Operational Analysis of Uninterrupted Bicycle Facilities

1998 ◽  
Vol 1636 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Patrick Allen ◽  
Nagui Rouphail ◽  
Joseph E. Hummer ◽  
Joseph S. Milazzo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
International Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Physical Network ◽  
Operational Analysis

The popularity of bicycles in North America is growing. As the popularity of bicycles has increased, so has the physical network of separate bicycle facilities and designated bicycle lanes in many locations. As a consequence of this growth, there is a demand for more information about bicycle operations on these facilities. Unfortunately, the state of knowledge regarding bicycle operations in the United States currently lags far behind that of motor vehicles and pedestrians. The international research that has been conducted to date regarding bicycle operations on uninterrupted facilities is thoroughly reviewed, and recommended procedures for the operational analysis of uninterrupted bicycle facilities are outlined. The recommended procedures are based on the concept of “frequencies of events” involving a bicyclist and other bicyclists or facility users. Events are defined as bicycle maneuvers required by a bicyclist on a facility, including passings (same-direction encounters) and meetings (opposite-direction encounters). The frequency of events for an uninterrupted bicycle facility is related to the service volumes of bicycles using or projected to be using the facility and does not have to be observed directly. The proposed procedures are, therefore, recommended based not only on their theoretical substance but also on their ease of use by practitioners.

NOTES ON A EUROPEAN WEEVIL, CEUTORHYNCHUS ASSIMILIS PAYK., RECENTLY FOUND IN THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

1936 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 191-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM. W. Baker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
The State ◽  
Ceutorhynchus Assimilis ◽  
Cabbage Seed ◽  
Seed Growing

During May, 1935, C. F. Doucette collected a few adult weevils on flower heads of mustard growing at the edge of a bulb field near Lynden. Wash. These weevils were recognized by the writer as apparently different from any of the species listed from North America, and a trip was made to Lynden on June 1, 1935, to obtain additional specimens. Specimens were also collected on mustard close to the northern limits of Bellingham, at two points between there and Lynden, north of Lynden, and in the vicinity of Nooksack, all in Watcom County. On the following day two specimens were collected on mustard at Big Lake, Skagit County. Big Lake is practically in the seed-growing section of the county, where a large portion of the cabbage seed used in the United States is produced. Weevils were determined by L. L. Buchanan as Ceutorhynchus assilmilis Paykull, and Mr. Buchanan stated that this species had not previously been reported from North America and that it appeared to be of considerable economic importance in Europe.

scholarly journals Known Distribution of the Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera glycines, in the United States and Canada, 1954 to 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Tylka ◽  
Christopher C. Marett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
The State ◽  
Introduced Pest

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a major yield-reducing pathogen of soybeans in North America. The nematode is an introduced pest and, therefore, knowledge of the distribution of SCN can be helpful in identifying areas where scouting and management efforts should be focused. Such information is especially important because yield-reducing infestations of SCN can occur without obvious above-ground symptoms appearing. In late 2016, nematologists, plant pathologists, and state plant regulatory officials from the soybean-producing states in the United States and provinces in Canada were queried to obtain the latest information on where the nematode had been found. An updated map of the known distribution of SCN in North America was also created. There were 17 states in which SCN was newly found since 2014, when the map was last updated, including the first discovery of SCN in the state of New York. North Dakota was the state with the greatest number of counties, seven, in which SCN had been newly discovered since 2014. This updated information illustrates that the nematode continues to spread throughout the soybean-growing areas of the continent and emphasizes that continued efforts to scout for and manage SCN are warranted.

scholarly journals NEO-LIBERALISM, NAFTA, AND THE STATE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN LABOUR MOVEMENTS

Just Labour ◽  
1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Crow ◽  
Greg Albo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Organization Of Work ◽  
The North ◽  
International Solidarity ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
The Common

The consolidation of neo-liberalism since the 1980s has presented several challenges to unions in North America. Through the restructuring of the state and the promotion of globalization, neo-liberalism has made the terrain of struggle more daunting for unions. Changes in the organization of work are also implicated in the common threats to organized labour and workers more generally. These common pressures on labour in Canada, the United States and Mexico, however, have resulted in different outcomes for the three movements. Many have suggested that these common pressures should be met with an increased emphasis on transnational labour cooperation. It is argued here it is possible to build international solidarity without first building union capacities at the level of the local plant and at the level of the nation state.

California’s Environmental Policy Leadership

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Vogel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Wilderness Preservation ◽  
Oil Drilling ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Greenhouse Emissions ◽  
Trump Administration

California is a long-standing role leader in environmental regulation in the United States. Wilderness preservation and restrictions on coastal oil drilling began in California, as did the regulation of pollution from automobiles. More recently, California has played a prominent role in addressing the risks of global climate change through its programs promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy and its restrictions on greenhouse emissions from motor vehicles. The state has also been highly active in regulating chemicals. Many of California’s environmental regulations have been adopted by other states as well as by the federal government. However, because the United States is a federal system, its regulations have also brought the state into frequent conflict with the Trump administration.

International Research and Variation in Views of Ethnicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Ella Inglebret ◽  
Amy Skinder-Meredith ◽  
Shana Bailey ◽  
Carla Jones ◽  
Ashley France
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Classification System ◽  
International Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Scale ◽  
Publication Patterns

The authors in this article first identify the extent to which research articles published in three American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) journals included participants, age birth to 18 years, from international backgrounds (i.e., residence outside of the United States), and go on to describe associated publication patterns over the past 12 years. These patterns then provide a context for examining variation in the conceptualization of ethnicity on an international scale. Further, the authors examine terminology and categories used by 11 countries where research participants resided. Each country uses a unique classification system. Thus, it can be expected that descriptions of the ethnic characteristics of international participants involved in research published in ASHA journal articles will widely vary.

Magic and Politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Sabina Magliocco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
The United States ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
Spirit World

This essay introduces a special issue of Nova Religio on magic and politics in the United States in the aftermath of the 2016 presidential election. The articles in this issue address a gap in the literature examining intersections of religion, magic, and politics in contemporary North America. They approach political magic as an essentially religious phenomenon, in that it deals with the spirit world and attempts to motivate human behavior through the use of symbols. Covering a range of practices from the far right to the far left, the articles argue against prevailing scholarly treatments of the use of esoteric technologies as a predominantly right-wing phenomenon, showing how they have also been operationalized by the left in recent history. They showcase the creativity of magic as a form of human cultural expression, and demonstrate how magic coexists with rationality in contemporary western settings.

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