أصول قـراءة إبـراهـيـم بـن أبـي عـبـلـة: دراسـة صـوتـيـة Phonetic study of Ibrahim ibn Abi ‘Ablah’s Principles of Qur’anic Recitation Style

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
عادل محمد عبد الرحمن الشنداح (Al- Shandah)
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Full Stop ◽  
Glottal Stop ◽  
Phonetic Study ◽  
Selection Of

يدرس البحث واحدة من القراءات القرآنية الشاذة، ألا وهي قراءة إبراهيم بن أبي عبلة، ولقد قسّمتُ الدراسة على: المقدمة، فذكرتُ فيها سبب اختياري للموضوع وأهميته والهدف منه ومعالجة متطلبات الإشكالية، وألحقتُ عناصر البحث بالمقدمة؛  وكانت كالآتي: المبحث الأول: قمتُ بدراسة الهمزة، والمبحث الثاني: درستُ فيه الإبدال، والمبحث الثالث: درستُ فيه الوقف، والمبحث الرابع: درستُ الإعلال، وجاء المبحث الخامس لدراسة الإتباع الحركي، وخصصتُ المبحث السادس لدراسة المدّ والقصر، بينما جاء المبحث السابع لدراسة التخفيف والتشديد، وأنهيتُ البحث بخاتمة أجملتُ فيها أهم ما توصلت إليه، والنتائج العلمية، ثم ذكرت قائمة المظان الأصلية التي استقيت منها البيانات التفصيلية.الكلمات المفتاحية: ابراهيم بن أبي عبلة، القراءات الشاذة، الظواهر الصوتية، الكوفيون، البصريون.*********************This research analyzes one of the anomalous styles of the Qur’anic recitations attributed to Ibrahim ibn Abi ‘Ablah. The study is divided into two sections: the introduction and discussion. In the introduction, the researcher states the reason for the selection of the subject for this study; its scope and objectives; and gives an account on the treatment of the requisites of paradox. The main body of the research includes: the first section undertakes the study of hamzah (alphabet that represents a glottal stop); the second section undertakes the study of Ibdāl (mutation of a phonetic character); the third section studies waqf (full stop); the fourth section studies I‘lāl; the fifth section studies motional appending; the sixth section studies vowels and ligatures; and the seventh section studies phonetic commutation and stressing. The researcher finally concluded the research, briefed the results and findings, and mentioned the original sources from which detailed data were drawn.   Key words: Ibrahim ibn Abi ‘Ablah, Anomalous Recitations, Acoustic Phenomena, Grammarians of Koufah, grammarians of Basrah.

scholarly journals III. On certain formulæ for differentiation

1859 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 93-94
Keyword(s):  
General Expression ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Definite Integrals ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject

In seeking for a formula in the theory of multiple definite inte­grals, I was several years ago led to investigate the successive differ­ential coefficients.of (√ x + λ ¯ ‒ √ x + μ ¯ ) 2 i , and the results which.I then obtained are given in my paper, “On certain formulæ for dif­ferentiations, with applications to the evaluation of definite integrals*.” I subsequently sought for the successive differential coefficients of the more general expression {( x + λ) ( x + μ) } ½ k (√ x + λ ¯ — √ x + μ ¯ ) 2 i , but the investigation was not finished. My attention was recalled to the subject by two remarkable identities obtained in Prof. Donkin’s memoir, “On the equation of Laplace’s Functions, &c.,”by a comparison of his results with those of Prof. Boole, which identities I perceived to belong to the class of formulæ above referred to : the first of the two identities is in fact readily deduced from a formula in my paper; the demonstration of the second is much more difficult, and I have only succeeded in making it depend on the establishment of the equality of the coefficients of two expressions of the same form. I have since resumed the unfinished investigation above referred to. The several results which I have obtained are given in the present memoir. I remark that, putting for shortness P=2 x + λ + μ, Q = √( x + λ) ( x + μ) ¯ , R=(√ x + λ ¯ ‒ x + μ) 2 ¯ , the subject to which the results all belong is the differentiation of the expression P α Q β R γ ; the before-mentioned expression {( x + λ) ( x + μ) ½ k (√ x + λ) ‒ (√ x + μ) ¯2 i is of this form, and the question in relation to it is to obtain the development of ∂ r x P α Q β R γ , where a = 0. The question arising from the second of Prof. Donkin’s identities is to obtain the development of (P ‒1 Q 4 ∂ x ) γ P α Q β R γ , where a —γ ‒ β. As the demonstration of these identities is one of the objects of the present memoir, I have given in the first section their reduction to the form in which they are considered. The second section treats of the development of the expression ∂ r x P α Q β R γ where a = 0; the third section of that of the expression {P -1 Q 4 ∂ x } r P α Q β R γ where a =γ—β; the fourth section contains the applica­tion of the formulæ to the demonstration of the two identities and some other applications of the formulææ.

