Tocqueville in Sweden

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Richard Swedberg
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
The 19Th Century

If a non-Swedish observer was asked to hazard a guess if Tocqueville had influenced Swedish political, cultural and intellectual life, she would probably answer that this would be quite unlikely, given the strong position of colleetivistic ideologies in this country.1 This answer is both correct and incorrect, as I shall try to show in this brief note which attempts to add to our knowledge of the reception of Tocqueville in Europe — a genre that was initiated by Francoisc Mélonio in Tocqueville et les Français in 1993. During the 19th century Tocqueville’s ideas were well known in political as well as cultural and intellectual circles in Sweden. During the 20th century, on the other hand, the interest more or less disappeared, although there exist some signs of a recent revival, set off by a new translation of De la démocratie en Amérique in 1997 (L’Ancien régime has never been translated into Swedish).

scholarly journals PEMIKIRAN JAMALUDDIN AL-AFGHANI (JAMAL AD-DIN AL-AFGHANI) (1838 – 1897 M)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Akmal Hawi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The 19th century to the 20th century is a moment in which Muslims enter a new gate, the gate of renewal. This phase is often referred to as the century of modernism, a century where people are confronted with the fact that the West is far ahead of them. This situation made various responses emerging, various Islamic groups responded in different ways based on their Islamic nature. Some respond with accommodative stance and recognize that the people are indeed doomed and must follow the West in order to rise from the downturn. Others respond by rejecting anything coming from the West because they think it is outside of Islam. These circles believe Islam is the best and the people must return to the foundations of revelation, this circle is often called the revivalists. One of the figures who is an important figure in Islamic reform, Jamaluddin Al-Afghani, a reformer who has its own uniqueness, uniqueness, and mystery. Departing from the division of Islamic features above, Afghani occupies a unique position in responding to Western domination of Islam. On the one hand, Afghani is very moderate by accommodating ideas coming from the West, this is done to improve the decline of the ummah. On the other hand, however, Afghani appeared so loudly when it came to the question of nationality or on matters relating to Islam. As a result, Afghani traces his legs on two different sides, he is a modernist but also a fundamentalist. 

scholarly journals Sælsomme beretninger i lægen og anatomen Thomas Bartholins skrifter

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Jesper Brandt Andersen
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lymph Vessels ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The One ◽  
Scientific Judgment ◽  
The 19Th Century

Jesper Brandt Andersen: Curious case reports in the works of the Danish physician and anatomist Thomas Bartholin Scattered through the voluminous authorship of the Danish physician and anatomist Thomas Bartholin (1616–1680), famous for his discovery of the lymph vessels in the early 1650s, case reports can be found, for which Bartholin was criticized and accused for verbosity and lack of scientific judgment by contemporary scholars and later medical historians. In this article 15 such case reports, mainly from the work Historiarum Anatomicarum Rariorum 1654–1661, are presented, analyzed and perspectivated. It is concluded, that much of the criticism, especially the one submitted by the posteriority and especially during the era of positivism by the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century and the one concerning observations made by Bartholin himself, is unjustified. When practising science himself Bartholin felt responsible for reproducing his observations correctly and trustworthy, and he was not satisfied by making conclusions on the basis of knowledge handed over by others. The author of this article has not succeded in finding one single example indicating that Bartholin doesn’t reproduce his own observations correctly and truthfully. On the other hand there are in his authorship numerous examples of case reports originating from others, which he either didn’t believe himself or at least doubted. When he published case reports originating from other people, he didn’t feel responsible for the truthfulness. His purpose bringing these case reports was to present his reader for new and interesting matter, to entertain his reader, to arouse his reader’s curiosity and to challenge his reader’s own judgment. Thomas Bartholin was one of the most excellent, diligent and passionate intermediaries of scientific matter of his time, and as a scientist he was characterized by openness. Often he was among the first to recognize, verify and publish new knowledge.

