scholarly journals Transitional types of response to the Martine-Kushelevsky test and their significance in the diagnosis of premorbid conditions of persons of different ages

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Olga Barladin ◽  
Dmytro Vakulenko ◽  
Lyudmyla Vakulenko ◽  
Svetlana Khrabra ◽  
Vasilina Bezpalko
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Output Pulse ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
High Output

The scientific work is devoted to the generalization of the results of the Martine-Kushelevsky test and the elucidation of the signs and causes of transient types of reactions and their significance for the early diagnosis of premorbid conditions. The experience of conducting and analyzing the results of 300 Martin-Kushelevsky tests was used to solve the set tasks. Among them - 88 people aged 18-55 years. This formation of the group (in the absence of complaints about health and contraindications to the test) made it possible to obtain a variety of types of reactions. The results were recorded using an electronic tonometer BAT41-2. It is their analysis that has become the subject of research in this paper. Classical normotonic, hypertonic, asthenic types were registered in 26 (30%) persons, respectively 19%, 7%. 3% of cases. Dystonic - absent. In others, 62 (70%) people registered transitional types, which we formed into 12 species. The vast majority of them had a pulse excitability of 80% or less and a recovery time of up to 3 minutes. Against this background, a slowing down of recovery time (more than 3 min) of ATs (31%), ATd (16%) after exercise and an increase in ATd immediately after it (26%) was most often registered, which indicates a predisposition to arterial hypertension. In 8% of the subjects there was a significant decrease in BP (more than 10 mm Hg) after exercise and a decrease below baseline after 3 minutes of rest (7%), indicating vascular dystonia. The negative phase of the pulse (4%) and recovery of the pulse for 3 minutes to indicators lower than the initial ones (4%) were less frequent, which was due to the violation of the coordinated activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system. In 6% of cases with the normotonic type of response to exercise did not pay attention to the high output pulse (15,15,15 at ten-second intervals), and 3 minutes after exercise, it recovered and stabilized at baseline. In such cases, the patient should be referred to an endocrinologist.

scholarly journals The Role of the Autonomic Nervous System on Cardiac Rhythm during the Evolution of Diabetes Mellitus Using Heart Rate Variability as a Biomarker

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alondra Albarado-Ibañez ◽  
Rosa Elena Arroyo-Carmona ◽  
Rommel Sánchez-Hernández ◽  
Geovanni Ramos-Ortiz ◽  
Alejandro Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Heart rate variability (HRV) is highly influenced by the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). Several illnesses have been associated with changes in the ANS, thus altering the pattern of HRV. However, the variability of the heart rhythm is originated within the Sinus Atrial Node (SAN) which has its own variability. Still, although both oscillators produce HRV, the influence of the SAN on HRV has not yet been exhaustively studied. On the other hand, the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), for instance, nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy, increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Traditionally, these complications are diagnosed only when the patient is already suffering from the negative symptoms these complications implicate. Consequently, it is of paramount importance to develop new techniques for early diagnosis prior to any deterioration on healthy patients. HRV has been proved to be a valuable, noninvasive clinical evidence for evaluating diseases and even for describing aging and behavior. In this study, several ECGs were recorded and their RR and PP intervals were analyzed to detect the interpotential interval (ii) of the SAN. Additionally, HRV reduction was quantified to identify alterations in the nervous system within the nodal tissue via measuring the SD1/SD2 ratio in a Poincaré plot. With 15 years of DM development, the data showed an age-dependent increase in HRV due to the axon retraction of ANS neurons from its effectors. In addition, these alterations modify the heart rhythm-producing fatal arrhythmias. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the consequences of DM identifying alterations in SAN previous to its symptomatic appearance. This could be used as an early diagnosis indicator.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Risk of Asthma Stratification

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Milagro ◽  
Eduardo Gil ◽  
Jesús Lázaro ◽  
Ville-Pekka Seppä ◽  
L. Pekka Malmberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Heart Rate Variability Analysis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Variability Analysis ◽  
Hrv Analysis

Early diagnosis of asthma is crucial to avoid long-term effects such as permanent airway obstruction. Pathogenesis of asthma has been related with autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction, concretely with abnormal parasympathetic activity. As heart rate variability (HRV) analysis does reflect ANS activity, it has been employed here in risk of asthma stratification.

