scholarly journals International Comparisons of Economic Burden of EndStage Renal Disease to the National Healthcare Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail H ◽  
Abdul Manaf MR ◽  
Abdul Gafor AH ◽  
Mohamad Zaher ZM ◽  
Nur Ibrahim AI
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
National Health ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Esrd Patient ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Healthcare ◽  
Out Of Pocket Payments

The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is between 11 to 13%. Renal replacement therapies (RRT) – which include dialysis and renal transplantation – consume a significant portion of a country’s health resources even though only 0.1% of all CKD patients are at stage 5, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The aim of this review was to compare the magnitude of the economic burden of ESRD on national healthcare systems of selected countries with high prevalence of ESRD including Malaysia. The quantity of interest in this review were total ESRD expenditures and its proportions to the national health systems' expenditure. It was identified that total ESRD expenditure contributes between 0.91% to 7.1% of national health system expenditure in countries selected for this review. In Malaysia, the public sector - through its various agencies at the federal and state levels, accounted for almost 70% of dialysis funding; the remaining 30% came from the private sector and out-of-pocket payments. The ESRD expenditures in Malaysia constitutes 4.2% of total health expenditure by the public sector, relatively high compared to other countries. This review will summarise findings of the currently available economic evaluations of RRT in Malaysia. Based on available evidence, estimated weighted cost of treating ESRD patient in Malaysia is MYR39,346 per patient per year (USD26,648, PPP 2016).

scholarly journals Decentralization in the Public Sector

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Arrowsmith ◽  
Keith Sisson
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Health Service ◽  
International Development ◽  
National Health ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Paradigm Case ◽  
The Public

Summary Decentralization has been an important international development in large organizations, including those in the public sector, in recent years. The introduction of self-governing trusts in the U.K. National Health Service in the early 1990s serves as a paradigm case of public sector decentralization, managerialism and marketization. Local managers were able to develop their own employment arrangements in order to improve the recruitment, retention and deployment of labour. This article finds that pay initiatives were subverted by environmental constraints but change proceeded in the organization of working time. The findings have implications beyond the U.K. and health service context, notably the conceptual relevance of the “firm-in-sector” framework and the policy limits and potential of decentralization.

scholarly journals The Development of a Consistent Europe-Wide Approach to Investigating the Economic Impact of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS): A Report from the European Network on ME/CFS (EUROMENE)

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek F.H. Pheby ◽  
Diana Araja ◽  
Uldis Berkis ◽  
Elenka Brenna ◽  
John Cullinan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Effective Prevention

We have developed a Europe-wide approach to investigating the economic impact of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), facilitating acquisition of information on the economic burden of ME/CFS, and international comparisons of economic costs between countries. The economic burden of ME/CFS in Europe appears large, with productivity losses most significant, giving scope for substantial savings through effective prevention and treatment. However, economic studies of ME/CFS, including cost-of-illness analyses and economic evaluations of interventions, are problematic due to different, arbitrary case definitions, and unwillingness of doctors to diagnose it. We therefore lack accurate incidence and prevalence data, with no obvious way to estimate costs incurred by undiagnosed patients. Other problems include, as for other conditions, difficulties estimating direct and indirect costs incurred by healthcare systems, patients and families, and heterogeneous healthcare systems and patterns of economic development across countries. We have made recommendations, including use of the Fukuda (CDC-1994) case definition and Canadian Consensus Criteria (CCC), a pan-European common symptom checklist, and implementation of prevalence-based cost-of-illness studies in different countries using an agreed data list. We recommend using purchasing power parities (PPP) to facilitate international comparisons, and EuroQol-5D as a generic measure of health status and multi-attribute utility instrument to inform future economic evaluations in ME/CFS.

Web Services in Government Policy

2011 ◽  
pp. 2253-2271
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Guah
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Web Services ◽  
National Health ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Electronic Delivery

The public sector accounts for a greater proportion of United Kingdom’s information technology (IT) spending, but cutting edge success stories in government IT are suddenly reported in popular press. As a result of the electronic delivery of government services (i.e. the National Health Service, Defence and Criminal Justice systems) becomes more commonplace, the public sector is becoming increasingly dependent on technology. This chapter reports on a three years research, which looks at the application of Web Services into United Kingdom healthcare as a fulfilment of numerous semi- and unsuccessful IT projects, that fell-short of delivering any tangible benefits. The author looks at the National Health Service’s current IS strategy—fully dependent on Web services application—with the criteria of successful implementation, return on investment, increased productivity, innovation and user benefits.

Pension reforms

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Mark Blakeman
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health ◽  
Sales Manager ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Pension Reforms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Look Ahead

Dentists working in the NHS will be well aware that there are a number of changes taking place in the public sector pension scheme. Mark Blakeman, National Sales Manager at Wesleyan Medical Sickness, looks at how changes to the National Health Service (NHS) pension scheme are affecting the profession and provides an update and look ahead to what happens next.

A Comparative Study of Admissions to Two Public Sector Regional Secure Units and One Independent Medium-Secure Psychiatric Hospital

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina R Moss
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
National Health ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Public ◽  
Independent Sector ◽  
Secure Psychiatric Care

To date there has been no research carried out in respect of the contribution being made by the independent sector to medium-secure psychiatric care. There are also no published studies comparing the provision of the independent sector with that of the public sector. As such this is a neglected field of study. This paper examines the characteristics of patients admitted to one independent medium-secure psychiatric hospital and two regional secure units in terms of their demographic characteristics, source, detention under the Mental Health Act, 1983, psychiatric diagnosis, criminal history and discharge. The results of the study are tested for their significance using the chi-square distribution. There is discussion of how the independent sector may be providing a service either unavailable within the National Health Service or for which the National Health Service is unsuitable in terms of patients either requiring medium- to long-term hospital care in conditions of security or those who cannot live independently and therefore require ‘asylum’, which is no longer an option within the National Health Service. In this sense, the independent sector could be seen as meeting a national need by acting as a ‘safety valve’ for National Health Service facilities.

Macro-economic evaluations of the potential offered by extending community services : a brief summary

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-443
Author(s):  
Gilbert Cette
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Financial Transfers ◽  
Employment Benefits ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Public Subsidies ◽  
Local Services ◽  
Positive Assessment

The few existing macro-economic estimates of the potential of an extension of local services provide a convergent message : the development of local services by means of public subsidies can lead to positive effects on employment. A positive assessment is obtained via two different channels. First of all via the traditional effects of financial transfers to households or the creation of public sector jobs. Assuming, however, as is only realistic, no change in the public sector balance, these positive effects disappear. Secondly the effects of changes in the structure of household consumption, which is enriched by the provision of local services, which then provide employment benefits. But it must be stressed that these macro-economic estimates are inevitably based upon a large number of prescriptive hypotheses which cannot but make them rather fragile in quantitative terms.

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