scholarly journals A WIRELESSLY–ACTIVATED PARYLENE ELECTROTHERMAL VALVE FOR MAPPING BRAIN FUNCTION IN FREELY MOVING SUBJECTS

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-Y. Li ◽  
T.K. Givrad ◽  
D.P. Holschneider ◽  
J.-M.I. Maarek ◽  
E. Meng
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Freely Moving

scholarly journals Scaling up to meet new challenges of brain and behaviour: Deep brain electrophysiology in freely moving sheep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolas Perentos ◽  
Marino Krstulovic ◽  
A Jennifer Morton
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Hippocampal Theta ◽  
Exceptional Stability ◽  
Oscillatory Rhythms ◽  
Deep Brain

While rodents are arguably the easiest animals to use for studying brain function, relying on them as model species for translational research comes with its own sets of limitations. Here, we propose sheep as a practical large animal species for in vivo brain function studies performed in naturalistic settings. To demonstrate their experimental usefulness, we performed proof-of-principle deep brain electrophysiological recording experiments from unrestrained sheep. Recordings were made from cortex and hippocampus both whilst sheep performed goal-directed behaviours (two-choice discrimination tasks), and across states of vigilance that included natural sleep. Hippocampal and cortical oscillatory rhythms were consistent with those seen in rodents and non-human primates, and included cortical alpha oscillations during immobility, hippocampal theta oscillations (5-6Hz) during locomotion and hippocampal sharp wave ripple oscillations (~150 Hz) during immobility. Moreover, we found clear examples of neurons whose activity was modulated by task, speed of locomotion, spatial position, reward and vigilance states. Recordings were conducted over a period of many months. Due to the exceptional stability of individual electrodes we were able to record from some neurons continuously for more than 1 month. Together these experiments demonstrate that sheep are an excellent experimental animal model to use in longitudinal electrophysiological and imaging studies, particularly those requiring a large brained mammal, large scale recordings across distributed neuronal networks, experimentation outside the confounds of the traditional laboratory, or all the above concomitantly.

Recording of intracranial pressure in conscious rats via telemetry

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah-Jane Guild ◽  
Fiona D. McBryde ◽  
Simon C. Malpas
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Normal Brain Function ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
The Stability ◽  
State Pressure

Although cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is known to be fundamental in the control of normal brain function, there have been no previous long-term measurements in animal models. The aim of this study was to explore the stability and viability of long-term recordings of intracranial pressure (ICP) in freely moving rats via a telemetry device. We also developed a repeatable surgical approach with a solid-state pressure sensor at the tip of the catheter placed under the dura and in combination with arterial pressure (AP) measurement to enable the calculation of CPP. Telemeters with dual pressure catheters were implanted in Wistar rats to measure ICP and AP. We found that the signals were stable throughout the 28-day recording period with an average ICP value of 6 ± 0.8 mmHg. Significant light-dark differences were found in AP (3.1 ± 2.7 mmHg, P = 0.02) and HR (58 ± 12 beats/min, P = 0.003), but not ICP (0.3 ± 0.2 mmHg, P >0.05) or CPP (2.6 ± 2.8 mmHg, P > 0.05). Use of kaolin to induce hydrocephalus in several rats demonstrates the ability to measure changes in ICP throughout disease progression, validating this new solution for chronic measurement of ICP, CPP, and AP in conscious rats.

scholarly journals Multichannel optogenetics combined with laminar recordings for ultra-controlled neuronal interrogation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Eriksson ◽  
Artur Schneider ◽  
Anupriya Thirumalai ◽  
Mansour Alyahyaey ◽  
Brice de la Crompe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Neuronal Communication ◽  
Flexible Fiber ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
New Framework

Abstract Highlights: To combine large-scale recordings with optical perturbation we have developed a number of new techniques such as thin optical side-emitting fibers, a fiber matrix connector for thin fibers, an electro-optical commutator for multiple thin fibers, an active patch cord, a flexible fiber bundle ribbon cable, and a modular multi-optrode implantation holder.Summary: Simultaneous large-scale recordings and optogenetic interventions hold the promise to decipher the fast-paced and multifaceted dialogue between neurons that sustains brain function. Here we developed unprecedentedly thin, cell-sized Lambertian side-emitting optical fibers and combined them with silicon probes to achieve high quality recordings and ultrafast multichannel optogenetic inhibition in freely moving animals. Our new framework paves the way for large-scale photo tagging and controlled interrogation of rapid neuronal communication in any combination of brain areas.

scholarly journals Mapping brain function in freely moving subjects

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Holschneider ◽  
Jean-Michel I. Maarek
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Freely Moving