scholarly journals ISLAM, PEREMPUAN DAN PENDIDIKAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Mujiburrahman Mujiburrahman
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Women In Islam ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Liberal Philosophy ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article will discuss various viewpoints on the issues affecting women in Islam, and how they influence the views regarding women education. Their views generally can be divided into conservative, progressive and philosophical. All these views, in general, regard that like men, women are obliged to search for knowledge. In Indonesia, since the 19th century, women have already been involved in learning religion. However, for some cultural reasons, in this period, the access for women to modern education was still limited. On the other hand, from the 20th century up to now, like male Muslims, Indonesian female Muslim have more opportunies in education. Moreover, the symbolic-philosophy of complementary relations between male and female can also become an alternative to conservative or liberal philosophy of education

scholarly journals Das Enträtseln der Zelleinschlüsse

Gesnerus ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 249-269
Author(s):  
Peter Diosi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Cellular Defense ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the middle of the 19th century cell inclusions were observed with increasing frequency in more and more diseases and were closely scrutinized by researchers working in different fields. Because of their distinct viewpoints, however, the various authors came inevitably to different conclusions. The morphologists interpreted the inclusions as artefacts or degenerative changes, the etiologists, on the other hand, took them for pathogenic protozoa, for cellular lesions inflicted by invisible agents or, conversely - for aggregated products of the cellular defense. Various morphological, parasitological and bacteriological methods have been used to clear up the pros and cons of these hypotheses. It was the rapid progress realized in virology at the middle of the 20th century that finally brought to light their real significance.

scholarly journals The background and research potential of the first Selkup books by N. P. Grigorovskij

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-190
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Verb Conjugation ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Different Sources

This article aims to explain why the dialectal identification of the Selkup texts compiled by Nikolaj Grigorovskij in the 19th century is still open. It also provides preliminary results on the isoglosses within the Southern dialectal group and strategies on how to address this problem. In order to advance the research, the first Selkup books of the 19th century (1879) have been converted into a digital annotated corpus of texts. Their analysis has revealed language features which, on the one hand, are accurately verified by Selkup material of the 20th century (on the example of the verb conjugation and the noun declension paradigms and the main Selkup isoglosses identified by Helimski. On the other hand, it has shown that the dialectal phenomena are insufficiently described. The article also gives the combined variant of Grigorovskij’s biography existing as fragments in different sources. Kokkuvõte. Nadežda Fedotova: Esimeste N. P. Grigorovski sölkupi raamatute taust ja teaduslik potentsiaal. Siinse artikli eesmärk on välja selgitada, miks on siiani lahtine 19. sajandil Nikolaj Grigorovski poolt kogutud sölkupi tekstide murdeline määratlus. Ka annab artikkel esmased tulemused isoglosside piiride kohta lõuna-sölkupi murdegrupis ja pakub strateegiaid sellele probleemile lähenemiseks. Uurimisteema arendamiseks on esmalt esimesed 19. sajandi sölkupi raamatud (1879) viidud digitaalse tekstikorpuse kujule. Tekstianalüüs on välja toonud keelelised tunnused, mida ühest küljest kinnitavad ka 20. sajandi sölkupi materjalid (seda verbi pöördeliste ja noomenite käändeliste paradigmade põhjal ning põhiliste sölkupi isoglosside põhjal, mille on välja toonud Helimski 2004). Teisalt aga näitab analüüs, et murdelised nähtused on ebapiisavalt kirjeldatud. Artikkel sisaldab ka erinevates allikates esinevatest fragmentidest kokku kombineeritud varianti Grigorovski bibliograafiast. Аннотация. Надежда Федотова: История и перспектива исследования первых книг на селькупском языке Н. П. Григоровского. Целью статьи является выявление причин, в связи с которыми проблема определения диалектной принадлежности первых селькупских текстов, собранных в XIX веке Николаем Григоровским, остается открытой. В статье даны предварительные варианты изоглосс, позволяющие отличить южную диалектную группу селькупского языка от других диалектных групп. С тем чтобы углубить исследование, первые селькупские книги XIX века (1879) были оцифрованы и преобразованы в аннотированный корпус текстов. Анализ на основе данного корпуса позволил обнаружить языковые явления, которые, с одной стороны, точно совпадают с селькупскими материалами, зафиксированными в XX веке (на примере парадигм спряжения селькупских глаголов и склонения существительных, а также с основными изоглоссами, предложенными Хелимским [Xelimskij 2004]). С другой стороны, они демонстрируют диалектные явления, которые недостаточно подробно описаны в литературе. В статье также предложена наиболее полная версия биографии Григоровского как компиляция из различных источников.

scholarly journals Kant, Nietzsche and the idealization of friendship into nihilism

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (128) ◽  
pp. 401-417
Author(s):  
Paul van Tongeren
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Literary Imagination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Articles Of Faith ◽  
The 19Th Century

