scholarly journals LEVELS OF SOME PRIORITY SUBSTANCES ON ADRIATIC SEA, ALBANIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurel Nuro ◽  
◽  
Bledar Murtaj ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Main River ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Almost All

This study evaluated levels for organochlorine pesticides (DDTs, HCHs, Heptachlors, Aldrins and Endosulfanes), their residues, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in water samples of Adriatic Sea, Albanian part. Water stations were chosen near the main river estuaries of Albania (Vjosa, Semani, Shkumbini, Erzeni, Mati and Buna rivers). These rivers have catchment areas that cover almost all Albania. First, agricultural, industrial and urban waste is transported in these rivers and after that they finished in Adriatic Sea. Water samples were analyzed for a five-year period from February 2015 to December 2019. Liquid-liquid extraction was used to isolate chlorinated pollutants and a florisil column was used for clean-up procedure. Analysis of organochlorine pesticides (according to Method EPA 8081B) and 7 PCB markers was realized using GC/ECD and RTX-5 capillary column. The PAHs were isolated by liquid-liquid extraction technique and after sample concentration qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed by the GC/FID technique. Organochlorine pollutants were detected for all stations of Adriatic Sea because of new arrivals by agricultural and industrial activity in river basins. The highest levels were found near Shkumbini and Semani estuaries due to impact Myzeqeja agricultural area. New arrivals from water irrigation and rainfall influence in found levels. Degradation products of pesticides and volatile PCBs were found at higher levels for all samples analyzed. The levels of some individual organochlorine pesticides were higher than EU and Albanian norms for Semani and Shkumbini rivers. Also, PAHs were found at higher levels for Semani River because of extracting-processing industry in Patos-Marinza area. Monitoring of organic pollutants in water of Adriatic Sea should be continuous because of its importance in fishing, tourism, recreation and Albania economy overall.

Determination of Parabens from Water Samples Using Cloud Point Extraction, Vortex Extraction and Liquid–Liquid Extraction Method Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 765-772
Author(s):  
Noorashikin Md Saleh ◽  
N. M. Hafiz ◽  
Nik Nur Atiqah NikWee
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Point ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Optimum Parameter ◽  
Cloud Point Extraction ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Method Of Extraction

A straightforward and efficient way for extraction of parabens that is methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben and benzylparaben in environmental water samples was developed through optimizing parameters for each method of extraction. In this study, methods involved were cloud point extraction, vortex extraction, and liquid–liquid extraction. The parameters affecting the method of extraction were such as salt concentration, surfactant concentration, type of solvent, temperature, ratio of solvent to water and extraction time. The optimum parameter for cloud point extraction method were 1.0 M of salt, 1.0% v/v of surfactant, ratio of surfactant to water is 1:1, extraction time is 1 minute at 30 °C while vortex extraction method, optimum parameter is 1.0 M salt, using acetonitrile as a solvent, ratio 1 solvent: 4 water, and extracted at 1 minute. For the liquid–liquid extraction method, the optimum parameter was at 1.0 M salt, acetonitrile as a solvent, ratio of solvent to water is 1:1 and extraction time at 1 minute. The correlation coefficient for the calibration of paraben at concentration 0.2 ppm–1.0 ppm was in the range from 0.9703 to 0.9942. The limit of detection of studied paraben were 0.1627, 0.0837, 0.1156 and 0.1918 ppm, respectively. Percentage recovery for cloud point extraction, vortex extraction and liquid–liquid extraction were between 41%–147.9%, 26.5%–134.7%, and 31.4%–142.4% respectively. Each sample is repeated with triplication which the value of the relative standard deviation is less than 17.9%. Thus, the most suitable, efficient and effective method in extraction of paraben from water samples is cloud point extraction. The cloud point extraction shows the potential to be explore on the future extraction of others organic pollutants from water samples.

scholarly journals Separation Studies of Pd(II) from Acidic Chloride Solutions of Pt(IV), Ni(II) and Rh(III) by Using 4-Aroyl-3-Phenyl-5-Isoxazolones

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 756-765
Author(s):  
Koduru Janardhan Reddy ◽  
Kap Duk Lee
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Selective Separation ◽  
Extraction Mechanism ◽  
Chloride Solutions ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Separation Factors ◽  
Acidic Chloride ◽  
Synthetic Water

This study examined the effect influence of various factors on the extraction of Pd(II) to develop a new liquid-liquid extraction mechanism for the selective separation of palladium(II) from its acidic chloride solutions using 4-aroyl-3-phenyl-5-isoxazolones (HA), such as 3-phenyl-4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-5- isoxazolone (HFBPI), 3-phenyl-4-benzoyl-5-isoxazolone (HPBI) and 3-phenyl-4- (4-toluoyl)-5-isoxazolone (HTPI). The extraction strength of Pd(II) with HA were in the following order: HFBPI > HPBI > HTPI, which is opposite to that observed with their pKavalues. HPBI was used to separate Pd(II) from Pt(IV), Ni(II) and Rh(III) metal ions and calculated their separation factors (S.F.) were followed in the order: Pd/Ni (40±0.4) > Pd/Pt (25±0.2) > Pd/Rh (15±0.3 > Rh/Ni (2.7±0.3) > Pt/Ni ≈ Rh/Pt (1.7±0.2). The loading and striping of Pd(II) (1.12×10-4mol L-1) were also examined using 1.0×10-3mol L-1HPBI in CHCl3and 1.0 mol L-1HCl, respectively. The results demonstrated that the maximum (97.5%) extraction and desorption (89%) of metal required at least 3.0 cycles. The developed method was applied successfully to the separation of palladium from synthetic water samples.

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