scholarly journals PAGAMENTO POR SERVIÇOS AMBIENTAIS: UM INSTRUMENTO DE MITIGAÇÃO DOS EFEITOS DE VARIAÇÃO CLIMÁTICA E UMA FERRAMENTA DE GESTÃO PARA CRISE HÍDRICA NA BACIA DO ALTO DESCOBERTO

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Silva Camelo ◽  
Keila Lima Sanches
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Payment For Environmental Services ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

A escassez de água doce é uma das principais preocupações do século XXI. As últimas projeções do IPCC preveem que para a região do Centro-Oeste deve ocorrer aumento da área agriculturável, diminuição das áreas florestais, aumento de temperatura e alteração da frequência e magnitude de cheias e de períodos de estiagem. Essas alterações afetam profundamente o ciclo hidrológico e por consequência a disponibilidade de água para consumo humano. No verão de 2016/2017 o Distrito Federal registrou a maior crise hídrica de sua história onde o volume do reservatório responsável pelo abastecimento de mais da metade da população ficou abaixo de 10%. Nesse sentido o presente estudo teve como principal objetivo trazer informações atualizadas sobre Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais, como um importante instrumento mitigador de mudanças climáticas, redutor de processos de alteração do uso do solo, sugerindo-o como instrumento para promover melhorias no abastecimento de água da Bacia do Descoberto.Palavras-chave: mudanças climáticas; gestão hídrica; serviços ecossistêmicos. PAYMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES: AN INSTRUMENT OF MITIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND A MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR HYDRICAL CRISIS IN THE ALTO DESCOBERTO WATERSHED ABSTRACT: Freshwater shortages are one of the main concerns of the 21st century. The latest projections by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) foresee that for the brazilian midwest, there should be an increase in the area planted to agriculture, a decrease in forest areas, an increase in temperature and a change in the frequency and magnitude of floods and droughts. These changes profoundly affect the hydrological cycle and consequently the availability of water for human consumption. In the summer of 2016/2017, the Federal District had the greatest water crisis in its history, where the volume of the reservoir responsible for supplying more than half the population was below 10%. In this sense, the main objective of the present study was to provide updated information on payment for environmental services as an important instrument to mitigate climate change, reducing soil use change processes, and suggesting it as an instrument to promote improvements in water supply in the Descoberto watershed.Keywords: climate change; water management; ecosystem services.

Payment for Environmental Services for Waste Pickers: Systematic Literature Mapping

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Pollyana Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Gina Rizpah Besen ◽  
Helena Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
The Public ◽  
Payment For Environmental Services ◽  
Literature Mapping ◽  
Waste Pickers

In Payment for Environmental Services (PES) systems, environmental service providers receive compensation for a conservationist action that implies the preservation of natural resources. The objective of this systematic mapping was to identify and discuss scientific articles that address the theme 'Payment for Environmental Services - PES for Waste Pickers Organizations', to understand the state of art of hiring these workers as environmental service providers. The study was developed using the method of systematic mapping of literature, from 2009 to 2019, considering qualitative and quantitative aspects. Results indicated that the countries that most investigate this theme are Brazil, China, India, and Indonesia. The articles portray the informal work of waste pickers, working conditions and the transition from informal systems to waste management in public services. The relationship between payment for environmental services and the work of waste pickers is not yet evident. Furthermore, research on PES and recycling are developed along distinct lines, without interdisciplinarity. However, PES shows itself as an important socio-environmental management tool that has the potential to solve relevant problems of recyclable waste management, because it presents congruent characteristics with the public procurement systems for waste pickers.

scholarly journals INTEGRATES ASSESSMENT MODELS (IAMS) APPLIED TO CLIMATRE CHANGE AND ENERGY TRANSITION

10.6036/9922 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
IGNACIO DE BLAS ◽  
LUIS JAVIER MIGUEL GONZALEZ ◽  
CARLOS DE CASTRO CARRANZA
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Complex Simulation ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Complex Relationships

