Utilization of Construction and Demolition Debris Under Traffic-Type Loading in Base and Subbase Applications

2000 ◽  
Vol 1714 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bennert ◽  
Walter J. Papp ◽  
Ali Maher ◽  
Nenad Gucunski
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Mixed Samples ◽  
Construction And Demolition Debris

As construction and remediation take place throughout New Jersey, the amount of construction and demolition debris increases, while the availability of landfill space decreases. A viable solution for disposing of these materials is to incorporate them into base and subbase applications. An extensive laboratory program was conducted on two types of construction and demolition debris: recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and recycled asphalt pavement aggregate (RAP). These two materials were compared with dense-graded aggregate base coarse (DGABC), which currently is being used in roadway base applications in New Jersey. Both RCA and RAP were mixed at various percentages with the DGABC to evaluate whether an optimum mix blend could be formulated. The materials were evaluated under a traffic-type loading scheme that included resilient modulus and permanent deformation via cyclic triaxial testing. Laboratory tests indicated that the RAP, RCA, and DGABC blended materials all obtained higher resilient modulus values than the currently used DGABC. The permanent deformation results indicated that the RCA mixed samples obtained the lowest amount of permanent deformation when the material was cyclically loaded to 100,000 cycles. In contrast, the permanent deformation testing on RAP mixed samples resulted in the highest amount of permanent deformation at the same number of cycles. Existing models currently used for quarried base and subbase materials were used to predict the permanent deformation in the recycled materials. Laboratory test results indicated that these models could be used for predicting permanent deformation in unbound recycled materials.

Total Recycled Asphalt Mixes: Characteristics and Field Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (12) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazal R. Safi ◽  
Imad L. Al-Qadi ◽  
Kamal Hossain ◽  
Hasan Ozer
Keyword(s):  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Transverse Cracking

The use of recycled materials in asphalt concrete (AC) pavement has increased significantly because of their economic and environmental benefits. The use of recycled materials can pose risks to the performance of asphalt pavements, however. The Illinois Department of Transportation developed five total recycled asphalt (TRA) mixes in the pursuit of environmentally sustainable pavements. These mixes contain up to 60% asphalt binder replacement (ABR) obtained from reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled asphalt shingles. Virgin aggregates were replaced by 100% recycled aggregates including RAP, steel slag, and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Based on laboratory testing, all the mixes offered excellent rutting resistance because of their high ABR content. The TRA mixes were relatively less compliant and not very sensitive to field aging, whereas indirect tensile strength tests showed indistinguishable results. All mixes had comparable complex modulus |E*| and phase angle ([Formula: see text]) values at low temperatures. Laboratory-compacted specimens had relatively low flexibility index (FI) compared with field cores taken after construction. The FI values of the field cores decreased with aging, higher recycled materials content, or both. An exponential increase in transverse cracking was observed in the field cores because of their relatively high ABR, RCA/steel slag content, or both. The progression of field transverse cracking over time and FI values are well correlated. A three-dimensionally balanced mix design was introduced and used successfully to distinguish between AC mixes; it is proposed as a tool for better control mix designs and optimum field performance.

Sustainable Materials: A Review of Recycled Concrete Aggregate Utilization as Pavement Material

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110520
Author(s):  
Burcu Aytekin ◽  
Ali Mardani-Aghabaglou
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Pavement Layers

In this paper, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on the utilization of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), which is the dominant construction and demolition waste material, in base and subbase layers and its comparison with natural aggregate (NA). The effects of crushing on the particles as a result of the compaction on the resilient modulus, permanent deformation, and California Bearing Ratio are analyzed. The paper also contains the NA consumption and waste disposal policies of different countries, RCA standards, and the environmental-economic reasons for its use. This literature review mainly focuses on pavement layers as this is the main application of RCA in the use of recycled materials. Developing integrated construction and demolition waste management will help achieve the primary goal of preventing and reducing the generation of these wastes, both locally and globally. In this way, not only is the main purpose of preventing the increase in the production of construction and demolition waste achieved, but also the reuse and recycling of the waste materials produced are encouraged. Results show that RCA has equivalent or better performance than virgin aggregate for almost any application with proper care and process control, and can be used in unbound pavement layers or other applications requiring compaction. But it is always recommended that its mechanical properties and durability performance be evaluated with full-scale tests before use. The information provided will be useful for contractors and engineers to evaluate alternative solutions and to explore the rational use of such sustainable materials in applications.

Behavior of a hot mix asphalt made with recycled concrete aggregate and crumb rubber

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 544-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Muniz de Farias ◽  
Ferney Quiñonez Sinisterra ◽  
Hugo Alexander Rondón Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Moisture Damage ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregate

An experimental program was devised to evaluate the effect on the resistance of a hot mix asphalt, due to the total replacement of a natural aggregate (limestone — LS) by a recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Two asphalt binders were used: conventional AC 50-70 (penetration grade) and AC 50-70 modified with crumb rubber (CRM). The mechanical properties investigated were the stability and flow ratio (Marshall test), indirect tensile strength, resistance to abrasion (Cantabro test), resilient modulus, resistance to permanent deformation, to fatigue and to moisture damage (modified Lottman test). When the LS is completely replaced by RCA, the resistance under monotonic loading, moisture damage and permanent deformation improved, the mass loss in the Cantabro test and the resilient modulus shows appropriate values, however, the fatigue resistance decreases. Besides, mixtures with RCA using CRM binder showed lower fatigue life under stress controlled tests, but much better rutting resistance.

