scholarly journals Measuring Recurrent and Nonrecurrent Traffic Congestion

2003 ◽  
Vol 1856 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Skabardonis ◽  
Pravin Varaiya ◽  
Karl F. Petty
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Loop Detectors ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Freeway Corridors ◽  
Travel Time Variability

A methodology and its application to measure total, recurrent, and nonrecurrent (incident related) delay on urban freeways are described. The methodology used data from loop detectors and calculated the average and the probability distribution of delays. Application of the methodology to two real-life freeway corridors in Los Angeles, California, and one in the San Francisco, California, Bay Area, indicated that reliable measurement of congestion also should provide measures of uncertainty in congestion. In the three applications, incident-related delay was found to be 13% to 30% of the total congestion delay during peak periods. The methodology also quantified the congestion impacts on travel time and travel time variability.

scholarly journals The Measurement of Road-UserCost due to Traffic Congestion Considering Travel Time Variability

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Tatsuhito KOHNO ◽  
Tohru ARAI ◽  
Takashi ITO ◽  
Shigeru KASHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Travel Time Variability

Travel-Time Reliability as a Measure of Service

2003 ◽  
Vol 1855 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Chen ◽  
Alexander Skabardonis ◽  
Pravin Varaiya
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Travel Time Variability

Statistics from a corridor along Interstate 5 in Los Angeles show that average travel time and travel-time variability are meaningful measures of freeway performance. Variability of travel time is an important measure of service quality for travelers. Travel time can be used to quantify the effect of incidents, and incident information can help reduce travel-time uncertainty. Predictability of travel time is a measure of the benefits of intelligent transportation systems. These measures differ from those defined in the Highway Capacity Manual and other aggregate measures of delay.

The “Japanese Turn” in Fine Dining in the United States, 1980–2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Samuel H. Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Further Training ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Wide Acceptance

In the 1970s, Japanese cooks began to appear in the kitchens of nouvelle cuisine chefs in France for further training, with scores more arriving in the next decades. Paul Bocuse, Alain Chapel, Joël Robuchon, and other leading French chefs started visiting Japan to teach, cook, and sample Japanese cuisine, and ten of them eventually opened restaurants there. In the 1980s and 1990s, these chefs' frequent visits to Japan and the steady flow of Japanese stagiaires to French restaurants in Europe and the United States encouraged a series of changes that I am calling the “Japanese turn,” which found chefs at fine-dining establishments in Los Angeles, New York City, and later the San Francisco Bay Area using an ever-widening array of Japanese ingredients, employing Japanese culinary techniques, and adding Japanese dishes to their menus. By the second decade of the twenty-first century, the wide acceptance of not only Japanese ingredients and techniques but also concepts like umami (savory tastiness) and shun (seasonality) suggest that Japanese cuisine is now well known to many American chefs.

Road Pricing under Travel Time Variability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gege Jiang ◽  
Hong Kam LO ◽  
Zheng LIANG
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Road Pricing ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Travel Time Variability

Urban Impacts of Mobile Fuel Delivery Service

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812097541
Author(s):  
Andrea Broaddus
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Urban Impacts ◽  
Fuel Delivery ◽  
Declining Demand ◽  
Multiple Vehicles ◽  
Gas Station

Mobile fuel delivery (MFD) uses a fueling truck to fill up personal and commercial fleet vehicles while they are parked overnight. This study used a sample data set provided by a San Francisco Bay Area company to explore the potential impacts on vehicle miles traveled (VMT), carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and traffic congestion. An analysis of vehicle travel associated with gas station trips was conducted to establish a basis for comparison. Future scenarios comparing the potential impacts of scaled-up MFD services in 2030 were also developed. The study concluded that MFD services compared favorably to gas stations in relation to environmental and traffic benefits in the longer term, even though personal fueling trips tended to generate low VMT. Benefits stemmed from efficiencies achieved by fueling multiple vehicles per delivery trip, replacing car share vehicle fueling trips, and removing trips from the network during peak hours. This analysis estimated that total annual CO2 emissions associated with fuel delivery operations in the Bay Area were 76 metric tons, which is less than a typical gas station with 97 metric tons. Under assumptions of declining demand for gasoline and significantly fewer gas stations, and with highly efficient optimized operations, mobile delivery could gain up to 5% market share for gas and not add additional VMT over the business as usual scenario.

Passenger Vessels for the New Millennium: The Environmental Impacts of the Future San Francisco Bay Area Water Transit Authority Ferry System

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Mary Frances Culnane
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Biotech Industry

Technology has transformed the San Francisco Bay region. Silicon Valley and the biotech industry produced plenty of high-paying positions that inflated the economy and created traffic congestion of immense proportions. Growth projections show 1.2 million new Bay Area jobs and a 1.4 million population increase during the next 25 years, accompanied by a 30% increase in region-wide travel and a 40% increase in transbay travel. In an effort to counter the negative aspects of an immobile and consequently less productive commuter society, the California State Legislature created the San Francisco Bay Area Water Transit Authority (WTA) with a mandate to improve public transit with an environmentally friendly ferry system.

scholarly journals Sources of Airborne Ultrafine Particle Number and Mass Concentrations in California

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yu ◽  
Melissa Venecek ◽  
Jianlin Hu ◽  
Saffet Tanrikulu ◽  
Su-Tzai Soon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Ultrafine Particle ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Source Contributions ◽  
Performance Statistics ◽  
South Coast Air Basin ◽  
Daily Time

Abstract. Regional concentrations and source contributions are calculated for airborne particle number concentration (PNC) and ultrafine particle mass concentration (PM0.1) in the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA) and the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) surrounding Los Angeles with 4 km spatial resolution and daily time resolution for selected months in the years 2012, 2015, and 2016. Performance statistics for daily predictions of PNC concentrations meet the threshold normally required for regulatory modeling of PM2.5 (MFB 

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