Interaction of Bentazon and Imazethapyr Applied Postemergence to Nutsedge (Cyperus spp.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
Alan C. York ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

Abstract Field and greenhouse experiments evaluated purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundas L.) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentus L.) control with mixtures of bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] and imazethapyr {2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid} applied postemergence. Mixtures of the sodium salt of bentazon at 0.6 or 1.1 kg ae/ha and the ammonium salt of imazethapyr at 35 or 70 g ae/ha were antagonistic on purple nutsedge in field and greenhouse experiments. Mixtures of bentazon at 0.6 kg/ha and imazethapyr at 35 or 70 g/ha were additive on yellow nutsedge in field experiments but antagonistic in greenhouse experiments. Mixtures of bentazon at 1.1 kg/ha and imazethapyr at 35 or 70 g/ha were antagonistic on yellow nutsedge in field and greenhouse experiments.

Diclosulam for Weed Control in Texas Peanut1

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
P. A. Dotray ◽  
D. C. Sestak
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Devil’S Claw

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in 1995 through 1997 in south and west Texas to evaluate diclosulam [N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethoxy-7-fluoro(1,2,4)-triazolo(1,5c)-pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide] for weed control in peanut. Diclosulam applied preplant incorporated at 0.01 kg ai/ha in combination with ethalfluralin at 0.84 kg ai/ha controlled Texas panicum, Palmer amaranth, morningglory species, and golden crownbeard at least 95% and devil's-claw 91%. When diclosulam rates were increased to 0.02 kg/ha, yellow and purple nutsedge were controlled at least 89 and 72%, respectively. Diclosulam applied postemergence (POST) provided erratic yellow nutsedge control.

Compatibility of Sethoxydim with Five Postemergence Broadleaf Herbicides

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Holshouser ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Experiments were conducted to investigate the interactions of tank-mix combinations of sethoxydim plus the sodium salt of bentazon, the sodium salt of acifluorfen, fomesafen, imazaquin, or the ethyl ester of chlorimuron. Antagonistic interactions were observed with tank-mixes of sethoxydim plus bentazon, imazaquin, or chlorimuron applied for fall panicum, large crabgrass, and goosegrass control in field experiments. Antagonism was observed in greenhouse experiments with tank-mixes of sethoxydim plus bentazon or imazaquin applied to goosegrass. Bentazon, acifluorfen, and fomesafen reduced14C-sethoxydim uptake by large crabgrass. However, imazaquin and chlorimuron did not affect14C-sethoxydim uptake. In field experiments, no interactions occurred with tank-mixes of sethoxydim plus any of the broadleaf weed control herbicides applied to entireleaf or tall morningglory.

Weed Control in Immature Pecan (Carya illinoensis) and Peach (Prunus persica) Plantings

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 638-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Arnold ◽  
J. H. Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Carya Illinoensis ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Peach Trees

Field experiments were conducted in 1974 and 1975 to evaluate the effect of seven herbicides applied preemergence and two herbicides applied postemergence on weed growth around 7-yr-old pecan [Carya illinoensis(Wang.) K. Koch ‘Elliott’ and ‘Desirable’] and 3-yr-old peach [Prunus persica(L.) Batsch ‘June Gold’] and to observe herbicidal tolerance as noted from visually expressed phytotoxicity. After 12 weeks, the best control of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.], purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundusL.), and wild blackberry (Rubus cuneifoliusPursh) was obtained with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide] + glyphosate, and napropamide + terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) + paraquat (1,1′dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion). The most effective overall control of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.), camphorweed [Heterotheca subaxillaris(Lam.) Britt. & Rusby], dogfennel [Eupatorium capillifolium(Lam.) Small], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.], and Florida pusley (Richardia scabraL.) resulted from napropamide + terbacil + paraquat. Herbicides used caused no visible toxicity to the immature pecan or peach trees.

