قــســـمــة الأعــيــان: دراسة فقهية مقارنة (The Division of Objects: A Juridical Comparative Study), (Pembahagian Harta: Kajian Fiqh Perbandingan)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
مازن مصباح صباح
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Common

ملخص  البحث يتناول هذا البحث موضوعاً متعلقاً بقسمة المال المشترك بين الشركاء وهو قسمة الأعيان التي تعد نوعاً من أنواع القسمة. ولقد جاء هذا البحث في أربعة مباحث، في المبحث الأول: عرَّفنا القسمة وبينا مشروعيتها وأهميتها، وجاء المبحث الثاني متضمناً أنواع قسمة الأعيان، وأمَّا المبحث الثالث فقد جاء متضمناً بيان الضرر الذي ينشأ عن القسمة والذي قد يلحق بالشركاء جميعاً أو بأحدهم، وفي المبحث الرابع والأخير بينا حكم بيع المال المشترك الذي لا يمكن قسمته، ثم جاءت الخاتمة متضمنة أهم نتائج البحث. الكلمات الرئيسة: قسمة الأعيان، الشركاء، بيع المال، المال المشترك، قسمة المنافع. Abstract This research focuses on an issue that is related to the division of common property among partners, which is the division of objects. The research includes four sections. In the first section, we have defined the division (al-qismah) and showed its legitimacy and importance. The second section shows the kinds of the division of objects (qismat al-a‘yÉn), whereas the third discusses the damages arising from the division and which may harm all partners or any of them. In the fourth section, we have showed the rule of selling the common property which cannot be divided. Finally, the conclusion includes the most significant findings of the research.    Key Words: Division of Objects, Partners, Sale of Property, Common Property, Division of Benefits. Abstrak Kajian ini menyelidik isu itu pembahagian harta sepencarian antara rakan-rakan kongsi. Ia adalah berkenaan pembahagian aset-aset dan juga jenis bahagian-bahagiannya. Kajian ini merangkumi empat bidang. Dalam bidang pertama, kami menyatakan takrifan bahagian dan menyatakan aspek perundangannya. Bidang kedua menunjukkan jenis-jenis aset-aset, manakala bidang yang ketiga membincangkan perkara-perkara negatif yang mungkin muncul daripada pembahagian itu yang boleh memberikan kesan kepada rakan-rakan kongsi yang berkenaan. Dalam bidang keempat, kami menyatakan undang-undang berkenaan penjualan harta sepencarian yang tidak boleh dibahagikan. Akhirnya, kesimpulan akan menyatakan dapatan-dapatan kajian yang terpenting.  Kata Kunci: Pembahagian Harta, Perkongsian, Jual-beli, Harta Perkongsian, Pembahagian Manafaat.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON GONO GINI'S ASSETS DUE TO A DEATH ACCORDING TO THE ISLAMIC LAW AND POSITIVE LAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pardan Syafrudin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Community Property ◽  
Communal Property ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Legal Restriction ◽  
The Common ◽  
Husband And Wife

The Common properties (community property) is an asset that the husband and wife acquired during the household lifes, which both of them is agree that after united through marriage bonds, that the property produced by one or both of them will be common property. It shows, that if there's an agreement between husband and wife before marriage (did not to unify their property), then the property produced both will not become a joint treasure. Thus, if a husband or wife dies, or divorces, then the property owned by both of them can be distributed in accordance with their respective shares, another case when the two couples are not making an agreement, then the property gained during marriage bonds can be divided into types of communal property. In Islamic law, this kind of treasure is not contained in the Qur'an or Sunnah. Nor in Islamic jurisprudence. However, Islamic law legalizes the existence of common property as long as it is applicable in a society and the benefit in the distribution of such property. In contrast to the positive law, this property types have been regulated and described in the Marriage Law, as well as the Islamic Law Compilations, which became the legal restriction in the affairs of marriage in force in Indonesia. In this study, the author tries to compile the existence of common property according to the Islamic law reviews and positive law.

