scholarly journals IMPACT OF METAPROGRAMS ON THE PURCHASE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Galovska ◽  
◽  
Maja Kochoska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Individual

Each of us processes our own experience in a special way. There is no right or wrong way to handle it. Different people have different thinking structures and often do not understand each other. But, on the other hand, exactly that complexity of the human being is one of the biggest challenges in communication as a universal process. Discovering and adapting the identity of individuals becomes the number one priority. Consumers are exposed to many stimulants that motivate them to behave positively or negatively, react and decide. As processes in our mind that clarify the decision-making structure, as well as how individuals are motivated to take action, are metaprograms that are unconscious schemes for ordering information. They act as filters and allow only what is important to the individual to be taken into account. The main goal of this paper is to emphasize the knowledge about the existence of metaprograms, their understanding, application in terms of motivation to achieve a result by recognizing them allows us to become more influential and more able to touch in a way that is appropriate for people around us.

Herbert Mac Cabe’s Philosophical Anthropology

Politeia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-260
Author(s):  
Franco Manni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
External World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Language System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Individual Human

From the ideas of Aristotle, De Saussure and Wittgenstein, philosopher Herbert McCabe elaborated an original anthropology. 'Meaning' means: the role played by a part towards the whole. Senses are bodily organs and sensations allow an animal to get fragments of the external world which become 'meaningful' for the behaviour of the whole animal Besides sensations, humans are ‘linguistic animals’ because through words they are able to 'communicate', that is, to share a peculiar kind of meanings: concepts. Whereas, sense-images are stored physically in our brain and cannot be shared, even though we can relate to sense-images by words (speech coincides with thought). However, concepts do not belong to the individual human being qua individual, but to an interpersonal entity: the language system. Therefore, on the one hand, to store images is a sense-power and an operation of the brain, whereas the brain (quite paradoxically!) is not in itself the organ of thought. On the other hand, concepts do not exist on their own.

scholarly journals A Multi-Attribute Expansion Planning Model for Integrated Gas–Electricity System

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Khaligh ◽  
Majid Oloomi Buygi ◽  
Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam ◽  
Josep M. Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Electricity Networks ◽  
Expansion Planning ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Electricity Network ◽  
Electricity Systems

Gas-fired power plants are environmentally friendly because of their high efficiency rates and low CO2 emissions. On the other hand, the output power of renewable generators is stochastic, meaning that additional capacity must be held in reserve throughout the system. Gas-fired power plants are ideally suited to mitigate renewable uncertainties as they are more flexible and can easily be fired up in just a few minutes, and subsequently be shut down. Increased use of gas-fired power plants makes gas and electricity networks more dependent, so that adequacy in fuel supply of electricity network becomes a majority. However expansion planning of gas and electricity systems is accomplished by private gas and electricity companies, having no effective data exchange mechanism together. So there is a need to provide a model that coordinates the expansion planning of gas and electricity networks. On the other hand, expansion cost of either gas or electricity network and risk criteria of integrated energy system may have priority in decision-making process. With different challenging attributes, there is a gap in the literature to provide a model that takes into account the privacy of energy parties with a minimum data exchange, while considering different attributes in decision-making process. In this paper a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) method for co-expansion planning of gas and electricity systems is introduced. The proposed MADM method supposes that a central entity as Ministry of Energy (ME) is responsible for coordinated expansion planning of gas and electricity networks, while taking into account the privacy of gas and electricity energy parties. Decision-making attributes are conflicting and the proposed method selects the best plan based on a compromise among the attributes. Different attributes including gas expansion cost (GEC), electricity expansion cost (EEC), minimum of maximum regret (MMR) and β-robustness (β_R) are considered to find the best plan with regard to the preferences of independent gas and electricity network operators. In this regard, two multi-attribute decision analysis methodologies are employed: analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is used as a simple way to weight and rank all the attributes objectively and find the relative importance of various plans, and the weighted sum method to provide a general composite index and finding the final appropriate plan. A real case study in the Khorasan province of Iran, which has a high penetration level of gas-consuming generation units (GCGU), is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed MADM method. Results are compared with a Pareto optimal method to qualify the accuracy of proposed method.

scholarly journals The Importance of Decision Making for Information and Library Managers

Anuva ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Jumino Jumino
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Essential Function ◽  
Types Of Information

This articles deals with the importance of decision making done by Information and Library Managers. The method used is document study with qualitative approach. The results of the analysis show that decision making for Information and Library Managers are an essential function in managing libary and information service. It is the primary task of Information and Library Managers, since every function of management a library needs a decision to be applied. It involves the stages of decision making process, such as defining objectives, collecting information, choosing and discussing alternatives, implementing decisions, delegating jobs, and evaluating them. Furthermore, there two types of Information and Library Managers, rational and irrationa[ managers. Rational managers worked with their subordinates in group, delegated to their subordinates, and the final decision belonged to the subordinates. On the other hand, in planning and solving problems dealing with decision making proccess, the irrational manager never involved and communicated with subodinates at all.