The climate change that is currently occurring is due to the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere as a result of human activity. The large number of factors and variables that directly or indirectly affect GHG emissions, as well as the multiple and complex relationships between them, makes it difficult to make decisions on the best measures to be adopted to slow down or mitigate climate change and to analyze the consequences that each decision entails. This has led to the development of complex simulation models called Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) or Energy-Economy-Environment Models (E3 models), with a particular focus on climate change. The development and use of these models to guide policy decisions on climate change has grown very significantly in recent years, as evidenced by the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This paper is a panoramic review of the main existing IAMs and analyzes their main characteristics. The paper focuses especially on the analysis of the limitations of the current IAMs, which should mark the future developments of these tools.

scholarly journals Robust Responses of the Hydrological Cycle to Global Warming

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 5686-5699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac M. Held ◽  
Brian J. Soden
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Mass Fluxes ◽  
Temporal Variance ◽  
Transient Climate Change ◽  
Surprising Finding

Abstract Using the climate change experiments generated for the Fourth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, this study examines some aspects of the changes in the hydrological cycle that are robust across the models. These responses include the decrease in convective mass fluxes, the increase in horizontal moisture transport, the associated enhancement of the pattern of evaporation minus precipitation and its temporal variance, and the decrease in the horizontal sensible heat transport in the extratropics. A surprising finding is that a robust decrease in extratropical sensible heat transport is found only in the equilibrium climate response, as estimated in slab ocean responses to the doubling of CO2, and not in transient climate change scenarios. All of these robust responses are consequences of the increase in lower-tropospheric water vapor.

scholarly journals Future Changes in Surface Runoff over Korea Projected by a Regional Climate Model under A1B Scenario

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Woo Lee ◽  
Suryun Ham ◽  
Song-You Hong ◽  
Kei Yoshimura ◽  
Minsu Joh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Climate Simulation ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
The Future

This study assesses future change of surface runoff due to climate change over Korea using a regional climate model (RCM), namely, the Global/Regional Integrated Model System (GRIMs), Regional Model Program (RMP). The RMP is forced by future climate scenario, namely, A1B of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The RMP satisfactorily reproduces the observed seasonal mean and variation of surface runoff for the current climate simulation. The distribution of monsoonal precipitation-related runoff is adequately captured by the RMP. In the future (2040–2070) simulation, it is shown that the increasing trend of temperature has significant impacts on the intra-annual runoff variation. The variability of runoff is increased in summer; moreover, the strengthened possibility of extreme occurrence is detected in the future climate. This study indicates that future climate projection, including surface runoff and its variability over Korea, can be adequately addressed on the RMP testbed. Furthermore, this study reflects that global warming affects local hydrological cycle by changing major water budget components. This study adduces that the importance of runoff should not be overlooked in regional climate studies, and more elaborate presentation of fresh-water cycle is needed to close hydrological circulation in RCMs.

scholarly journals Assessment of water availability in the period of 100 years at the head of the São Francisco river basin, based on climate change scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
Priscila Esposte Coutinho ◽  
Marcio Cataldi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
São Francisco River ◽  
The Impact

In the last century, changes in climate trends have been observed around the planet, which have resulted in alterations in the hydrological cycle. Studies that take into account the impact of climate change on water availability are of great importance, especially in Brazil’s case, where water from rivers, beyond being destined for human consumption, animal watering and economic activities, has a great participation in electricity generation. This fact makes its energy matrix vulnerable to variations in the climate system. In this study, a flow analysis for the head of the São Francisco river basin was performed between 2010 and 2100, considering the precipitation data of the CCSM4 climate model presented in the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Projections of future flow were performed for the scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, based on the SMAP rain-flow model, followed by a comparative analysis with the present climate. In general, we can observe that the decades of 2010 to 2100 will be marked by the high levels of precipitation, interspersed by long droughts, in which the recorded flow will be lower than the Long Term Average (LTA) calculated for the basin. Therefore, new management strategies must be considered to maintain the multiple uses of the basin.