Amygdala ensembles encode behavioral states

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 364 (6437) ◽  
pp. eaav8736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Gründemann ◽  
Yael Bitterman ◽  
Tingjia Lu ◽  
Sabine Krabbe ◽  
Benjamin F. Grewe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Calcium Dynamics ◽  
State Dependency ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Motivated Behaviors ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
External Stimuli

Internal states, including affective or homeostatic states, are important behavioral motivators. The amygdala regulates motivated behaviors, yet how distinct states are represented in amygdala circuits is unknown. By longitudinally imaging neural calcium dynamics in freely moving mice across different environments, we identified opponent changes in activity levels of two major, nonoverlapping populations of basal amygdala principal neurons. This population signature does not report global anxiety but predicts switches between exploratory and nonexploratory, defensive states. Moreover, the amygdala separately processes external stimuli and internal states and broadcasts state information via several output pathways to larger brain networks. Our findings extend the concept of thalamocortical “brain-state” coding to include affective and exploratory states and provide an entry point into the state dependency of brain function and behavior in defined circuits.

scholarly journals Partitioning variability in animal behavioral videos using semi-supervised variational autoencoders

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009439
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Whiteway ◽  
Dan Biderman ◽  
Yoni Friedman ◽  
Mario Dipoppa ◽  
E. Kelly Buchanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pose Estimation ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Estimation Algorithms ◽  
Behavioral Features ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Low Dimensional

Recent neuroscience studies demonstrate that a deeper understanding of brain function requires a deeper understanding of behavior. Detailed behavioral measurements are now often collected using video cameras, resulting in an increased need for computer vision algorithms that extract useful information from video data. Here we introduce a new video analysis tool that combines the output of supervised pose estimation algorithms (e.g. DeepLabCut) with unsupervised dimensionality reduction methods to produce interpretable, low-dimensional representations of behavioral videos that extract more information than pose estimates alone. We demonstrate this tool by extracting interpretable behavioral features from videos of three different head-fixed mouse preparations, as well as a freely moving mouse in an open field arena, and show how these interpretable features can facilitate downstream behavioral and neural analyses. We also show how the behavioral features produced by our model improve the precision and interpretation of these downstream analyses compared to using the outputs of either fully supervised or fully unsupervised methods alone.

scholarly journals Multichannel optogenetics combined with laminar recordings for ultra-controlled neuronal interrogation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Eriksson ◽  
Artur Schneider ◽  
Anupriya Thirumalai ◽  
Mansour Alyahyay ◽  
Brice de la Crompe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Neuronal Communication ◽  
Flexible Fiber ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
New Framework

SummarySimultaneous large-scale recordings and optogenetic interventions hold the promise to decipher the fast-paced and multifaceted dialogue between neurons that sustains brain function. Here we developed unprecedentedly thin, cell-sized Lambertian side-emitting optical fibers and combined them with silicon probes to achieve high quality recordings and ultrafast multichannel optogenetic inhibition in freely moving animals. Our new framework paves the way for large-scale photo tagging and controlled interrogation of rapid neuronal communication in any combination of brain areas.HighlightsTo combine large-scale recordings with optical perturbation we have developed a number of new techniques such as thin optical side-emitting fibers, a fiber matrix connector for thin fibers, an electro-optical commutator for multiple thin fibers, an active patch cord, a flexible fiber bundle ribbon cable, and a modular multi-optrode implantation holder.

A challenge for predictive coding: Representational or experiential diversity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina G. Vilas ◽  
Lucia Melloni
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Process Theory

Abstract To become a unifying theory of brain function, predictive processing (PP) must accommodate its rich representational diversity. Gilead et al. claim such diversity requires a multi-process theory, and thus is out of reach for PP, which postulates a universal canonical computation. We contend this argument and instead propose that PP fails to account for the experiential level of representations.

Toward a neuroscope: An application of high-performance computing for real-time evaluation of brain function using MRI

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 922-923
Author(s):  
C. S. Potter ◽  
C. D. Gregory ◽  
H. D. Morris ◽  
Z.-P. Liang ◽  
P. C. Lauterbur
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Complex Signal ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Cognitive Studies ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Imaging And Spectroscopy ◽  
3D Anatomy

Over the past few years, several laboratories have demonstrated that changes in local neuronal activity associated with human brain function can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Using these methods, the effects of sensory and motor stimulation have been observed and cognitive studies have begun. These new methods promise to make possible even more rapid and extensive studies of brain organization and responses than those now in use, such as positron emission tomography.Human brain studies are enormously complex. Signal changes on the order of a few percent must be detected against the background of the complex 3D anatomy of the human brain. Today, most functional MR experiments are performed using several 2D slice images acquired at each time step or stimulation condition of the experimental protocol. It is generally believed that true 3D experiments must be performed for many cognitive experiments. To provide adequate resolution, this requires that data must be acquired faster and/or more efficiently to support 3D functional analysis.

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