scholarly journals Planning implementation of method of observation in social sciences

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ilić
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Research Plan ◽  
Selection Of

The paper deals with the problems while planning the application of method of observation as the primary method for data collection. These include determining the objectives, theoretical and operational elaboration of the research plan and collection of initial evidence from other sources of data that can be used to successfully plan research mainly based on observation. In the first section of the paper it is pointed to the unjustified overemphasis of differences between participatory and non-participatory forms of observation in its planning. The second section shows the possibility of its application to other sources and methods of data collection when planning observations. Special attention is paid to the role of interview and sequential analysis. In the third section, the issues of preparing data analysis in the planning of observation are specifically discussed. The fourth section shows the specificity of the planning of observation, depending on the nature of the data. We also considered the concretization of the plan of observation, including the selection of size, location and time for performing monitoring and positioning one or more observers. The fifth section briefly points to some suggestions about training observers. The concluding section of the paper deals with planning during the observations, with emphasis on grounded theory.

A Review of Micro Heat Exchanger Flow Physics, Fabrication Methods and Applications

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jerry Bowman ◽  
Daniel Maynes
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Heat Exchanger Design ◽  
Micro Heat Exchanger ◽  
The Subject

Abstract A review of the literature in the area of micro heat exchangers is presented to provide a concise overview of the recent advances in this field of study. The review is divided into six sections. The first section reviews research focused on understanding friction and heat transfer in microchannels. The second section deals with heat exchanger design, optimization and comparison studies. The third section deals with fabrication methods used for constructing micro heat exchangers. The fourth section reviews applications of micro heat exchangers. The last two sections of the paper deal with miscellaneous topics and other reviews on the subject. The total review focuses on advances made after the early 1990’s.

A Review of the Mortgage Lending of Life Offices

1962 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 113-154
Author(s):  
R. W. Spittal
Keyword(s):  
Mortgage Lending ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Mortgage Contract

SynopsisThe paper is divided into five sections. The first deals with the historical aspect of mortgage lending and the reasons which, over some 200 years, have modified the percentage of life funds applied in this way.The second section considers the place of this type of investment in the modern portfolio—particularly in the light of changing ideas on the relation of assets to liabilities.In the third section, the importance of the selection of suitable loans is stressed, and the general principles which should govern this discussed.The fourth section details certain classes of security and the factors affecting transactions in each class.In the concluding part, the author deals with the essentials of the mortgage contract.

scholarly journals The criteria for evaluation and selection the best tender applied by the authorities in Poland and selected EU countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 04006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Grzyl ◽  
Magdalena Apollo ◽  
Emilia Miszewska-Urbańska ◽  
Adam Kristowski
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Documentary Method ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Criteria For Evaluation ◽  
Best Offer ◽  
Tender Evaluation ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of the regulation in EU countries concerning public procurement is to ensure efficient spending of funds by evaluating and choosing the most advantageous offer. The aim of the conducted research is to determine the extent the Polish contracting entities benefit from the possibility of broad selection of various criteria for tender evaluation. On the basis of the analysis of 500 notices on work procedures conducted in the third quarter of 2016 - the third quarter of 2017 in open and restricted tenders in Poland and 500 tenders in open and restricted proceedings in five selected EU countries, the authors compared and classified of applied the practical criteria to evaluate and select the best offer. In order to collect the information presented in the article, the authors applied the documentary method using domestic and foreign literature regarding the subject and official publications.

Proctorial Representation in the House of Lords during the Reign of Edward VI

1969 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon F. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Satisfactory Treatment ◽  
House Of Lords ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

This is the third in a series of studies dealing with the history of the proxy system in the House of Lords. The first, after tracing the origin of proxies to the Roman law of agency, dealt with the emergence and spread of representation by proctors in the ecclesiastical and political assemblies of medieval England. The second study demonstrated how the proxy system was perfected in the upper house during the reign of Henry VIII and how the Crown benefited from that system. The ensuing article concerns proctorial representation during the crucial years of the Edwardian Reformation. Because of the brief period under consideration — only six years — it seemed best to cast the study in an analytical rather than a chronological framework. The first section deals with the general characteristics of proctorial representation in mid-Tudor times; the second and third sections cover the spiritual and temporal lords, respectively; and the fourth section treats the relationship between the proxy system and conciliar government.IKnowledge of the proxy system in the mid-sixteenth-century House of Lords remains somewhat fragmentary and limited in scope. A satisfactory treatment of the subject does not exist. Constitutional and legal historians have paid little attention to proxies and less to the procedure governing their use in the upper house. As one might expect, Bishop Stubbs dealt with proxies in medieval Parliaments and correctly associated them with parliamentary privileges, but at the same time he concluded that “its history has not yet been minutely traced.

