scholarly journals Intestinal mucosal lymphocytes in neonatal sepsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Kh. S. Khaertynov ◽  
V. A. Anokhin ◽  
G. R. Burganova ◽  
G. O. Pevnev ◽  
M. O. Mavlikeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocytes

We studied the autopsy material obtained from 7 children who died in the neonatal period in order to evaluate the composition of lymphocytes of the intestinal mucosa against the background of morphological changes in the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract in newborns with sepsis. The main group consisted of 4 children with neonatal sepsis, the control group – of 3 newborns who died from other causes. The research material included the specimen of the small and large intestine.Results. Small intestine: it was found that there were less CD4 + lymphocytes in the small intestinal mucosa in the group of children who died from neonatal sepsis in 75% of cases than in the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.1). There were no differences in the number of CD8 + and CD20 + cells in the studied groups. Large intestine: the number of CD4 + lymphocytes of the mucous membrane of the colon was greater in the main group of children than in the control group (p=0.03). An increase in the number of CD4 + cells was registered in 3 of 4 cases of neonatal sepsis. The number of CD8+ and CD20+ lymphocytes in the studied groups was the same (р>0.05).Conclusion. The increase in T-lymphocytes CD4+ in the mucous membrane of the large intestine is probably connected with the antigenic stimulation of opportunistic intestinal bacteria. We found no morphological signs of the suppression of the cells of adaptive immunity associated with the intestinal mucosa. 

Chronic allergy to dietary ovalbumin induces lymphocyte migration to rat small intestinal mucosa that is inhibited by MAdCAM-1

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (5) ◽  
pp. G702-G710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiko Ogawa ◽  
Soichiro Miura ◽  
Yoshikazu Tsuzuki ◽  
Takashi Ogino ◽  
Ken Teramoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Lymphocyte Migration ◽  
Small Intestinal

Few models have described a chronic food allergy with morphological changes in the intestinal mucosa. Here we established an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced, cell-mediated, allergic rat model and examined lymphocyte migration in the gut. Brown Norway rats were intraperitoneally sensitized to OVA and then given 10 mg OVA/day by gastric intubation for 6 wk. Lymphocyte subsets and adhesion molecules were examined immunohistochemically, and the migration of T lymphocytes to microvessels of Peyer's patches and villus mucosa was observed by using an intravital microscope. Serum OVA-specific IgG and IgE levels were increased in animals repeatedly exposed to OVA. Significant villus atrophy and increased crypt depth was accompanied by increased infiltration of T lymphocytes in the small intestinal mucosa of the group given OVA. Expression of rat mast cell protease II and of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) was also increased in these groups. The administration of anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody significantly attenuated the OVA-induced changes in the mucosal architecture and in CD4 T lymphocyte infiltration. Intravital observation demonstrated that in rats with a chronic allergy, T lymphocytes significantly accumulated in villus microvessels as well as in Peyer's patches via a MAdCAM-1-dependent process. Our model of chronic food allergy revealed that lymphocyte migration was increased with MAdCAM-1 upregulation.

THE USE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE PREVENTION OF FAILURE IN THE IMPOSITION OF SMALL INTESTINAL ANASTOMOSES IN THE EXPERIMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
M. Tymchenko ◽  
Yu. Ivanova ◽  
V. Padalko ◽  
H. Sheremet ◽  
O. Kozlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Anastomosis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Anastomoses ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