scholarly journals Climate Solutions Double as Health Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13339
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Mailloux ◽  
Colleen P. Henegan ◽  
Dorothy Lsoto ◽  
Kristen P. Patterson ◽  
Paul C. West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Climate Crisis

The climate crisis threatens to exacerbate numerous climate-sensitive health risks, including heatwave mortality, malnutrition from reduced crop yields, water- and vector-borne infectious diseases, and respiratory illness from smog, ozone, allergenic pollen, and wildfires. Recent reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stress the urgent need for action to mitigate climate change, underscoring the need for more scientific assessment of the benefits of climate action for health and wellbeing. Project Drawdown has analyzed more than 80 solutions to address climate change, building on existing technologies and practices, that could be scaled to collectively limit warming to between 1.5° and 2 °C above preindustrial levels. The solutions span nine major sectors and are aggregated into three groups: reducing the sources of emissions, maintaining and enhancing carbon sinks, and addressing social inequities. Here we present an overview of how climate solutions in these three areas can benefit human health through improved air quality, increased physical activity, healthier diets, reduced risk of infectious disease, and improved sexual and reproductive health, and universal education. We find that the health benefits of a low-carbon society are more substantial and more numerous than previously realized and should be central to policies addressing climate change. Much of the existing literature focuses on health effects in high-income countries, however, and more research is needed on health and equity implications of climate solutions, especially in the Global South. We conclude that adding the myriad health benefits across multiple climate change solutions can likely add impetus to move climate policies faster and further.

Delivery of Environmental Services of Sorsogon City LGU: Basis for an Extension Program

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena M. Ocbian ◽  
Anthony M. Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Waste Transfer ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Extension Program

Environmental services are integral to basic Social Sciences. This is a descriptive developmental research aimed to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of LGU Sorsogon City in the delivery of environmental services as a basis in designing a collaborative extension program. The respondents were 206 local officials and 394 residents/constituents of selected communities of Sorsogon City. A validated researcher-made questionnaire was the instrument used in data gathering. Frequency count, percentage and weighted means were used to analyze the data. Results revealed that solid waste collection was the top environmental program being delivered by LGU Sorsogon City as perceived by the two groups of respondents, followed by solid waste generation, tree planting and water shed reserve maintenance. Other environment services which received high frequencies were solid waste transfer and transport, sea and river guard, water pollution control and forest guard and illegal logging control. The delivery of services and facilities was rated as moderately efficient and effective by both the constituents and local officials of Sorsogon City. From this result, a collaborative extension program was designed to mitigate climate change in Sorsogon City.   Keywords - Environment, services, Sorsogon City, extension program, climate change, Sorsogon City, Philippines

Development of a method for assessing flood vulnerability

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Connor ◽  
K. Hiroki
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Third Assessment Report ◽  
Lengthy Process

Over the past few decades, a growing number of studies have been conducted on the mechanisms responsible for climate change and the elaboration of future climate scenarios. More recently, studies have emerged examining the potential effects of climate change on human societies, including how variations in hydrological regimes impact water resources management. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's third assessment report, climate change will lead to an intensification of the hydrological cycle, resulting in greater variability in precipitation patterns and an increase in the intensity and frequency of severe storms and other extreme events. In other words, climate change will likely increase the risks of flooding in many areas. Structural and non-structural countermeasures are available to reduce flood vulnerability, but implementing new measures can be a lengthy process requiring political and financial support. In order to help guide such policy decisions, a method for assessing flood vulnerability due to climate change is proposed. In this preliminary study, multivariate analysis has been used to develop a Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI), which allows for a comparative analysis of flood vulnerability between different basins. Once fully developed, the FVI will also allow users to identify the main factors responsible for a basin's vulnerability, making it a valuable tool to assist in priority setting within decision-making processes.

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