scholarly journals Justificação, coerência e circularidade

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlio César Burdzinski
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Epistemic Justification ◽  
Propositional Justification ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Doxastic Justification ◽  
Inferential Justification ◽  
The Third ◽  
Non Linear

Este artigo está organizado do seguinte modo: na primeira seção, apresento as raízes histórico-filosóficas dos problemas do conhecimento e da justificação; na segunda, traço a distinção entre verdade e justificação epistêmica; a terceira seção é dedicada ao problema da circularidade, problema tradicionalmente imputado ao coerentismo; na quarta seção, apresento uma noção heterodoxa de justificação, a justificação sistêmica; na quinta, apresento e critico uma outra noção heterodoxa de justificação, a justificação inferencial não-linear; na sexta seção, apresento mais algumas distinções importantes e destaco as formas proposicional e doxástica da justificação; o exame destas formas é desenvolvido subseqüentemente na sétima seção; concluo o artigo com uma reflexão acerca da natureza e dos limites de minha proposta. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Conhecimento. Coerentismo. Circularidade. Justificação epistêmica. Justificação proposicional. Justificação doxástica. ABSTRACT This paper has the following structure: on the first section, I report on the historical and philosophical roots of the problems of knowledge and justification; on the second, I lay out the distinction between truth and epistemic justification; the third section is devoted to the problem of circularity, a problem often attributed to coherentism; on the fourth section, I introduce an unorthodox notion of justification, systemic justification; on the fifth, I present and criticize another unorthodox notion of justification, non-linear inferential justification; on the sixth, I discuss a few other distinctions and focus on the propositional and doxastic forms of justification; the examination of those forms is subsequently developed on the seventh section; I conclude with a reflection on the nature and limits of my proposal. KEY WORDS – Knowledge. Coherentism. Circularity. Epistemic justification. Propositional justification. Doxastic justification.

Competing views

2021 ◽  
pp. 170-188
Author(s):  
Sven Rosenkranz
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Possibility ◽  
Metaphysical Possibility ◽  
Propositional Justification ◽  
Present Account ◽  
Doxastic Justification ◽  
The Third ◽  
Justified Belief ◽  
Rule Out

The present account, which construes justification as a kind of epistemic possibility of knowing, or of being in a position to know, competes with three recently advanced theories of justification. Of these competitors, the first two construe doxastic justification as the metaphysical possibility of knowing. While they differ in some details, these views share certain problematic features: they fail to yield a corresponding account of propositional justification, have trouble vindicating an intuitive principle of closure for justified belief, and fail to comply with the independently plausible principle that if one has a justified belief, one is in no position to rule out that one has knowledge. The present account does not have these problematic features. According to the third competitor, |φ‎| is propositionally justified in one’s situation just in case it would be abnormal—and so require explanation—if |φ‎| were to be false in the presence of the evidence that one possesses in that situation. This normic theory of justification validates the principle that propositional justification agglomerates over conjunction, and in so doing, violates the constraint that propositions of the form ⌜φ‎ & ¬Kφ‎⌝ never be justified. It likewise contradicts the independently plausible principle that whenever |φ‎| is propositionally justified all things considered, |¬Kφ‎| is not. The present account does not face these problems, since it rejects the relevant agglomeration principle and treats the condition encoded by ⌜¬K¬Kφ‎⌝ as luminous.

scholarly journals On the Relationship between Propositional and Doxastic Justification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Turri
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Justification ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Propositional Justification ◽  
Doxastic Justification ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Orthodox View

I argue against the orthodox view of the relationship between propositional and doxastic justification. The view under criticism is: if p is propositionally justified for S in virtue of S’s having reason(s) R, and S believes p on the basis of R, then S’s belief that p is doxastically justified. I then propose and evaluate alternative accounts of the relationship between propositional and doxastic justification, and conclude that we should explain propositional justification in terms of doxastic justification. If correct, this proposal would constitute a significant advance in our understanding of the sources of epistemic justification.

Concluding Remarks

2021 ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
Sven Rosenkranz
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Justification ◽  
Propositional Justification ◽  
Doxastic Justification ◽  
Negative Introspection

According to the account of epistemic justification developed in this book, one has propositional justification for p just in case one is in no position to know that one is in no position to know p; and one has doxastic justification for p just in case one is in no position to know that one does not know p. The account gives internalists much of what they want from a theory of justification—in particular, a notion of justification according to which propositional justification is non-factive and luminous, underwrites principles of positive and negative introspection, and remains available to the victims of systematic deception. All the while, that notion is explained in terms of other notions that clearly belong to the knowledge-firsters’ toolkit, and coheres with an externalist account of the grounds for justification.