Summary. The aimof the study is to develop a method of sealing the sutured of the small intestine anastomosis in conditions of high risk anastomosis leakege by stopping the inflammation’ cascade in experiment. Materials and methods.The work was experimental in nature, was performed in the SI «ZIGUS NAMSU» in collaboration with the Scientific Research Institute of Biology V. N. Karazin KhNU in the period from 2018 to 2019. To increase the tightness of the intestinal anastomoses applied under conditions of laparatomy, experimental studies were conducted on laboratory animals. The studies were carried out after the permission of the ethics committee SI «ZIGUS NAMSU» in compliance with all ethical requirements for the humane treatment of animals.Surgical operations in two series of experiments were performed under operating conditions under general anesthesia on 10 white sexually mature linear rats – Wistar males, 12-18 months old, weighing about 250 grams. All morphological material (the first and second series of experiments) was marked and fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin. Subsequently, paraffin sections were prepared according to the generally accepted histotechnical method and stained with hematoxylin - eosin; according to Van Gieson and Mallory, an immunohistochemical study was used to study microenvironment factors. Results and Discussion. Immunohistochemical examination of the intestine was carried out in several stages, at the first stage we took intestinal tissue during the surgery to form the intestinal anastomosis, before the introduction of allogeneic cell transplants. Also carried out immunohistochemical studies of the emerging mucous membrane at various times after the formation of insolvency of intestinal anastomoses in both studied groups. When using a cell allograft, the mechanisms of repair of the intestinal mucosa include the appearance of cells that carry the expression of markers of mesenchymal and epithelial differentiation (Vim, CD34, CKW, Ecad), and are usually localized in the walls of blood vessels of granulation tissue, as well as in areas of the repairing epithelium. In addition, in the main group, only 7 days after the reaction to cytokeratins (CKW) and Ecad, areas of the repairing epithelium were detected, while the visualization of the epithelium in the control group did not begin even after 10 days. The analysis of immunophenotypes of repairing cells allows us to suggest the participation of mesenchymal-epithelial transformation mechanisms in this process. Conclusions.Thus, studies have shown that the use of cell transplantation of culture of allogeneic cells of the intestine leads to the reconstruction of the intestinal mucosa in a fairly short time. Conducted histological and immunohistochemical studies showed that in the vast majority of animals (77.2%) 10-14 days after the operation, an almost unchanged mucous membrane forms with the preservation of its elasticity.

scholarly journals Intestinal dysbiosis in women in early pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Alexandr A. Bezmenko ◽  
Andrei A. Schmidt ◽  
Natalya D. Sadovaya
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Threatened Abortion

Hypothesis/aims of study. To date, there have been some publications on the possible role of systemic endotoxinemia resulting from intestinal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of miscarriage. The aim of this study was to compare the state of intestinal microbiocenosis and the level of endotoxinemia in women with threatened abortion and normal pregnancy. Study design, materials and methods. The study involved 50 women aged 18 to 35 years (mean age 28.1 0.6 years) in pregnancy from 6 to 18 weeks. The main group consisted of 30 women with threatened abortion. The control group included 20 women with normal pregnancy. Patients of the main and control groups were examined in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 572n. In addition, a qualitative and quantitative microbiological analysis of feces was performed using the real-time PCR method. The level of endotoxinemia was studied to assess the possible systemic effect of intestinal dysbacteriosis on a pregnant woman. Results. 23.3% of patients of the main group were diagnosed with intestinal dysbiosis of degree I, 60% of degree II, and 16.6% of degree III. In patients of the control group, dysbiotic changes corresponded mainly to degree I (75%) and degree II (25%). Degree III was not detected. Microbiological disorders in the main group were characterized by a decrease in the number of members of intestinal normal flora and a high concentration of opportunistic microorganisms. Microbiological disorders in the control group were characterized by a decrease in the intensity of colonization of the large intestine by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. The average level of endotoxinemia in patients of the main group was 0.52 0.05 nmol/ml and was classified as elevated, significantly exceeding that in patients of the control group 0.34 0.05 nmol/ml. Conclusion. In patients with threatened abortion, intestinal microflora was characterized by a decrease in normal flora and a high concentration of opportunistic microorganisms with high a pathogenic potential and their associations. During normal pregnancy, microbiological disorders in the intestinal biocenosis were characterized by a decrease in the intensity of colonization of the large intestine by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. The level of endotoxemia was directly proportional to the degree of dysbacteriosis of the intestine and was significantly higher in women of the main group.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementary of Modified Si-jun-zi Granule Promotes Intestinal Development and Enhances Mucosal Immunity of Weaned Rex Rabbits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqi Chen ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Dongbo Li ◽  
Haibo Dou ◽  
Quanjin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Junction Protein