Autonomic Activity and Induced Convulsions

1946 ◽  
Vol 92 (386) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
F. Reitman
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Epileptic Activity ◽  
Central Action ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Cerebral Activity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Convulsive Threshold ◽  
The Brain

Since the influence of the autonomic nervous system on epileptic phenomena became the subject of intensive investigations, several contradictory reports have been published. Williams and Russell (1941) and Williams (1941) found that parasympathetic overactivity (induced chemically and registered by electro-encephalography) increases epileptic activity. Darrow (1944) reported opposite results, his observations being based on electrically induced parasympathetic overactivity on animals. He registered his observations by electroencephalography. Cohen, Thale and Tissenbaum (1044) induced convulsions for therapeutical purposes by administering the parasympathomimetic drug, acetylcholine, and Chatfield and Dempsey (1942) observed the production of fits in cats, when giving acetylcholine and prostigmine together. Though the results were contradictory, the main aim of all these investigations was to establish the cholinergic neurohumoral changes in relation to epilepsy. But, as Williams pointed out, it is impossible to say whether the results are due to a direct central action, are consequent upon changes in the pH or of a respiratory or a circulatory nature. The investigations described in this paper were devised to re-examine these problems clinically. They were based on the hypothesis that if cholinergic overactivity enhances epileptic cerebral activity, the convulsive threshold of the brain should be lowered after administration of anticholinesterases, in particular prostigmine.

scholarly journals Heart rate: control mechanisms, pathophysiology and assessment of the neurocardiac system in health and disease

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Armstrong ◽  
P Wheen ◽  
L Brandon ◽  
A Maree ◽  
R -A Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

Abstract The monitoring of physiological function and dysfunction is an important principle in modern medicine. Heart rate is a basic example of this type of observation, particularly assessing the neurocardiac system, which entails the autonomic nervous system and intracardiac processes. The neurocardiac axis is an underappreciated and often overlooked system which, if measured appropriately in the clinical setting, may allow identification of patients at risk of disease progression and even mortality. While heart rate itself is a simplistic tool, more information may be gathered through assessing heart rate variability and heart rate recovery time. Studies have demonstrated an association of slow heart rate recovery and lower heart rate variability as markers of elevated sympathetic and lower parasympathetic tone. These parameters have additionally been shown to relate to development of arrhythmia, heart failure, systemic inflammatory processes, ischaemic heart disease and an increased rate of mortality. The aim of this review is to detail how heart rate is homeostatically controlled by the autonomic nervous system, how heart rate can impact on pathophysiological processes, and how heart rate variability and heart rate recovery time may be used in the clinical setting to allow the neurocardiac system to be assessed.

Classical Conditioning: Still Going Strong

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel van den Hout ◽  
Harald Merckelbach
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Simple Result ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Evaluative Judgments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Common Misconceptions

This paper summarizes developments in the field of classical conditioning. Attention is paid to four common misconceptions of what is classical conditioning. First, classical conditioning does not ensue as a simple result of temporal pairing of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. Rather, conditioned reacting occurs if and to the degree that the subject is able to predict the occurrence of one stimulus from the presence of another one. Second, what is learned during classical conditioning is not necessarily a response to a cue, but rather a probabilistic relationship between various stimuli. Third, classical conditioning is not only manifested in responses mediated by the autonomic nervous system, but also in immunological parameters, in motoric behaviour and in evaluative judgments. Fourth, the nature of the conditioned and the unconditioned stimulus is (often) not a matter of indifference: particular combinations of CS and US produce more powerful conditioning effects than do other combinations. In the second part of the paper, the potential relevance of these developments is illustrated. Discussions are included about anxiety, addictions and food aversions/conditioned nausea.