Sources Of Law and Legal Method in Comparative Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 875-901
Author(s):  
Stefan Vogenauer
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
P Sources

Sources of law serve to separate the province of law from the realm of non-law. Only propositions that are derived from a valid source of law are genuinely legal propositions. This article outlines the role of sources of law and legal method in the study of comparative law. The second section explains why these topics have been central to comparative legal scholarship from its very beginnings. The third section attempts to clarify their ambit for the purposes of comparative study, and identifies the pitfalls lurking for the comparative lawyer who wants to determine another system’s sources of law and the methodological approach prevailing there. The fourth section gives an overview of the most important comparative studies specifically dedicated to these matters. The fifth section maps out some areas which merit further research.

scholarly journals Effects of commonality in transaction contracts and their provisions – Comparative Jurisprudence Study –: آثار الشيوع في عقود المعاملات وأحكامها – دراسة فقهية مقارنة –

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-35
Author(s):  
Shamsul Alam Mohammed Fayaz Al-Ghazi Shamsul Alam Mohammed Fayaz Al-Ghazi
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Common

This research deals with the rule of benefiting from the common share and its effects on transaction contracts; this research has been presented in five sections. In the first, I explained the commons and its causes with mentioning their types. In the second, I knew the effects of commonality in companies and demonstrated the dispute of jurists regarding the requirement of communality in the profit of the company. The third came indicating the effects of common property in mortgage, including the doctrine of the jurists in that and their evidence and what was mentioned in the discussions, indicating the most correct saying of the scholars. On the fourth, I explained the provisions of common lease between two partners. The fifth section included the doctrines of jurists in the endowment of one of the partners share of the public domain, explaining the evidence of jurists in that and what was mentioned in the discussions and indicated the most correct in it; then it was concluded with a conclusion that included the most important results and recommendations.

Sources of Law and Legal Method in Comparative Law

2006 ◽  
pp. 868-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Vogenauer
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
P Sources

Sources of law serve to separate the province of law from the realm of non-law. Only propositions that are derived from a valid source of law are genuinely legal propositions. This article outlines the role of sources of law and legal method in the study of comparative law. The second section explains why these topics have been central to comparative legal scholarship from its very beginnings. The third section attempts to clarify their ambit for the purposes of comparative study, and identifies the pitfalls lurking for the comparative lawyer who wants to determine another system's sources of law and the methodological approach prevailing there. The fourth section gives an overview of the most important comparative studies specifically dedicated to these matters. The fifth section maps out some areas which merit further research.

scholarly journals Justificação, coerência e circularidade

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlio César Burdzinski
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Epistemic Justification ◽  
Propositional Justification ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Doxastic Justification ◽  
Inferential Justification ◽  
The Third ◽  
Non Linear

Este artigo está organizado do seguinte modo: na primeira seção, apresento as raízes histórico-filosóficas dos problemas do conhecimento e da justificação; na segunda, traço a distinção entre verdade e justificação epistêmica; a terceira seção é dedicada ao problema da circularidade, problema tradicionalmente imputado ao coerentismo; na quarta seção, apresento uma noção heterodoxa de justificação, a justificação sistêmica; na quinta, apresento e critico uma outra noção heterodoxa de justificação, a justificação inferencial não-linear; na sexta seção, apresento mais algumas distinções importantes e destaco as formas proposicional e doxástica da justificação; o exame destas formas é desenvolvido subseqüentemente na sétima seção; concluo o artigo com uma reflexão acerca da natureza e dos limites de minha proposta. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Conhecimento. Coerentismo. Circularidade. Justificação epistêmica. Justificação proposicional. Justificação doxástica. ABSTRACT This paper has the following structure: on the first section, I report on the historical and philosophical roots of the problems of knowledge and justification; on the second, I lay out the distinction between truth and epistemic justification; the third section is devoted to the problem of circularity, a problem often attributed to coherentism; on the fourth section, I introduce an unorthodox notion of justification, systemic justification; on the fifth, I present and criticize another unorthodox notion of justification, non-linear inferential justification; on the sixth, I discuss a few other distinctions and focus on the propositional and doxastic forms of justification; the examination of those forms is subsequently developed on the seventh section; I conclude with a reflection on the nature and limits of my proposal. KEY WORDS – Knowledge. Coherentism. Circularity. Epistemic justification. Propositional justification. Doxastic justification.

