Μια σύντομη εκδοχή του Ego Identity Process Questionnaire (EIPQ-SF): έλεγχος των ψυχομετρικών χαρακτηριστικών σε νεαρούς/ές ενήλικες

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Γεωργία Διαμαντοπούλου ◽  
Μαρία Πλατσίδου
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Ego Identity ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Identity Statuses ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Short Versions

In the last two decades, there has been a growing interest in short versions of questionnaires for measuring several psychological constructs. Focusing on identity development, in the present study, we extracted and tested the psychometric properties of the EIPQ-SF, a short version of the EIPQ scale for measuring identity according to Marcia’s identity statuses (achieved, foreclosed, moratorium and diffused identity). The data of our study derived from a sample of 210 college students aged 18-25 years. For extracting the EIPQ-SF, we first tested the content of the items of the original EIPQ and then we performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. We evaluated the predictive validity of the EIPQ-SF by comparing the levels of self-esteem among participants with achieved, foreclosed, moratorium and diffused identity. The results of our study indicate that EIPQ-SF has a good factor structure and adequate validity and reliability; therefore, it can be used as a short scale for measuring identity in typical samples of young adults (university students). The advantages, applications as well as the limitations of the EIPQ-SF are thoroughly discussed.

The Development of Implicit Self-Esteem During Emerging Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqi Wang ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Hairong Song ◽  
Mingzheng Wu ◽  
Huajian Cai
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
First Year ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
First Order ◽  
The University

Emerging adulthood is one of the most important life stages for self and identity development. The present research tracked the development of implicit self-esteem during emerging adulthood at both the group and individual levels. We used the implicit association test to assess implicit self-esteem with the improved D score as the index. We surveyed 327 students each year from the beginning of their first year of university until their graduation, with an extra assessment run in the middle of the first year. First-order autoregressive structural equation modeling indicated that implicit self-esteem remained quite stable during the university years in terms of rank-order stability. Latent growth modeling showed that implicit self-esteem decreased slightly during the university years with females initially manifesting a higher level. These findings enrich our understanding of implicit self-esteem and its development as well as self-construction during emerging adulthood.

Feminist Identity Development Measures

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Moradi ◽  
Linda Mezydlo Subich
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Feminist Identity ◽  
Female Therapist ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Feminist Identity Development ◽  
Acceptable Internal Consistency

Reliability and validity of three current instruments (Feminist Identity Scale [FIS], Feminist Identity Development Scale [FIDS]J Feminist Identity Composite [FIC]) used to operationalize Downing and Roush's model of feminist identity development were compared. A sample of 245 women completed all three instruments, and a separate sample of 35 women repeated them over a 2-week interval. Only the FIC had acceptable internal consistency reliability for all subscales. Subscale stability for all instruments generally was moderate, except for Active Commitment. Subscale relations with perceived sexist events, self-esteem, social desirability, and preference for a male or female therapist generally were supportive of discriminant and convergent validity for all instruments. Content validity based on three judges' item evaluations suggested the FIDS fared best overall Finally, confirmatory factor analysis procedures did not support definitively the structural validity of any of the instruments, but trends suggested the FIC, and perhaps the FIDS, were superior to the FIS.

scholarly journals The Impact of the 1970s on Black Identity Development: An Analysis of Psychosocial and Black Existential Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Sewell
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Black People ◽  
Black Identity ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Black Consciousness ◽  
Existential Approach ◽  
The Impact

With the killing of George Floyd in 2020 and the subsequent focus on black existence, itis perhaps timely to revisit a previous historical period – the 1970s which saw theemergence of the civil rights movement and the transformation of black consciousness and identity.Both psychosocial and existential theories highlight the relationship between context and the development of identity. Drawing on the work of Erikson, Cross describes stages of identity development from negro to black which he originally related to the historical context of the black consciousness period of the 1970s but later, developed into a tool to measure black identity. This model depicts identity as developing in fixed stages with objective and measurable characteristics. The black existential approach focuses on the construction of identity within a context shaped by an individual’s experiences. Black existential philosophy aims to explore how different black experiences shape different manifestations of black identity construction. This articlereviews these two perspectives. I conclude that the black existential perspective produces richer knowledge about the existence of black people. Using the example ofhow second generation British born black Jamaicans constructed their identity during the 1970s, it is possible to see how this construction was shaped by their lived experiences in Britain at this time.

