scholarly journals КОМПРЕСІЙНА АСФІКСІЯ

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (11(41)) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Хоботова Наталія Володимирівна ◽  
Єхалов Василій Вталійович
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
The Face

Compression asphyxia is a type of mechanical asphyxia when breathing stops with external pressure on the body, which leads to the absence of respiratory movements and disrupts venous return from the head. With a strong compression of the chest, a reflex spasm of the glottis occurs, which contributes to an increase in intrathoracic pressure, reverse venous blood flow and an obstruction of venous flow to the heart occur. A sharp increase in intracranial pressure and venous congestive congestion / hemorrhage deepen central respiratory failure. Mild degree: mental agitation; puffy face, slight cyanosis; individual conjunctival petechiae; tachypnea. Medium degree: light or heavy stunning, lost orientation; the face is puffy, cyanotic; swelling of the cervical veins, acrocyanosis; multiple petechiae that spread across the face, neck, conjunctiva of the eyes, inspiratory dyspnea, visual impairment. Severe degree: stupor or coma, sharp cyanosis of the whole body, exophthalmos; swelling of the face, neck and shoulder girdle, arms, multiple petechiae of the face, neck, arms, legs, conjunctiva of the eyes, swelling of the cervical veins, cyanosis and edema of the upper half of the body; superficial breathing, frequent, in the absence of treatment passes to agonal and apnea. Intensive care includes analgesia, oxygenation or mechanical ventilation, anticonvulsant, dehydration and decongestant therapy, prevention of acute kidney damage, DIC, septic complications, and treatment of posthypoxic encephalopathy.

Effect of facial cooling on tympanic temperature

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Thomas ◽  
MV Savage ◽  
GL Brengelmann
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Esophageal Temperature ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Facial Cooling

BACKGROUND: In clinical practice, tympanic temperature is used as an estimate of body temperature. Theoretically, temperature recorded directly from the tympanum reflects the temperature of arterial blood circulating to the brain. However, some studies do not support this connection. Ear-based thermometers in clinical use, commonly called tympanic thermometers, detect heat emission from the aural canal and tympanum. Dissociation of core body temperature and tympanic temperature would suggest that factors other than arterial blood perfusion affect tympanic temperature. METHODS: In a controlled laboratory experiment with four adult volunteers, esophageal and tympanic temperatures were recorded repeatedly at 2-minute intervals during whole-body heating and cooling. Facial cooling, produced by a small electrical fan, was used in three subjects. RESULTS: The gradient between tympanic and esophageal temperature was inconsistent across subjects, with tympanic temperature both higher and lower than esophageal temperature. Correlations between esophageal and tympanic temperature varied widely across subjects. Fanning the face produced a decrease in tympanic temperature without an accompanying decline in esophageal temperature. CONCLUSIONS: Facial cooling in the form of fanning altered the relationship between tympanic and esophageal temperature. This result suggests the possible lowering of tympanic temperature by cooled facial venous blood flow. Use of tympanic temperature in circumstances in which facial temperature may be different from that of other regions of the body deserves further study.

Skin Perfusion, Arterial and Venous Blood Flow, and Soft Tissue Thickness in Relation to Pressure Ulcers

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abinand Manorama ◽  
Tamara Reid Bush
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Skin Perfusion ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness

Pressure ulcers have been a concern in healthcare settings, with more than 50% of bedridden or wheelchair-bound patients being affected [1]. Pressure ulcers typically occur on a region of the body that experiences forces from an external structure (e.g. bed, wheelchair). Researchers believe that such forces cause a decrease in blood flow, which results in tissue necrosis, causing pressure ulcers [2].

Contribution of Inertia on Venous Flow in the Lower Limb during Stationary Gait

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Thomas Aubert ◽  
Christian Ribreau
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Axial Component ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Collapsible Tubes ◽  
Body Forces

Blood flows toward the heart through collapsible vessels, the veins. The equations of flow in collapsible tubes in motion show a strong dependence on body forces resulting from gravity and acceleration. This paper analyzes the contribution of body forces to venous blood flow during walking on level ground. It combines the biomechanics of gait and theory of collapsible tubes to point out that body forces due to gravity and limb acceleration cannot be overlooked when considering the determinants of venous blood flow during locomotion. The study involved the development of a kinematic model of the limb as a multi-pendulum arrangement in which the limb segments undergo angular displacements. Angular velocities and accelerations were determined and the body forces were calculated during various phases of the gait cycle. A vascular model of the leg's major venous system was also constructed, and the accelerations due to body and gravity forces were calculated in specific venous segments, using the data from the kinematic model. The results showed there were large, fast variations in the axial component (Gx–Mx) of the body forces in veins between the hip and the ankle. Acceleration peaks down to –2G were obtained at normal locomotion. At fast locomotion, a distal vein in the shank displayed values of (Gx–Mx)/G equal to –3.2. Given the down-to-up orientation of the x-axis, the axial component Mx was usually positive in the axial veins, and Mx could shift from positive to negative during the gait cycle in the popliteal vein and the dorsal venous arch.

