Stainless Steel Coatings for Corrosion Protection of Steel Rebars

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Arsenault ◽  
P. Gu ◽  
J.G. Legoux ◽  
B. Harvey ◽  
J. Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
316 L Stainless Steel ◽  
Parking Garages ◽  
Coating Microstructure ◽  
Stainless Steel Coatings ◽  
Steel Rebars

Abstract Steel reinforcement corrosion is one of the most serious causes of the premature deterioration of North American bridges and parking garages. Carbon steel rebars are very vulnerable to corrosion in salt contaminated concrete from deicing or coastal environment since the chloride ions induce severe corrosion as they reach the reinforcing steel rebars and depassivate the carbon steel. This paper evaluates the potential of using stainless steel coatings as a means to protect steel rebars from corrosion, especially in a salt contaminated concrete environment. The 316 L stainless steel coated coupons and rebars were prepared using Arc-sprayed and HP/HVOF processes. The corrosion performance of coatings were evaluated using linear polarization, a.c. impedance and salt spray techniques. Metallographic examination was also performed to characterize the coating microstructure.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STEEL CORROSION RESISTANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Xiang Yin ◽  
Chun Qing
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
Threshold Ratio

The objective of the study was to conduct the comparative analysis of steel types corrosion resistance. Three selected steel types were used in the study. The selected types were structural steel, stainless steel, and MMFX steel. The methodology we adopted is that we evaluated the steel parts resistance towards corrosion by doing in-salt spray experiment and the immersion of aqueous solution of sodium chloride. For salt spray test, we used guidelines by ASTM B117. This practice provides a controlled corrosion environment which is used for exposing specimen to salt spray chamber. For immersion test, test specimens are analyzed at regular time interval as the first rust is appeared. For carbon steel, we used three specimen and mostly initial rust appeared in initial 13 to 15 hours. For stainless steel, inter granular corrosion were analyzed. The results show that the first cycle started after about 46 hours; the second cycle started about 1% and the third cycle started with the rage of about 2 to 30%. For MMFX 2 steel, the results show that for MMFX carbon steel, the chloride threshold ratio is about 6 times higher than black bars and more than double of other types. The conclusion of the study is that in big structures like bridges, the MMFX steel should be used.

Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Arc Sprayed Stainless Steel Coatings

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tajiri ◽  
Z. Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Corrosion Behaviors ◽  
Corrosive Environments

Abstract The microstructure of arc sprayed stainless steel 316L coatings appears mainly in bright white matrix, deteriorated layers (grey), and black pores under optical microscopy. The black pores and the chromium-depleted areas in the deteriorated layers are known as the factors for decreasing the ability of protecting substrate under corrosive environments. Results of experiments in this paper suggests, in the condition of this study besides the factors mentioned above, Fe-Cr oxides should be another factor of dominating the corrosion resistance in the coatings. It also describes that the quantity and the distributions of such oxides are great influence on the corrosion behaviors. In this study, two kinds of coatings were used, one with thick deteriorated layers and another with thin deteriorated layers, which were sprayed on mild steel substrate by air atomization and nitrogen atomization respectively. Salt spray test and salt-water dip test were carried out to investigate corrosion behavior in macro and micro view. An effect of sealing treatment on the performance of the coatings was also examined. Results of metallographic examination and image processing analysis are well supported by a detailed investigation of corrosion behaviors of individual phases.

scholarly journals Accelerated corrosion performance of AISI 316L stainless steel concrete reinforcement used in restoration works of ancient monuments

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 03003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Tsouli ◽  
Angeliki G. Lekatou ◽  
Evangelos Siozos ◽  
Spyridon Kleftakis
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Cyclic Polarization ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ancient Monuments ◽  
Steel Rebars

The accelerated corrosion performance of AISI type 316L stainless steel rebars in solutions simulating concrete exposed to various environments was studied by means of cyclic polarization, before and after a four month salt spray test. B500A structural steel rebars were also tested for comparison reasons. Although 316L showed some susceptibility to localized corrosion during polarization in saturated Ca(OH)2containing 3.5 wt.% NaCl, four months of salt spraying did not significantly affect its polarization behavior. Salt spraying for 4 m did not have any significant effect on the macrostructural state of 316L reinforced concrete.

scholarly journals Bond-Slip Behavior between Stainless Steel Rebars and Concrete

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margherita Pauletta ◽  
Nicola Rovere ◽  
Norbert Randl ◽  
Gaetano Russo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Bond Behavior ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Steel Rebars