قــســـمــة الأعــيــان: دراسة فقهية مقارنة (The Division of Objects: A Juridical Comparative Study), (Pembahagian Harta: Kajian Fiqh Perbandingan)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
مازن مصباح صباح
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Common

ملخص  البحث يتناول هذا البحث موضوعاً متعلقاً بقسمة المال المشترك بين الشركاء وهو قسمة الأعيان التي تعد نوعاً من أنواع القسمة. ولقد جاء هذا البحث في أربعة مباحث، في المبحث الأول: عرَّفنا القسمة وبينا مشروعيتها وأهميتها، وجاء المبحث الثاني متضمناً أنواع قسمة الأعيان، وأمَّا المبحث الثالث فقد جاء متضمناً بيان الضرر الذي ينشأ عن القسمة والذي قد يلحق بالشركاء جميعاً أو بأحدهم، وفي المبحث الرابع والأخير بينا حكم بيع المال المشترك الذي لا يمكن قسمته، ثم جاءت الخاتمة متضمنة أهم نتائج البحث. الكلمات الرئيسة: قسمة الأعيان، الشركاء، بيع المال، المال المشترك، قسمة المنافع. Abstract This research focuses on an issue that is related to the division of common property among partners, which is the division of objects. The research includes four sections. In the first section, we have defined the division (al-qismah) and showed its legitimacy and importance. The second section shows the kinds of the division of objects (qismat al-a‘yÉn), whereas the third discusses the damages arising from the division and which may harm all partners or any of them. In the fourth section, we have showed the rule of selling the common property which cannot be divided. Finally, the conclusion includes the most significant findings of the research.    Key Words: Division of Objects, Partners, Sale of Property, Common Property, Division of Benefits. Abstrak Kajian ini menyelidik isu itu pembahagian harta sepencarian antara rakan-rakan kongsi. Ia adalah berkenaan pembahagian aset-aset dan juga jenis bahagian-bahagiannya. Kajian ini merangkumi empat bidang. Dalam bidang pertama, kami menyatakan takrifan bahagian dan menyatakan aspek perundangannya. Bidang kedua menunjukkan jenis-jenis aset-aset, manakala bidang yang ketiga membincangkan perkara-perkara negatif yang mungkin muncul daripada pembahagian itu yang boleh memberikan kesan kepada rakan-rakan kongsi yang berkenaan. Dalam bidang keempat, kami menyatakan undang-undang berkenaan penjualan harta sepencarian yang tidak boleh dibahagikan. Akhirnya, kesimpulan akan menyatakan dapatan-dapatan kajian yang terpenting.  Kata Kunci: Pembahagian Harta, Perkongsian, Jual-beli, Harta Perkongsian, Pembahagian Manafaat.

أصول قـراءة إبـراهـيـم بـن أبـي عـبـلـة: دراسـة صـوتـيـة Phonetic study of Ibrahim ibn Abi ‘Ablah’s Principles of Qur’anic Recitation Style

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
عادل محمد عبد الرحمن الشنداح (Al- Shandah)
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Full Stop ◽  
Glottal Stop ◽  
Phonetic Study ◽  
Selection Of

يدرس البحث واحدة من القراءات القرآنية الشاذة، ألا وهي قراءة إبراهيم بن أبي عبلة، ولقد قسّمتُ الدراسة على: المقدمة، فذكرتُ فيها سبب اختياري للموضوع وأهميته والهدف منه ومعالجة متطلبات الإشكالية، وألحقتُ عناصر البحث بالمقدمة؛  وكانت كالآتي: المبحث الأول: قمتُ بدراسة الهمزة، والمبحث الثاني: درستُ فيه الإبدال، والمبحث الثالث: درستُ فيه الوقف، والمبحث الرابع: درستُ الإعلال، وجاء المبحث الخامس لدراسة الإتباع الحركي، وخصصتُ المبحث السادس لدراسة المدّ والقصر، بينما جاء المبحث السابع لدراسة التخفيف والتشديد، وأنهيتُ البحث بخاتمة أجملتُ فيها أهم ما توصلت إليه، والنتائج العلمية، ثم ذكرت قائمة المظان الأصلية التي استقيت منها البيانات التفصيلية.الكلمات المفتاحية: ابراهيم بن أبي عبلة، القراءات الشاذة، الظواهر الصوتية، الكوفيون، البصريون.*********************This research analyzes one of the anomalous styles of the Qur’anic recitations attributed to Ibrahim ibn Abi ‘Ablah. The study is divided into two sections: the introduction and discussion. In the introduction, the researcher states the reason for the selection of the subject for this study; its scope and objectives; and gives an account on the treatment of the requisites of paradox. The main body of the research includes: the first section undertakes the study of hamzah (alphabet that represents a glottal stop); the second section undertakes the study of Ibdāl (mutation of a phonetic character); the third section studies waqf (full stop); the fourth section studies I‘lāl; the fifth section studies motional appending; the sixth section studies vowels and ligatures; and the seventh section studies phonetic commutation and stressing. The researcher finally concluded the research, briefed the results and findings, and mentioned the original sources from which detailed data were drawn.   Key words: Ibrahim ibn Abi ‘Ablah, Anomalous Recitations, Acoustic Phenomena, Grammarians of Koufah, grammarians of Basrah.