Systemic and diaphragmatic oxygen delivery-consumption relationships during hemorrhage

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Ward ◽  
H. Chang ◽  
F. Erice ◽  
S. N. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Extraction Ratio ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Inferior Phrenic Artery ◽  
Left Hemidiaphragm ◽  
O2 Extraction ◽  
O2 Delivery

When tissue O2 delivery falls below a critical threshold, tissue O2 uptake (VO2) becomes limited. We compared critical O2 delivery and critical and maximum O2 extraction ratios of the resting and contracting left hemidiaphragm with those of nondiaphragmatic tissues in seven dogs. The left hemidiaphragm was perfused through the left inferior phrenic artery with blood from the left femoral artery. Phrenic venous blood was sampled through a catheter in the inferior phrenic vein. Systemic O2 delivery was reduced in stages by controlled hemorrhage. Left diaphragmatic VO2 during rest and during 3 min of continuous stimulation (3 Hz) of the left phrenic nerve and VO2 of the remaining nonleft hemidiaphragmatic tissues were measured at each stage. Critical diaphragmatic O2 delivery for the resting diaphragm averaged 0.8 +/- 0.16 ml.min-1.100 g-1 with a critical O2 extraction ratio of 65.5 +/- 6%. In the contracting diaphragm, they averaged 5.1 +/- 0.9 ml.min-1.100 g-1 and 81 +/- 5%, respectively. Whole body O2 delivery at which resting diaphragmatic VO2 became supply limited was similar to that for nondiaphragmatic tissues. By comparison, supply limitation of VO2 occurred at a higher systemic O2 delivery in the contracting diaphragm than in the rest of the body despite the increase in critical diaphragmatic extraction ratio. Thus, oxygenation of the isolated diaphragm does not appear to be preferentially preserved during generalized reductions in O2 delivery. These results suggest that, in diseases associated with increased work of breathing and decreased O2 delivery, the diaphragm may become metabolically impaired before limitation of VO2 is observed systemically.

scholarly journals Effect of spontaneous breathing on umbilical venous blood flow and placental transfusion during delayed cord clamping in preterm lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Brouwer ◽  
Arjan B te Pas ◽  
Graeme R Polglase ◽  
Erin V McGillick ◽  
Stefan Böhringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Delayed Cord Clamping ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
Pregnant Sheep

IntroductionDuring delayed umbilical cord clamping, the factors underpinning placental transfusion remain unknown. We hypothesised that reductions in thoracic pressure during inspiration would enhance placental transfusion in spontaneously breathing preterm lambs.ObjectiveInvestigate the effect of spontaneous breathing on umbilical venous flow and body weight in preterm lambs.MethodsPregnant sheep were instrumented at 132–133 days gestational age to measure fetal common umbilical venous, pulmonary and cerebral blood flows as well as arterial and intrapleural (IP) pressures. At delivery, doxapram and caffeine were administered to promote breathing. Lamb body weights were measured continuously and breathing was assessed by IP pressure changes.ResultsIn 6 lambs, 491 out of 1117 breaths were analysed for change in body weight. Weight increased in 46.6% and decreased in 47.5% of breaths. An overall mean increase of 0.02±2.5 g per breath was calculated, and no net placental transfusion was observed prior to cord clamping (median difference in body weight 52.3 [−54.9–166.1] g, p=0.418). Umbilical venous (UV) flow transiently decreased with each inspiration, and in some cases ceased, before UV flow normalised during expiration. The reduction in UV flow was positively correlated with the standardised reduction in (IP) pressure, increasing by 109 mL/min for every SD reduction in IP pressure. Thus, the reduction in UV flow was closely related to inspiratory depth.ConclusionsSpontaneous breathing had no net effect on body weight in preterm lambs at birth. UV blood flow decreased as inspiratory effort increased, possibly due to constriction of the inferior vena cava caused by diaphragmatic contraction, as previously observed in human fetuses.

Midline skull tumors

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. S44-S45
Author(s):  
M Maleki
Keyword(s):  
Rare Case ◽  
Venous Return ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Skull Tumors ◽  
Visual Blurring

Introduction: Variety of tumors could involve the skull; however, very few may occur over the midline. Some may affect venous blood flow of superior sagittal sinus. Few challenging cases are presented Material: 1-Rare case of osteoblastoma over the torcula, (headache, visual symptoms, papilledema, VI nerve palsy). 2- Rare case of metastatic liposarcoma involving midsagital sinus, partially occluding it (headache and visual blurring). 3- A huge atypical (grade2) meningioma over the vertex Method: Case #1, the tumor over the venous confluences (torcula) was removed easily, without any complications. Complete resolution of symptoms Case #2, complete en-block resection of tumor, with sacrifice of mid-sagittal portion of sinus, without any neurological sequellae. Case #3, subtotal resection, followed by radiotherapy.Discussion &Conclusion: Anterior 3rd of sagital sinus could be sacrificed (if necessary), without major consequences. However, whenever mid or posterior portion of the sinus is involved, interruption of venous flow could pose very serious complications. Occasionally, chronic compression of sinus may force increasing collateral venous return, in which case one may attempt a complete resection of the lesion, with sacrifice of part of the sinus, as in our second case. In the region of torcula, however, one should be very careful not to damage it

