Failure of a Steel Liquid Petroleum Gas Storage Tank

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Liquid Petroleum Gas

Numerical study of steady natural convection in a liquefied natural gas cylindrical storage tank equipped with baffles

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Haddar ◽  
Moez Hammami ◽  
Mounir Baccar
Keyword(s):  
Rayleigh Number ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Lateral Surface ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Natural Gas Storage ◽  
Average Temperature

In this paper, a study of cooling system for a liquefied natural gas storage tank is conducted. Our objective is to remedy the heat ingress to the liquefied natural gas from the environment using baffles toward limiting temperature elevation in the tank, and then the Boil-off Gas (BOG) formation. A specific code based on the finite volume method is developed to supply a fine knowledge of the hydrodynamic and thermal liquefied natural gas characteristics in the cylindrical tank heated from bottom and lateral surfaces. The effect of the number, position and dimension of baffles, on the flow structure and thermal behavior, has been analyzed. According to our simulation results, the baffles should be placed at the top of tank nearby the lateral wall as the liquefied natural gas dimensionless average temperature can be reduced by 36%. The installation of four rectangular baffles, equally spaced around the perimeter of the tank, gives better homogenization of the temperature field and decreases the average temperature by about 44% in order to limit BOG formation. Finally, two correlations of the Nusselt number are established for the flat rectangular baffle plates and the lateral surface of the cylindrical liquefied natural gas storage tank as a function of the Rayleigh number, as well as the baffle number. Scaling of these correlations with the Rayleigh number gives exponents of 0.25 and 0.18 for lateral surface and baffle, respectively, which are in good agreement with literature.

Design and Analysis of Buried Liquid Petroleum Gas Storage Bullets Supported on Multiple Saddles (PVP2010-25052)

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoslav Stefanovic ◽  
Yaser Noman
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Differential Settlement ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Liquid Petroleum Gas ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Design Construction

The use of large, high pressure liquid petroleum gas (LPG) storage bullets has become a common, and often assumed safe, practice in the petrochemical industry. The Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association (EEMUA) is an organization that has attempted to address design aspects related to mounded or buried bullets; Publication No. 190 published by the EEMUA (2000, Guide for the Design, Construction and Use of Mounded Horizontal Cylindrical Vessels for Pressurized Storage of LPG at Ambient Temperatures, EEMUA, London, England.) became a standard practice in the industry. However, the design recommended, and therefore addressed, by Publication 190 is for bullets directly supported by soil (i.e., without saddle supports). However, it has been noticed by the authors that many users are requesting these storage bullets be supported by saddles resting on foundations in order to minimize the chance of unexpected settling and any motion of the bullets underground. The large span of these bullets requires more than two saddles adding to the complexity of the design due to statically indeterminate construction, differential settlement, and uneven supports. This paper focuses on major issues related to the design of such bullets. First, the loads induced by mound weight, pressure due to mound, and the loads due to longitudinal thermal expansion and soil resistance to this expansion is analyzed. Next, a method for calculating the multiple saddle reactions and bending moments at spans and supports is provided. A simplified method for assessing the effect of differential settlement between saddles is proposed.

Ultrasonic Guided Wave for Pipeline and Storage Tank Corrosion Defect Inspection

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weibin Wang ◽  
Haolin Tong ◽  
Hongjun Dong ◽  
Muyang Ai ◽  
Kai Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Wave System ◽  
Defect Inspection ◽  
Corrosion Defect ◽  
Ultrasonic Guided Wave ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
And Storage