Personality and Skin Conductance Responses to Reward and Punishment

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Mardaga ◽  
Michel Hansenne
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Large Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Emotional Responsiveness ◽  
Somatic Marker ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses

For several years now, the somatic aspect of emotions has been regarded as a major factor in the decision-making process. A large body of literature has investigated this issue, within the somatic marker hypothesis perspective, using the classical Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Many studies reported an influence of clinical and differential factors, including personality, on IGT performance. On the other hand, personality appears to modulate the emotional responses as a function of valence (i.e., responses to rewards vs. punishments). The present study investigated whether the influence of personality on the decision-making process might be mediated by differential emotional responsiveness. Skin conductance levels were recorded in 32 subjects while performing the IGT. The results showed that novelty seeking (NS) modulated the skin conductance responses to feedback, and both NS and harm avoidance (HA) influenced anticipative response development. We also found that NS tended to modulate the final score, beyond the influence of beneficial anticipative autonomic responses. The present data partially support the hypothesis that personality-related differential emotional responsiveness may modulate somatic marker development in a decision-making situation. On the other hand, personality influence on the performance was not entirely explained by these emotional differences.

Het Belgisch beleid inzake de erkenning van China

Res Publica ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
Jörgen Oosterwaal
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Institutional Type ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

On the basis of a chronological approach of the decision-making process with regard to the recognition of the PRC we concluded in an analytical part that the decision-making process was merely of the "hypo-institutional" type. Afterwards, we examined the effectivity of the Belgian policy in comparison with the international scientific literature on recognition and with the practice of other small European states. We concluded the non-recognition policy had been ineffective.  The relation between "hypo-institutional" decision-making on the one hand and ineffective public policy on the other hand is just one element within a broader research-project : "The effectivity of public policy according to type of decisionmaking".

scholarly journals ’National Belonging’ in Legal and Diplomatic Formulas: The Pole’s Card as a Legacy of Poland’s Colonial History

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Ładykowski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The One

AbstractThe article explores the sources of the idea of nation as it is encoded in the legislative framework of the Pole’s Card and its implications for the processes of identity-making taking place beyond the eastern borders of the Polish state. Given the problems with defining the role of the historical Polish diaspora in the East, the question of the conceptualization of national belonging is significant and has practical consequences at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels. The argument of the paper is twofold: (1) On the one hand, the document of the Pole’s Card reflects a specific inclusive—”cultural”— conception of the nation. In this conception, which is forged by the Polish policymakers, the conditions whereby the national belonging can be achieved are widely conceived. (2) On the other hand, the administrative decision-making process and the diplomatic practice of granting the Card prioritizes and executes the exclusive conception of the nation with its limited ethnic, religious (Roman Catholic) and linguistic background. This way, the document of the Pole’s Card becomes a legal device for establishing new social distinctions in societies of Poland’s eastern neighbours. By discussing this case on the ground, this paper hopes to demonstrate the ways in which the new creative notions of the nationhood are forged in Poland.

The transformation of the decision-making process on the part of economic agents influenced by social constraints

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1202-1222
Author(s):  
M.V. Grechko ◽  
L.A. Kobina ◽  
S.A. Goncharenko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Contextual Environment ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
External Signals

Subject. The article focuses on the decision-making mechanism used by economic agents given the existing social constraints. Objectives. We devise applied toolkit to study how socio-economic constraints transform the decision-making mechanism used by economic agents. Methods. The study involves means of the expert survey, the method that streamlines economic knowledge. Results. Social constraints are illustrated to influence the decision-making mechanism used by economic agents, assuming that the individual mind relies on specific mechanisms to make judgments and decisions. Generally, the mechanisms are very useful, however they may generate serious errors during the decision-making process. Given the social constraints, economic agents were found to follow four mental models to make their decisions in case of the full or partial uncertainty, i.e. the representative relevance, accessibility, relations, heuristics (modeling). Conclusions and Relevance. The scientific ideas herein show that the inner architecture of a choice an individual makes determines his or her decisions. The decisions often depend on the contextual environment that gives external signals perceived by the individual while evaluating alternative ways. The findings can possibly be used as a mechanism to manage the consumer choice.

Laughter on the Fringes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Peterson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Autobiographical Writing ◽  
Treasure Trove ◽  
Old Comedy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Aggressive Humor ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This book examines the impact that Athenian Old Comedy had on Greek writers of the Imperial era. It is generally acknowledged that Imperial-era Greeks responded to Athenian Old Comedy in one of two ways: either as a treasure trove of Atticisms, or as a genre defined by and repudiated for its aggressive humor. Worthy of further consideration, however, is how both approaches, and particularly the latter one that relegated Old Comedy to the fringes of the literary canon, led authors to engage with the ironic and self-reflexive humor of Aristophanes, Eupolis, and Cratinus. Authors ranging from serious moralizers (Plutarch and Aelius Aristides) to comic writers in their own right (Lucian, Alciphron), to other figures not often associated with Old Comedy (Libanius) adopted aspects of the genre to negotiate power struggles, facilitate literary and sophistic rivalries, and provide a model for autobiographical writing. To varying degrees, these writers wove recognizable features of the genre (e.g., the parabasis, its agonistic language, the stage biographies of the individual poets) into their writings. The image of Old Comedy that emerges from this time is that of a genre in transition. It was, on the one hand, with the exception of Aristophanes’s extant plays, on the verge of being almost completely lost; on the other hand, its reputation and several of its most characteristic elements were being renegotiated and reinvented.

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