scholarly journals Extracurricular Participation, Collective Self-Esteem, and Academic Outcomes Among College Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-326
Author(s):  
Casey A. Knifsend ◽  
Leigh A. Green ◽  
Kathryn L. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Grade Point Average ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Collective Self Esteem

Participating in extracurricular activities during college has been linked with positive peer relations and academic success (e.g., Astin, 1984; Stuart et al., 2011). Yet, less research has focused on identity development and collective self-esteem within extracurricular activities, or whether such positive attitudes about one’s activity membership are associated with academic outcomes. In the current study, analyses focused primarily on those who were in at least one activity (n = 109), who reported on friendships within their activity, perceptions of interdependence among members, and collective self-esteem within their activity, as well as their feelings of belonging on campus and grade point average. Regression analyses suggested that having friends in one’s activity (β = .33, p = .001) and higher interdependence (β = .51, p < .001) predicted higher collective self-esteem, with a total adjusted R2 = .44. In turn, greater collective self-esteem was associated marginally with higher feelings of belonging (β = .20, p = .07, adjusted R2 = .07) and grade point average for those in fraternities or sororities (interaction β = .34, p = .006; adjusted R2 = .17; simple slope for Greek organizations: β = .42, p = .07). These findings underscore the importance of considering different dimensions of extracurricular involvement (i.e., both whether one is involved, as well as positive feelings about one’s activity), and provide recommendations to student affairs professionals as to how activities may be structured to promote optimal outcomes during college.

scholarly journals Psychosocial factors associated with occupation: A comparative study between brick kiln and grocery workers

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Seshananda Sanjel ◽  
Sanjay N. Khanal ◽  
Ajay Risal ◽  
Steven M. Thygerson ◽  
Sunil K. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Brick Kiln ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
The Social

Background: Psychosocial factors, like physical, chemical and biological factors, are also the potential hazards. But, psychological factors, such as stress, are not mentioned in every kinds of occupation.  Some important psychosocial manifestations found among the workers in previous studies were headache, depression, frustration, worry, low self-esteem, boredom and lack of sleep. Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate and psychosocial factors that are associated with occupational factor between brick kiln workers and grocery workers. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu Valley during February-March 2015 i, targeting all the brick kiln workers. Firstly, all the registered the brick kilns (106 in number) were visited to form the potential sampling frame. Multi-stage probability proportionate to size sampling was applied to select 400 brick kiln workers from 16 brick kilns who had been working there for more than two years. An equal size unmatched reference group was maintained from the grocery workers. Interviews were conducted by trained health workers. Data was entered in the Microsoft (MS) excel and was transferred into the International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics 21 was used to perform analysis. Both descriptive and (mean, median and inter-quartile range) and inferential (Mann Whitney U test) statistics were computed. The level of significance was set at <0.05. Results: Nearly 20.0% of exposed workers were <19 years of age among which slightly above three fifth achieved primary education. Almost 40% of brick kiln workers were ever smokers. Positive factors of psychosocial and emotional functioning were lower and negative factors were higher among brick kiln workers. The parameters of relationships such as self-esteem, stress and personal agency and the parameters of emotions like emotional, somatic, chronic fear, anxiety, hopelessness, helplessness, abuse and mal-treatment were better and significantly better respectively, in the reference group than the exposed group.  However, the social factor was significantly poor among the reference group i.e. the grocery workers as observed while conducting Mann Whitney U test at p<0.05 level. Conclusion: Among most of the parameters, brick kiln workers' psychosocial functioning was significantly poorer than the grocery workers. Providing formal and/or non-formal education as well as raising awareness about the deleterious effects of the exposure to brick kiln workers  should be recommended.

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