Reason or Mumbo Jumbo: The Common Law’s Approach to Property

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Social Convention ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mumbo Jumbo ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

The reasoning in common law cases and in the commentaries built upon them appears nowhere more arcane than when it is dealing with property. It is supposed to be concerned with who owns what, or has rights and responsibilities in respect of which, resources; but it is sprinkled with technicalities and in-bred conceptualisations. This chapter is organized as follows. The second section considers some reactions, in the history of political philosophy and social theory, to these peculiarities of the common law. The third section addresses claims that, within the law of modern property systems and especially those derived from the common law, the concept of property has disintegrated, so that it no longer means anything to say that a person ‘owns’ a resource. The fourth section shows how, despite its technical overlays, the common law does deploy conceptions of ownership. That is the key to the ethical underpinning of common law reasoning in relation to property. The fifth section considers instances of purely doctrinal reasoning. It suggests that what looks like dogma for dogma's sake may, after all, have ethical foundations. The chapter concludes that, at its best, the reasoning of the common law, like other juristic doctrine, represents a specialist variety of social convention whereby the mix of sound property-specific justice reasons is made concrete. Surface reasoning is peculiar to lawyers. Underlying justifications are not.

أصول قـراءة إبـراهـيـم بـن أبـي عـبـلـة: دراسـة صـوتـيـة Phonetic study of Ibrahim ibn Abi ‘Ablah’s Principles of Qur’anic Recitation Style

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
عادل محمد عبد الرحمن الشنداح (Al- Shandah)
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Full Stop ◽  
Glottal Stop ◽  
Phonetic Study ◽  
Selection Of

يدرس البحث واحدة من القراءات القرآنية الشاذة، ألا وهي قراءة إبراهيم بن أبي عبلة، ولقد قسّمتُ الدراسة على: المقدمة، فذكرتُ فيها سبب اختياري للموضوع وأهميته والهدف منه ومعالجة متطلبات الإشكالية، وألحقتُ عناصر البحث بالمقدمة؛  وكانت كالآتي: المبحث الأول: قمتُ بدراسة الهمزة، والمبحث الثاني: درستُ فيه الإبدال، والمبحث الثالث: درستُ فيه الوقف، والمبحث الرابع: درستُ الإعلال، وجاء المبحث الخامس لدراسة الإتباع الحركي، وخصصتُ المبحث السادس لدراسة المدّ والقصر، بينما جاء المبحث السابع لدراسة التخفيف والتشديد، وأنهيتُ البحث بخاتمة أجملتُ فيها أهم ما توصلت إليه، والنتائج العلمية، ثم ذكرت قائمة المظان الأصلية التي استقيت منها البيانات التفصيلية.الكلمات المفتاحية: ابراهيم بن أبي عبلة، القراءات الشاذة، الظواهر الصوتية، الكوفيون، البصريون.*********************This research analyzes one of the anomalous styles of the Qur’anic recitations attributed to Ibrahim ibn Abi ‘Ablah. The study is divided into two sections: the introduction and discussion. In the introduction, the researcher states the reason for the selection of the subject for this study; its scope and objectives; and gives an account on the treatment of the requisites of paradox. The main body of the research includes: the first section undertakes the study of hamzah (alphabet that represents a glottal stop); the second section undertakes the study of Ibdāl (mutation of a phonetic character); the third section studies waqf (full stop); the fourth section studies I‘lāl; the fifth section studies motional appending; the sixth section studies vowels and ligatures; and the seventh section studies phonetic commutation and stressing. The researcher finally concluded the research, briefed the results and findings, and mentioned the original sources from which detailed data were drawn.   Key words: Ibrahim ibn Abi ‘Ablah, Anomalous Recitations, Acoustic Phenomena, Grammarians of Koufah, grammarians of Basrah.