Abstract Background: Early-weaned in Rex rabbits and other animals is associated with the development and immunity of intestine. This article was aimed to investigate the potential benefits of a dietary supplementation, modified Si-jun-zi granule (M-SJZG), on enhancing immunity of small intestinal mucosa and promoting intestinal development of weaned Rex rabbits. Results: In the present study, we found that dietary supplementation with 2% modified Si-jun-zi granule decreased the diarrhea frequency and mortality due to early-weaned, and significantly increased the average daily gain; the length and relative weight of intestine; the concentration of immunoglobulin in serum and SIgA in intestinal mucus. Additionally, the activity of lipase was raised by dietary Si-jun-zi granule addition. However the activities of ALT, ALP and AST in serum were obviously decreased. Compared with the un-supplementation control group, the ratio of villi length to crypt depth and the expression of tight junction protein(zonula occludens-1, Claudin-1 and Occludin) and Glucose transporter (re-combinant Sodium/Glucose co-transporter 1 and recombinant Glucose transporter 2) in jejunum were raised. In addition, Moreover early development of intestine and the injury of intestinal mucosa induced by early-weaning also could be improved.Conclusions: This study indicated that modified Si-jun-zi granule has protective effects on diarrhea induced by early-weaning through enhancing immunity of small intestine mucosa and promoting intestinal development.

Effect of grapeseed procyanidins on small intestinal mucosa morphology and small intestinal development in weaned piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (16) ◽  
pp. 1894
Author(s):  
Huishi Yan ◽  
Wenwei Gao ◽  
Qinghong Li ◽  
Hongquan Li ◽  
Ruirong Hao
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Small Intestinal

Context Grapeseed procyanidins (GSP) are widely recognised to have potential biological properties, and dietary supplementation with GSP could reduce diarrhoea incidence in weaned piglets. Aims This trial was conducted to investigate the effect of GSP on small intestinal mucosa morphology and small intestinal development in weaned piglets. Methods Seventy-two weaned piglets were randomly allocated into four dietary groups with three replicate pens per group and six piglets per pen. Each group received one of the following diets: a basal maize–soybean meal diet; or basal diet supplemented with 50, 100 or 150 mg GSP/kg. Small intestinal mucosa morphology and the expression of genes involved in improving small intestinal development were determined. Key results Morphological observations obtained by optical microscopy showed that the villus height of the duodenum and ileum increased in all groups receiving GSP, significantly (P < 0.05) so in the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg compared with the control group. Crypt depth of the duodenum and ileum in the groups receiving 100 and 150 mg GSP/kg decreased compared with the control group. Similarly, the crypt depth of the jejunum in the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg was significantly (P < 0.05) lowered. Moreover, the villus height/crypt depth ratio of each small intestinal segment in the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg increased significantly (P < 0.01). Morphological observations obtained by scanning electron microscopy indicated that dietary supplementation with GSP was favourable for growth of small intestinal villi. Specifically, the villi of the small intestine in the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg were most closely aligned, most uniform in size and clearest in structure. Furthermore, dietary supplementation with GSP increased the expression of genes encoding epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor in the duodenum, the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg showing a significant (P < 0.05) increase. Conclusions Dietary supplementation with GSP could improve small intestinal mucosa morphology and promote small intestinal development. Dietary supplementation of 100 mg GSP/kg could be recommended for weaned piglets. Implications Dietary supplementation with GSP generated a beneficial role in small intestinal health in weaned piglets.

scholarly journals Morphology and disaccharidase activity of small intes- tinal mucosa in post-weaning-induced malnourished rats and after realimentation

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Rustadi Sosrosumihardjo ◽  
Agus Firmansyah ◽  
Asri Rasad ◽  
Daldiyono Harjodisastro ◽  
Endi Ridwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Disaccharidase Activity ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Post Test

Background The most common cause of failure to thrive in in-fants is malnutrition which causes histological and biochemicalchanges of small intestine. Studies on histology and enzyme ac-tivity of small intestinal mucosa were not much developed.Objective To study about histology and disaccharidases activity ofsmall intestinal mucosa in post-weaning-induced malnourished rats.Methods We used Sprague-Dawley white rats as the subjects ofthis study with post test-control group design. The study was per-formed at the CentER for Research of Food and Nutrition Devel-opment from April 2003 to December 2004.Results There were a decrease of body weight (hypotrophy nor-moblastic) and an increase of disaccharidase activity of small in-testinal mucosa in post-weaning-induced malnourished rats. Afterrealimentation, there were an increase of body weight, an improve-ment of the hypotrophy, and a decrease of the enzyme but theystill cannot reach normal condition.Conclusion In malnourished rats, there are decrease of bodyweight hypotrophy normoblastic and increase of disaccharidasesactivity of intestinal mucosa that are improved after realimentation

MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS OF THE ORAL FLUID IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WHO HAVE UNDERGONE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Obukhov Yu.A. ◽  
Zhukovskaya E.V. ◽  
Karelin A.F.
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Mineral Homeostasis ◽  
Toxic Damage

Annotation. The authors' study highlights the urgent problem of the development of toxic damage to the dentition under the influence of anticancer therapy in children and adolescents. The aim of the study was to study the violation of the homeostasis of the oral fluid and the severity of the carious process. Materials and methods. As part of a pilot study at the Russian Field Treatment and Rehabilitation Center, 63 children were studied the severity of mineral homeostasis disorders and damage to the dentoalveolar system. Results. In 67% of patients in the main group, there was an increased tendency to form carious cavities. 54.5% of them have complicated caries. One third of patients had more than five carious teeth. In the control group, carious lesions of the teeth in only three patients (20%), with the involvement of 1-3 teeth in the pathological process. Violation of enamel formation was diagnosed in 36% of children of the main group. There is a tendency for the accumulation of the studied microelements in the oral fluid, while in the blood serum there is a normal or insignificant decrease in their content. According to the literature, this may indicate destruction in the oral cavity. Deviations in the homeostasis of chemical elements in children who completed the treatment of malignant neoplasms and children in the control group were revealed. An increased content of osteotrophic microelements was found to correlate with the destructive processes of the teeth. Conclusion. It seems appropriate to study the severity of morphological changes in hard tissues of teeth and the electrolyte composition of mixed saliva in children and adolescents who have been cured of malignant neoplasms. The results of studies of gastric cancer, as an indicator of metabolic disorders, will make it possible not only to reveal the imbalance of macro- and microelements, but also to establish the effectiveness of adaptation mechanisms aimed at normalizing the elemental composition of the oral fluid.

scholarly journals Changes in the structural components of the mucous membrane and plasma proteins of small intestine enterocytes in fetuses of cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (102) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
D. M. Masiuk
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Enzymatic Systems

The interrelationships of morphological changes of the mucosa of the large intestine with the dynamics of enzyme activity at different poles of enterocytes of cattle during the fetal period of ontogenesis are shown and analyzed. The work was performed on Holstein cattle aged two to nine months. The activity of hydrolytic and transport enzymatic systems in the basolateral membrane of cattle enterocytes depends less on the morphometric parameters of the large intestine than in the apical membrane. It is proved that during the fruitful period of ontogenesis there are dynamic transformations of enzyme systems of enterocytes of the large intestine of cattle which are connected with morphological changes of the mucous membrane of the large intestine. The activity of hydrolytic and transport enzymes in different domains of the plasma enterocytes of fetal cattle is interrelated with the morphometric parameters of the colon, in particular. the activity of alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase, Na+, K+-ATPase, Ca2 +, Mg2 +-ATPase and Mg-ATPase in the apical membrane of enterocytes is inversely related to the thickness of the intestinal wall with villi and the mucous membrane of the cavity (P ≤ 0.01–0.001). A significant correlation was found between the activity of alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase, Na+, K+-ATPase, Ca2 +, Mg2 +-ATPase and Mg-ATPase in the apical membrane of enterocytes with villi height (P ≤ 0.05). The activity of hydrolytic and transport enzymatic systems in the basolateral membrane of bovine fetal enterocytes depends to a lesser extent on the morphometric parameters of the large intestine than in the apical membrane. In particular, only the activity of alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyltransferase is inversely related to the thickness of the intestinal wall with villi and the mucous membrane of the jejunum with villi (P ≤ 0.01–0.001). The activity of transport enzymes is directly related to the morphometric parameters of the colon (P ≤ 0.01). The activity of these enzymes in the basolateral membrane does not significantly depend on the width of the villi, but is dependent on their height.

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