Glutamine and glutamate kinetics in humans

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
pp. E117-E126 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Darmaun ◽  
D. E. Matthews ◽  
D. M. Bier
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glutamine Metabolism ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Healthy Young Adult ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Fractional Turnover

To study glutamate and glutamine kinetics, 4-h unprimed intravenous infusions of L-[15N]glutamate, L-[2-15N]glutamine, and L-[5-15N]-glutamine were administered to healthy young adult male subjects in the postabsorptive state. Arterialized-venous blood samples were drawn and analyzed for glutamate and glutamine 15N enrichments. The fractional turnover rates of the tracer-miscible glutamate and glutamine pools were fast, 8.0 and 2.8% min-1, respectively. The glutamate tracer-miscible pool accounted for less than one-tenth the estimated free glutamate pool in the body. The plasma glutamate amino N, glutamine amino N and glutamine amide N rates of appearance were 83 +/- 22 (means +/- SD), 348 +/- 33, and 283 +/- 31 mumol X kg-1 X h-1, respectively. The glutamine amide N appearance rate was 20% slower than the amino N appearance rate, indicating that glutamine transaminase is an active pathway in human glutamine metabolism. From measurement of transfer of tracer 15N, we found that only 5% of the glutamine synthesized in cells and released into plasma was derived from intracellular glutamate that had mixed with plasma. These data demonstrate that intravenously administered tracers of glutamate or glutamine do not mix thoroughly with the intracellular pools, and their measured kinetics reflect transport rates through plasma rather than whole-body fluxes.

Selective regulation of brain and body temperatures in the squirrel monkey

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (2) ◽  
pp. R293-R297 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Fuller ◽  
M. A. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Brain Temperature ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Saimiri Sciureus ◽  
Brain Cooling ◽  
The Face ◽  
Body Core

Many panting mammals can cool the brain below body core temperature during heat stress. Studies on human subjects suggest that primates may also be able selectively to regulate brain temperature. We examined this possibility by measuring hypothalamic (Thy) and colonic (Tco) temperatures of unanesthetized squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) in two different experiments. First, Thy and Tco were examined at four different ambient temperatures (Ta) between 20 and 36 degrees C. Over this range of Ta, Thy was regulated within a narrower range than Tco. In the cold Ta, Tco was lower than Thy; whereas in warm Ta, Tco was higher than Thy. Second, monkeys maintained at 35 degrees C Ta were acutely exposed to cool air blown on the face or abdomen. Air directed at the face cooled Thy more and faster than Tco, whereas air directed at the abdomen cooled Tco and Thy at the same rate. The second experiment was repeated in anesthetized animals with a thermocouple in the right atrium, and the results showed that this brain cooling was not produced by cooling of blood in the body core. These data demonstrate that the squirrel monkey is capable of selectively regulating Thy. Further the results suggest that venous blood returning from the face may be involved in selective brain cooling in warm environments.

scholarly journals Effect of body movements in the venous blood flow and lymphatic circulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pinto-Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Venous Stasis ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Lymphatic Circulation

The studies of ballistocardiography about the effect of cardiovascular activity in body motion raised the author interest in the research of the influence of body movements in the circulatory flow in venous and lymphatic vessels. These effects follow Sir Isaac Newton laws. With the body movement, the one-way valve structure of these vessels will cause a mobilization of venous blood and lymph to the proximal side. A model was built to demonstrate the effect of oscillatory movement in a liquid flow in a system of one-way valve. There was a rise of the liquid with difference in level that ranged from 9 cm up to 34 cm, depending on the amplitude and frequency. The model tried to mimic a segment of vein with its valve, and evaluate the effectiveness of oscillatory movements in the progression of the liquid, In a preliminary study, to assess the effect of oscillatory movements on leg swelling, this movements was applied in a clinical cases. There was regression of the oedema and circumference on the leg, by oscillatory movements, that was correlated with increase in lymphatic and venous drainage. Venous stasis is a predisposing factor of venous thromboembolism. How we extrapolate from the experimental model, the oscillatory movements of the legs improving venous circulation may contribute to the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism. In conclusion, it is of interest to study its application in some situations of venous thromboembolism risk.

scholarly journals The postural system as a functional venous pump

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vladimir Usachev ◽  
Pierre-Marie Gagey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Popliteal Vein ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Circulation ◽  
Postural System

Background: In the 90s, Inamura et al. have drawn our attention to the role played by the postural system in the return venous circulation, thanks to plethysmographic recordings which gave free rein to the imagination of the authors to suppose the functioning mechanisms of this venous pump. In 2010, two anatomists, Uhl & Gillot, transformed our representation of the venous network and made assumptions about the functioning of the venous pump. Objective/ Methods: The aim of this work is to verify these hypotheses by scanning the venous blood flow at the level of the sinus soleus and the popliteal vein during various posture-kinetic situations. Conclusion: These studies fully confirm the hypotheses. It is therefore likely that the postural system intervenes not only in the phenomena of stabilisation of the body, but also in the back venous circulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document