scholarly journals Compacted Anthropogenic Materials as Backfill for Buried Pipes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Andrzej Głuchowski ◽  
Raimondas Šadzevičius ◽  
Rytis Skominas ◽  
Wojciech Sas
Keyword(s):  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Buried Pipe ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Empirical Parameter ◽  
Backfill Material ◽  
Constrained Modulus ◽  
Natural Aggregates

Buried pipe design requires knowledge about the fill to design the backfill structure. The interaction between the backfill envelope and the pipe impacts the structural performance of the buried pipe. The backfill material and compaction level respond to the backfill’s overall strength and, therefore, for pipe-soil interaction. The strength of backfill material is described in terms of modulus of soil reaction E’ and constrained modulus Eode. As the E’ is an empirical parameter, the Eode can be measured in the laboratory by performing the oedometer tests. In this study, we have performed extensive oedometric tests on five types of anthropogenic materials (AM). Three of them are construction and demolition materials (C–D materials) namely, recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), crushed brick (CB), and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP). Two of them are industrial solid wastes (ISW) namely, fly ash and bottom slag mix (FA + BS) and blast furnace slag (BFS). The results of the tests revealed that AM behaves differently from natural aggregates (NA). In general, the Eode value for AM is lower than for NA with the same gradation. Despite that, some of AM may be used as NA substitute directly (RCA or BFS), some with special treatment like CB and some with extra compaction efforts like RAP or FA + BS.

scholarly journals Development of a Correlation between the Resilient Modulus and CBR Value for Granular Blends Containing Natural Aggregates and RAP/RCA Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Serviceable Life ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Repeated Load Triaxial

Limited supplies of natural aggregates for highway construction, in addition to increasing processing costs, time, and environmental concerns, have led to the use of various reclaimed/recycled materials. Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) have prospective uses in substantial amounts in base and subbase layers of flexible pavement in order to overcome the increasing issue of a shortage of natural aggregates. This research presents the development of an empirical model for the estimation of resilient modulus value (MR) on the basis of CBR values using experimental results obtained for 52 remoulded granular samples containing natural aggregates, RCA, and RAP samples. Statistical analysis of the suggested model shows promising results in terms of its strength and significance when t-test was applied. Additionally, experimental results also show that MR value increases in conjunction with an increase in RAP contents, while the trend for the CBR value is the opposite. Statistical analysis of simulation results using PerRoad and KenPave demonstrates that addition of RAP contents in the subbase layer of flexible pavements significantly improves its performance when considering resistance against rutting and fatigue. However, results of repeated load triaxial tests show that residual accumulative strain under a certain range of loading conditions increases substantially due to the addition of RAP materials, which may be disadvantageous to the serviceable life of the whole pavement structure.

scholarly journals Applications of Cement in Pavement Engineering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarella Chakravarthi ◽  
Galipelli Raj Kumar ◽  
Sabavath Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Pavement Rehabilitation ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Pavement Engineering ◽  
Cement Stabilization

Recycled materials primarily Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), and Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) are produced from pavement rehabilitation and construction-demolition activities. Generally, these materials are utilized for landfills, parking lots, shoulders, and other places that are not environmentally friendly. The top layers of the pavement and concrete structures are constructed using superior qualities of aggregates that satisfy the specification. During their service life, the aggregates present in these structures undergo deterioration due to environmental and traffic factors. After reaching the end of their service life, the deteriorated structures are dismantled and considered as waste. Nevertheless, these recycled materials will have some retain value which can be used in different layers of the pavements in different percentages. The reuse of these materials in place of conventional aggregates preserves the environment and become a sustainable construction practice. Further, the direct utilization of these materials in the pavements may not satisfy the mechanical characteristics. To fulfill these gaps, cement stabilization of recycled materials is the best option. With this background, the proposed book chapter will highlight the usage of cement in pavement application, and a few types of research works carried in cement treated pavement layers will be discussed in a detailed and scientific manner.

scholarly journals Desempenho de misturas asfálticas recicladas mornas e sua influência no dimensionamento do revestimento asfáltico

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Fernanda Gadler ◽  
Leonardo Fagundes Rosemback Miranda ◽  
Joe Villena
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Binder Content ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt

The main purpose is to evaluate the performance of asphalt regarding resilient modulus and fatigue curve.The asphalt was produced with two wastes, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), using the technique of warm mixtures. The evaluation includes, based on these parameters, the thickness differences in the design of asphalt layer for each mixture. Five asphalt mixtures were produced with incorporation of RAP and RCA, in different gradation fractions (fine and/or course), without adding any natural aggregate. In view of the aim of the article, the mixtures were evaluated through tests of resilient modulus and fatigue life, in order to support the design, establishing the necessary thickness to meet traffic demands of each mixture. The design was performed using MeDiNa software. Among all results, it is highlighted that asphalt binder content is the component that exerts the greatest influence on the resilient modulus of the mixtures. As for fatigue, in addition to the binder content, the possible anchoring of the asphalt binder in the pores of the RCA may have favored the performance of the GARC_MRAP mixture. Still, all mixtures with RAP, both in fine or course fraction, resulted in lower coating thicknesses compared to the REF, for the same load request, with better performance of the GARC_MRAP mixture produced with 100 % waste material and incorporation of only 3.1 % neat binder.

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