Overcoming “The Third Way” Concept

2006 ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
L. Evstigneeva ◽  
R. Evstigneev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Third Way ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linear Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Non Linear

“The Third Way” concept is still widespread all over the world. Growing socio-economic uncertainty makes the authors revise the concept. In the course of discussion with other authors they introduce a synergetic vision of the problem. That means in the first place changing a linear approach to the economic research for a non-linear one.

IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC MONITORING OF SENTENCED PERSONS IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
JAROSLAV KLÁTIK ◽  
◽  
LIBOR KLIMEK
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
European Level ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third

The work deals with implementation of electronic monitoring of sentenced persons in the Slovak Republic. It is divided into eight sections. The first section introduces restorative justice as a prerequisite of electronic monitoring in criminal proceedings. While the second section points out at the absence of legal regulation of electronic monitoring of sentenced persons at European level, the third section points out at recommendations of the Council of Europe addressed to European States. The fourth section analyses relevant alternative punishments in Slovak criminal justice. The fifth section introduces early beginnings of implementation of concerned system - the pilot project “Electronic Personnel Monitoring System” of the Ministry of Justice of the Slovak Republic. While the sixth section is focused on Slovak national law regulating electronic monitoring of sentenced persons - the Act No. 78/2015 Coll. on Control of the Enforcement of Certain Decisions by Technical Instruments, the seventh section is focused on further amendments of Slovak national law - namely the Act No. 321/2018 Coll. and the Act No. 214/2019 Coll. The last eight section introduces costs of system implementation and its operation.

Epidemias y Religión

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-81
Author(s):  
Bruno Van der Maat
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethical Reflections

The current pandemic has seen some adverse reactions from the most diverse religious groups all over the world to government regulations. After having described some of their manifestations, this contribution analyzes what the Bible and some post biblical (patristic and Talmudic) traditions say about illness and pandemics. As it is ascertained that these sources contain very limited material on these subjects, the third part of this article proposes some ethical reflections regarding the official response to the pandemic as well as some pastoral implications. Key Words: Pandemic, Religion, Bible, Talmud, Pastoral Care.

Logicism Reconsidered

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Rayo
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Section ◽  
Truth Values ◽  
The Third

This article is divided into four sections. The first two identify different logicist theses, and show that their truth-values can be established given minimal assumptions. The third section sets forth a notion of “content-recarving” as a possible constraint on logicist theses. The fourth section—which is largely independent from the rest of the article—is a discussion of “neologicism.”

Epistemic self-esteem of philosophers in the face of philosophical disagreement

Human Affairs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-342
Author(s):  
László Bernáth ◽  
János Tőzsér
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Philosophical Beliefs ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Epistemic Peers ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Performance

AbstractOur paper consists of four parts. In the first part, we describe the challenge of the pervasive and permanent philosophical disagreement over philosophers’ epistemic self-esteem. In the second part, we investigate the attitude of philosophers who have high epistemic self-esteem even in the face of philosophical disagreement and who believe they have well-grounded philosophical knowledge. In the third section, we focus on the attitude of philosophers who maintain a moderate level of epistemic self-esteem because they do not attribute substantive philosophical knowledge to themselves but still believe that they have epistemic right to defend substantive philosophical beliefs. In the fourth section, we analyse the attitude of philosophers who have a low level of epistemic self-esteem in relation to substantive philosophical beliefs and make no attempt to defend those beliefs. We argue that when faced with philosophical disagreement philosophers either have to deny that the dissenting philosophers are their epistemic peers or have to admit that doing philosophy is less meaningful than it seemed before. In this second case, philosophical activity and performance should not contribute to the philosophers’ overall epistemic self-esteem to any significant extent.

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