Is friendship still possible under nihilistic conditions? Kant and Nietzsche are important stages in the history of the idealization of friendship, which leads inevitably to the problem of nihilism. Nietzsche himself claims on the one hand that only something like friendship can save us in our nihilistic condition, but on the other hand that precisely friendship has been unmasked and become impossible by these very conditions. It seems we are struck in the nihilistic paradox of not being allowed to believe in the possibility of what we cannot do without. Literary imagination since the 19th century seems to make us even more skeptical. Maybe Beckett provides an illustration of a way out that fits well to Nietzsche's claim that only "the most moderate, those who do not require any extreme articles of faith" will be able to cope with nihilism.

Marcas de ideología religiosa en la lexicografía decimonónica

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-222
Author(s):  
María Martínez-Atienza
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Ideology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract In this paper we analyze the religious ideology present in four dictionaries of Spanish published in the 19th century, specifically in the second half (1846 is the year for the publication of the first and 1895 for the last). To do this, we will refer to the context in which these works were published, and we will also refer to the ideology of the authors. On one hand, we will study the macrostructure of the dictionaries, particularly the prologues of the works and, on the other hand, the microstructure; in this respect we will select a series of lexicographical entries that reflect the ideology present in the dictionaries and we will check whether there is correspondence between the declaration of intentions of the prologues and the content of such entries.

Quaternary Research in France

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 369-388
Author(s):  
H. Alimen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Evolution Of Mammals ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

Between the two wars, studies on the Quaternary were scarcely in favor in France. However. from the beginning of the 19th century recent terrains had held the attention of our country’s eminent geologists, and later that of the prehistorians, and starting in the 1850s these terrains were given the first chronological classifications based, on the one hand, on the evolution of Mammals. and on the other hand, on the succession of prehistoric civilizations.

Melancholia and Depression During the 19th Century: a Conceptual History

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Berrios
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychiatric Practice ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
The 19Th Century

The meaning of ‘melancholia’ in classical antiquity is opaque and has little in common with 20th-century psychiatric usage (Drabkin, 1955; Heiberg, 1927). At that time, melancholia and mania were not polar opposites (i.e. one was not defined as having opposite features to the other). Melancholia was defined in terms of overt behavioural features such as decreased motility, and morosity (Roccatagliata, 1973; Simon, 1978). Hence, in medical usage, ‘melancholia’ referred to a subtype of mania and named, in general, states of reduced behavioural output. These included disorders that might “exhibit depressed, agitated, hallucinatory, paranoid and even demented states … the ancient diagnosis of melancholy has no correct analogue in modern psychiatric practice …” (Siegel, 1973, p. 274).

scholarly journals Changing Interpretations of Plotinus: The 18th-Century Introduction of the Concept of a ‘System of Philosophy’

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Catana
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Reader ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Method Point

Abstract This article critically explores the history and nature of a hermeneutic assumption which frequently guided interpretations of Plotinus from the 18th century onwards, namely that Plotinus advanced a system of philosophy. It is argued that this assumption was introduced relatively late, in the 18th and 19th centuries, and that it was primarily made possible by Brucker’s methodology for the history of philosophy, dating from the 1740s, to which the concept of a ‘system of philosophy’ was essential. It is observed that the concept is absent from Ficino’s commentary from the 15th century, and that it remained absent in interpretations produced between the 15th and 18th centuries. It is also argued that the assumption of a ‘system of philosophy’ in Plotinus is historically incorrect—we do not find this concept in Plotinus’ writings, and his own statements about method point in other directions. Eduard Zeller (active in the second half of the 19th century) is typically regarded as the first to give a satisfying account of Plotinus’ philosophy as a whole. In this article, on the other hand, Zeller is seen as having finalised a tradition initiated in the 18th century. Very few Plotinus scholars have examined the interpretative development prior to Zeller. Schiavone (1952) and Bonetti (1971), for instance, have given little attention to Brucker’s introduction of the concept of a ‘system of philosophy’. The present analysis, then, has value for an understanding of Plotinus’ Enneads. It also explains why “pre-Bruckerian” interpretations of Plotinus appear alien to the modern reader; the analysis may even serve to make some sense of the hermeneutics employed by Renaissance Platonists and commentators, who are often eclipsed from the tradition of Platonism.

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