Contemporary Relevance of Nehru

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-168
Author(s):  
Baljit Singh
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Cultural Nationalism ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Washington Consensus ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The subject contemporary relevance of Nehru is unfolded into five sections. First section introduces the subject by contextualising Nehru’s ideas in the contemporary scenario. Nehruvian ideological system and its utility in the age of globalisation constitute the body of this article. His nationalism, socialism and world view are located and discussed in the second, third and fourth sections, respectively. Nehru’s idea of composite culture, contested by cultural nationalism from the one end and ethno-nationalism from the other end of spectrum comprises the second section. The third section discusses the conception, consolidation, retreat and revival of Nehruvian model of economic development in the light of Washington Consensus and Post-Washington Consensus. His idea of socialism and the mixed economy are debated in liberal, neoliberal and post-neoliberal scenario. His world view faced rough weather during the second and third phase of India’s foreign policy. The former was set in motion after his death, whereas the latter started taking shape in the Post-Soviet world, which has acquired the hegemonic overtones. Contemporary significance of Nehru’s world view in the hegemonic world is probed in the fourth section. The last section sums up the discussion in the form of concluding observations.

Halal Branding

2017 ◽  
pp. 20-37
Author(s):  
Ali Shahnazari
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
The Subject

Muslim and Islamic marketing is very important on the global level. This chapter investigates Muslim's food market. In the first section, the foundations of Halal food are explained, and the roots of the concept of Halal and the challenges facing it are described. The second section includes Islamic branding and the foundations of Islamic branding. The Islamic foundation of Halal is a subject that comes together with the description of Halal food in the Holy Quran and is the subject of the third section. In the fourth section, Halal branding is explored, and in the fifth section, the legal and practical issues of Halal branding are analyzed. The final section includes models of Halal food and brand in which six models are put forward. The most recent of these models includes all the essential concepts of the previous models.

11. Privity of contract and third party rights

2019 ◽  
pp. 519-570
Author(s):  
Robert Merkin ◽  
Séverine Saintier
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
Privity Of Contract ◽  
Selection Of

The Casebook series provides a comprehensive selection of case law that addresses all aspects of the subject encountered on undergraduate courses. This chapter examines privity of contract, its relationship with consideration, and the ability of third parties to enforce contractual provisions for their benefit. The doctrine of privity of contract provides that the benefits of a contract can be enjoyed only by the parties to that contract and only parties can suffer the burdens of the contract. At common law, third party beneficiaries could not enforce a contractual provision in their favour so various devices were employed seeking to avoid privity. Statute now allows for direct third party enforcement but in limited circumstances. This chapter examines the background to privity and the attempted statutory reform in the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 as it has been interpreted in the case law. The chapter also discusses the common law means of avoiding privity as illustrated by the case law, e.g. agency, collateral contracts, and trusts of contractual obligations. Finally it assesses the remedies available to the contracting party to recover on behalf of the third party beneficiary of the promise, including the narrow and broad grounds in Linden Gardens Trust. It concludes by briefly considering privity and burdens—and the exceptional situations where a burden can be imposed on a person who is not a party to the contract.

Review of Kikhney, L. (2017). Under the sign of acmeism: Collected articles. Moscow: Azbukovnik. 608 pages.

2019 ◽  
pp. 384-389
Author(s):  
V. A. Gavrikov
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
World View ◽  
Specific Character ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Time Continuum

The main goal of the collection is to define the specific character of Acmeism as a separate trend inside Russian Modernism. This specification is derived through a series of basic categories like space and time continuum, the philosophy of the written word, and poetic semantics, etc. The collection is divided into several sections. The first, a summary of the general theory about the subject, discusses the significance of Acmeism in the Silver Age semantic paradigm. The second section is devoted to O. Mandelstam’s poetry, and in particular his logos concept. The third centres on A. Akhmatova’s poetics, with particular attention to her world view. It also includes several papers on A Poem Without a Hero [Poema bez geroya]. The fourth section covers various aspects of works by acmeists N. Gumilyov, V. Narbut, and M. Zenkevich. 

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