Pipeline and storage tank corrosion defect inspection is one of the most important concerns for integrity management of oil & gas storage and transportation industry. Besides the internal inspection for pipeline, tri-axis high-resolution magnetic leakage inspection technique which is applied for trunk line inspection, long range ultrasonic guided wave technique based on Lamb wave is adopted for inaccessible part inspection in technique package for pipeline inspection in PetroChina. Corrosion in the tank floor and wall is a serious threat for environmental and economic safety. Owing to the capabilities of ultrasonic guided wave which are long-range, in-plane propagation, in-service storage tank floor/wall inspection becomes possible by employing an array of SH wave transducers mounting on the edge of the outer storage tank floor. At this point, ultrasonic guided wave shows its capability for pipeline and storage tank corrosion defect inspection. With the advancement of high-performance transducer, its capability will be boosted for even longer and remoter detection. Currently, ultrasonic guided wave system for pipeline could detect defect 200 m away in ideal case while 3∼6 m for storage tank floor in practical case. The complexity of the application of ultrasonic guided wave in tank floor inspection lies in the object containing multiple lap joint welds along the large diameter of the tank (up to 100 m) and the complicated reconstruction of the two-dimensional defect distribution information. The prototype of ultrasonic guided wave system for storage tank is able to detect defects along the edge of storage tank floor. Once the propagation mechanism at overlap joint welds is broken through, the system capability is believed to be greatly improved. The main scope of the paper is to introduce the ultrasonic guided wave principles and the system design of the inspection systems for pipeline and storage tank, respectively, including the system electrical module, hardware program and the module of data acquisition, analysis and processing. Besides, the field application study cases are included to show the capability of both systems and their potential for integrity management in oil & gas storage and transportation field.

scholarly journals Parametric Analysis on Boil-Off Gas Rate inside Liquefied Natural Gas Storage Tank

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 845-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Shukri Zakaria ◽  
Kahar Osman ◽  
Ahmad Anas Yusof ◽  
Mohamad Hafidzal Mohd Hanafi ◽  
Mohd Noor Asril Saadun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Natural Gas Storage

scholarly journals Large Storage Tank Structure Design Cases-Based Teaching in Teaching Reform for Major of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Chen Yanfei ◽  
Ni Heng ◽  
Zhang Hong ◽  
Hou Fuheng
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Transportation Engineering ◽  
Teaching Process ◽  
Teaching Reform ◽  
Strength Design ◽  
Teaching Team ◽  
Case Based

As one of the compulsory courses of oil and gas storage and transportation engineering, “Strength Design and Safety Management of Storage and Transportation Facilities” is a comprehensive course of both practicality and theory. In order to solve the unbalanced distribution of theoretical and applied content in the teaching process, the teaching team reformed the teaching mode of the structure design of large storage tanks in the course of “Strength Design and Safety Management of Storage and Transportation Facilities” and introduced case-based teaching. On the basis of the original course, practical engineering case analysis such as wind-induced buckling of large storage tank and uneven settlement of tank foundation was added, which increased the proportion of application content. It is a new type of discussion teaching integrating case collection, group discussion and after-class experience exchange. According to the recent three years of teaching practice, students’ interest in this course has increased greatly and teaching quality has improved significantly, which fully verified the feasibility of engineering case-based teaching in teaching reform. The teaching team has gradually improved the teaching process according to the relevant experience and lessons in classroom practice and made a successful attempt in the teaching reform of storage and transportation structure safety courses, which is of positive significance for training application-oriented composite talents with the ability to solve practical problems in the new era.

Oil and Gas Storage Tank Risk Analysis

2014 ◽  
pp. 303-321
Author(s):  
Katarina Simon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Salt Caverns

Storage tanks are widely used in the oil refinery and petrochemical industry in storing a multitude of different products ranging from gases, liquids, solids, and mixtures. Design and safety concerns have become a priority due to tank failures causing environment pollution as well as fires and explosions, which can result in injuries and fatalities. The chapter illustrates different types of crude oil and oil product storage tanks as well as the risks regarding the storage itself. Considering that the natural gas, in its gaseous state, is stored in underground storages like oil and gas depleted reservoirs, aquifers or salt caverns, and there are numerous publications and books covering the subject in detail, this chapter only illustrates the storage of liquefied natural gas and the risks posed by its storage.

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