scholarly journals Thirty loci identified for heart rate response to exercise and recovery implicate autonomic nervous system

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Ramírez ◽  
Stefan van Duijvenboden ◽  
Ioanna Ntalla ◽  
Borbala Mifsud ◽  
Helen R Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Response To Exercise

Neurobiology of Social Phobia

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Bebchuk ◽  
Manuel E. Tancer
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Function

AbstractSocial phobia is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by excessive fear and/or avoidance of situations in which an individual believes that he or she may be the subject of evaluation or scrutiny while interacting with other people or performing a specific task. This article reviews the available literature on the neurobiology underlying social phobia, including autonomic nervous system effects, neuroimaging findings, pharmacologic challenge studies, and neuroendocrine responsivity and function. Overall, such studies have found few consistently demonstrable differences in neurobiology between patients with social phobia and healthy controls, but further investigations are needed.

Imaging cardiac innervation

2021 ◽  
pp. 565-576
Author(s):  
Albert Flotats ◽  
Ignasi Carrió
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Cardiac Innervation ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Planar Scintigraphy ◽  
Cardiac Disorders ◽  
The Subject

Cardiac autonomic nervous system contributes to maintain haemodynamic and electrophysiological stability to changing demands. Cardiac innervation imaging can be performed by means of planar scintigraphy/SPECT or PET using different radiotracers developed for the assessment of pre- and postsynaptic receptors of the cardiac autonomic nervous system, with sufficient sensitivity to assess a process that takes place at picomolar concentrations. Clinically, cardiac innervation imaging is mainly performed targeting postganglionic presynaptic sympathetic neurons by means of myocardial 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-mIBG) planar scintigraphy and SPECT, which has shown to be of value in the assessment of patients with different cardiac disorders, especially in those with heart failure (HF), having an independent prognostic value. This clinically oriented chapter updates the subject with inclusion of new data reinforcing the use of sympathetic cardiac innervation imaging for improving patient management.

scholarly journals Establishment of an Individualized Chronotherapy, Autonomic Nervous System, and Variability-Based Dynamic Platform for Overcoming the Loss of Response to Analgesics

2021 ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Yaron Ilan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Analgesic Tolerance ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Loss Of Response ◽  
Pain Medications ◽  
The Subject

Background: Control of chronic pain and mainly the partial or complete loss of response to analgesics is a major unmet need. Multiple mechanisms underline the development of tolerance to analgesics in general and specifically to opioids. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a role in the development of analgesic tolerance and chronobiology. Objectives: To review the mechanisms associated with the development of nonresponsiveness to analgesics. Study Design: Literature review. Setting: The review is followed by a description of a new method for overcoming resistance and improving the response to analgesics. Methods: Conducted a detailed review of the relevant studies describing the mechanisms that underlie tolerance to pain medications, and the potential roles of the ANS and chronobiology in the development of drug resistance. Results: The autonomic balance is reflected by heart rate variability, an example of a fundamental variability that characterizes biological systems. Chronotherapy, which is based on the circadian rhythm, can improve the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of chronic medications. In this article, we present the establishment of an individualized variability- and chronobiology-based therapy for overcoming the compensatory mechanisms associated with a loss of response to analgesics. We describe the premise of implementing personalized signatures associated with the ANS, and chronobiology, as well as with the pathophysiology of pain for establishing an adaptive model that could improve the efficacy of opioids, in a highly dynamic system. Limitations: The studies presented were selected based on their relevance to the subject. Conclusions: The described variability-based system may ensure prolonged effects of analgesics while reducing the toxicity associated with increasing dosages. Key words: Painkillers, opioids, drug resistance, compensatory mechanisms

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