scholarly journals Calvin on Human Reason

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolaas Vorster
Keyword(s):  
Social Ethics ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Grace ◽  
Intellectual Environment

In his recent book The Unintended Reformation, Brad Gregory makes the statement that the Reformation replaced the teleological social ethics of Roman Catholicism based on virtue with formal social ethics based on rules and enforced by magistrates, because they regarded human reason as too depraved to acquire virtue. The result, according to Gregory, is that the relation between internalised values and rules were undermined. This article asks whether this accusation is true with regard to Calvin. The first section discusses the intellectual environment of Calvin’s day – something that inevitably influenced his theory on reason, whilst the second part analyses Calvin’s view on the created nature of reason. The third section investigates Calvin’s view on the effects of sin on reason; and the fourth section discusses Calvin’s perspective on the relation between grace and reason. The article concludes that Gregory’s accusation against the Reformation is not applicable to Calvin. Gregory fails to take into account Calvin’s modified position that the imago Dei was not totally destroyed by sin as well as his teaching on common grace that maintains that even non-believers are able to acquire virtue through the common grace of God.Calvyn oor Menslike Rede. In sy onlangse boek, The Unintended Reformation, maak Brad Gregory die stelling dat die Reformasie die substantiewe teleologiese deugde-etiek van die Rooms-Katolisisme vervang het met ‘n formele etiek gebaseer op reëls wat deur magistrate afgedwing moet word. Die Reformasie was, volgens Gregory, van mening dat die menslike rede sodanig deur sonde geskend is dat die mens nie langer deugde kan beoefen nie. Dit het tot ‘n skadelike skeiding tussen waardes en reëls gelei. Hierdie artikel ondersoek die vraag of Gregory se stelling op Calvyn van toepassing is. Die eerste afdeling bespreek die intellektuele omgewing waarin Calvyn gewerk het. Tweedens word Gregory se siening van die geskape struktuur van die rede bespreek. Die derde afdeling ondersoek Calvyn se siening oor die effek van sonde op die menslike rede; en in die vierde afdeling word daar gekyk na Calvyn se perspektief op die verhouding tussen genade en rede. Die artikel kom tot die slotsom dat Gregory se bewering nie op Calvyn van toepassing gemaak kan word nie. Gregory neem verkeerdelik aan dat Calvyn die siening handhaaf dat die mens se beeldskap heeltemal deur die sonde vernietig is. Hy verreken geensins Calvyn se doktrine oor God se algemene genade nie. Hierdie doktrine stel onder meer dat God se algemene genade dit vir alle mense moontlik maak om deugde te beoefen.

Mammalian Bone Marrow Acetylcholinesterase

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mammalian Bone

Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) (ACHE) has been localized at cholinergic junctions both in the central nervous system and at the periphery and it functions in neurotransmission. ACHE was also found in other tissues without involvement in neurotransmission, but exhibiting the common property of transporting water and ions. This communication describes intracellular ACHE in mammalian bone marrow and its secretion into the extracellular medium.

Lot's Offer of his Daughters to his People in the Torah and the Qur'an: A Comparative Study in Two Parts (Part One)

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-224
Author(s):  
ʿĀʾiḍ B. Sad Al-Dawsarī
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The story of Lot is one of many shared by the Qur'an and the Torah, and Lot's offer of his two daughters to his people is presented in a similar way in the two books. This article compares the status of Lot in the Qur'an and Torah, and explores the moral dimensions of his character, and what scholars of the two religions make of this story. The significance of the episodes in which Lot offers his daughters to his people lies in the similarities and differences of the accounts given in the two books and the fact that, in both the past and the present, this story has presented moral problems and criticism has been leveled at Lot. Context is crucial in understanding this story, and exploration of the ways in which Lot and his people are presented is also useful in terms of comparative studies of the two scriptures. This article is divided into three sections: the first explores the depiction of Lot in the two texts, the second explores his moral limitations, and the third discusses the interpretations of various exegetes and scholars of the two books. Although there are similarities between the Qur'anic and Talmudic accounts of this episode, it is read differently by scholars from the two religions because of the different contexts of the respective accounts.

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