Maintenance of reinforced concrete structures is a prevailing topic, especially with regard to lifeline structures and bridges, many of which are now designed with a service life beyond 100 years. Reinforcement made of ordinary (carbon) steel may corrode in aggressive environments. Stainless steel, being much more resistant to corrosion, is a valid solution to facilitate the protection of the works, increasing the service life and reducing the need for repair and maintenance. Despite the potential for stainless steel to reduce maintenance costs, studies investigating the influence of stainless steel on the behavior of reinforced concrete structures are limited. This study investigated the bond behavior of stainless steel rebars by means of experimental tests on reinforced concrete specimens with different concrete cover thicknesses, concrete strengths, and bar diameters. In each case, identical specimens with carbon steel reinforcement were tested for comparison. The failure modes of the specimens were examined, and a bond stress–slip relationship for stainless steel bars was established. This research shows that the bond behavior of stainless steel rebars is comparable to that of carbon steel bars.

scholarly journals MICROSTRUCTURE AND HARDNESS PROFILE OF DISSIMILAR LAP JOINT OF TYPE 304 STAINLESS STEEL TO SS400 CARBON STEEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Herry Oktadinata ◽  
Adi Ganda Putra
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Hardness Profile ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Lap Joint ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Flux Cored Arc Welding ◽  
Type 304

Dissimilar metal welds between austenitic stainless steel and carbon steel are commonly used in oil and gas industries for certain reasons. The objective of this research is to asses the effect of filler metal and shielding gas on the microstructure and hardness of dissimilar lap joint of type 304 austenitic stainless steel to JIS SS400 low carbon steel. For the purpose of this investigation, the weldments were produced using flux-cored arc welding (FCAW). Three types of filler metals (E316L, E309L and E308L) and two different gas compositions (100%CO2 and 90%Ar+10%CO2) were selected to be used. Each of the weldments were analyzed on the microstructure characteristic and hardness profile of base metal (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal (WM) using optical microscope and microhardness Vickers. The metallographic examination revealed HAZ-SS400 contains martensites. Both HAZ-304 and WM show austenitic microstructure, with columnar and cellular sub-structures present at WM. The hardness profile of HAZ-304 is higher than BM-304, it may be attributed to the presence of the fine grains in HAZ-304 due to high temperature during welding. The hardness profile of WM-E309L exhibited the hardness from HAZ to WM tend to decrease linearly, while WM-E316L and WM-E308L showed the hardness from HAZ to WM also decreased but drastically dropped at fusion line (FL). The welds using E309L offer the best result in the point of view homogeneity of the hardness profile.

scholarly journals Corrosion Fatigue Numerical Model for Austenitic and Lean-Duplex Stainless-Steel Rebars Exposed to Marine Environments

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñigo Calderón-Uríszar-Aldaca ◽  
Estibaliz Briz ◽  
Amaia Matanza ◽  
Ulises Martin ◽  
David M. Bastidas
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Corrosion Fatigue ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Semiempirical Model ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Deterioration Process ◽  
Steel Rebars

Steel rebars of structures exposed to cyclic loadings and marine environments suffer an accelerated deterioration process by corrosion fatigue, causing catastrophic failure before service life ends. Hence, stainless steel rebars have been emerging as a way of mitigating pitting corrosion contribution to fatigue, despite the increased cost. The present study proposes a corrosion fatigue semiempirical model. Different samples of rebars made of carbon steel, 304L austenitic (ASS), 316L ASS, 2205 duplex (DSS), 2304 lean duplex stainless steels (LDSS), and 2001 LDSS have been embedded in concrete and exposed to a tidal marine environment for 6 months. Corrosion rates of each steel rebar have been obtained from direct measurement and, considering rebar standard requirements for fatigue and fracture mechanics, an iterative numerical model has been developed to derive the cycles to failure for each stress range level. The model resulted in a corrosion pushing factor for each material, able to be used as an accelerating coefficient for the Palmgren-Miner linear rule and as a performance indicator. Carbon steel showed the worst performance, while 2001 LDSS performed 1.5 times better with the best cost-performance ratio, and finally 2205 DSS performed 1.5 times better than 2001 LDSS.

Pyrolytic carbon filaments and associated catalytic particles formed in steel tubes

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 662-663
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
J. R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Catalyst Particle ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Filamentous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Filaments

Considerable effort has been directed toward an improved understanding of the production of the strong and stiff ∼ 1-20 μm diameter pyrolytic carbon fibers of the type reported by Koyama and, more recently, by Tibbetts. These macroscopic fibers are produced when pyrolytic carbon filaments (∼ 0.1 μm or less in diameter) are thickened by deposition of carbon during thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases. Each such precursor filament normally lengthens in association with an attached catalyst particle. The subject of filamentous carbon formation and much of the work on characterization of the catalyst particles have been reviewed thoroughly by Baker and Harris. However, identification of the catalyst particles remains a problem of continuing interest. The purpose of this work was to characterize the microstructure of the pyrolytic carbon filaments and the catalyst particles formed inside stainless steel and plain carbon steel tubes. For the present study, natural gas (∼; 97 % methane) was passed through type 304 stainless steel and SAE 1020 plain carbon steel tubes at 1240°K.

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