EFFECTS OF SOIL ACIDITY ON RHIZOBIA NUMBERS, NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY ALFALFA AND RED CLOVER

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE ◽  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The effects of soil acidity on nitrogen fixation by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were investigated in field experiments at 28 locations, and in greenhouse experiments using soils from these locations. The pH of the soils (limed and unlimed) varied from 4.5 to 7.2. Rhizobia populations in the soil, nodulation, and relative forage yields (yield without N/yield with N) were measured in both the field and greenhouse experiments. Rhizobium meliloti numbers, nodulation scores, and relative yields of alfalfa decreased sharply as the pH of the soils decreased below 6.0. For soils with pH 6.0 or greater, there was very little effect of pH on any of the above factors for alfalfa. Soil pH in the range studied had no effect on nodulation scores and relative yields of red clover. However, R. trifolii numbers were reduced when the pH of the soil was less than 4.9. These results demonstrate that hydrogen ion concentration is an important factor limiting alfalfa growth on acid soils of Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, but it is less important for red clover. This supports the continued use of measurements of soil pH, as well as plant-available Al and Mn for predicting crop response to lime.

The Evidence for Reduced Glyphosate Efficacy on Acetolactate Synthase–Inhibiting Herbicide-Resistant Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
Parsa Tehranchian ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Matheus Palhano ◽  
Nicholas E. Korres ◽  
Scott McElroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Epsps Gene ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Als Inhibitors

A yellow nutsedge biotype (Res) from an Arkansas rice field has evolved resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. TheResbiotype previously exhibited cross-resistance to ALS inhibitors from four chemical families (imidazolinone, pyrimidinyl benzoate, sulfonylurea, and triazolopyrimidine). Experiments were conducted to evaluate alternative herbicides (i.e., glyphosate, bentazon, propanil, quinclorac, and 2,4-D) currently labeled in Arkansas rice–soybean production systems. Based on the percentage of aboveground dry weight reduction, control of the yellow nutsedge biotypes with the labeled rate of bentazon, propanil, quinclorac, and 2,4-D was < 44%. Glyphosate (867 g ae ha−1) resulted in 68 and > 94% control of theResand susceptible yellow nutsedge biotypes, respectively, at 28 d after treatment. Dose-response studies were conducted to estimate the efficacy of glyphosate on theResbiotype, three susceptible yellow nutsedge biotypes, and purple nutsedge. Based on the dry weights, theResbiotype was ≥ 5- and ≥ 1.3-fold less responsive to glyphosate compared to the susceptible biotypes and purple nutsedge, respectively. Differences in absorption and translocation of radiolabeled glyphosate were observed among the yellow nutsedge biotypes and purple nutsedge. The susceptible biotype had less14C-glyphosate radioactivity in the tissues above the treated leaf and greater radioactivity in tissues below the treated leaf compared to theResbiotype and purple nutsedge. Reduced translocation of glyphosate in tissues below the treated leaf of theResbiotype could be a reason for the lower glyphosate efficacy in theResbiotype. No amino acid substitution that would correspond to glyphosate resistance was found in the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene of theResbiotype. However, an amino acid (serine) addition was detected in the EPSPS gene of theResbiotype; albeit, it is not believed that this addition contributes to lower efficacy of glyphosate in this biotype.

Weed Management in Southeastern Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) with AC 263,222

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Richburg ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Daniel L. Colvin ◽  
Gerald R. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field experiments conducted at four locations in Georgia and two locations in Florida during 1992 and 1993 evaluated AC 263,222 application rates and timings, systems, and mixtures for weed control, peanut injury, and yield. All rates of AC 263,222 applied early POST (EPOST) or POST controlledIpomoeamorningglories and smallflower morningglory at least 90%, and purple and yellow nutsedge at least 81%. Florida beggarweed and sicklepod control generally was highest when metolachlor was applied PPI followed by AC 263,222 applied EPOST at 71 g/ha, AC 263,222 at 27 or 36 g/ha plus bentazon plus paraquat applied POST, or with bentazon plus paraquat applied EPOST followed by AC 263,222 applied POST at 36 or 53 g/ha. Acifluorfen and acifluorfen plus bentazon reduced Florida beggarweed and sicklepod control at several locations when applied in mixture with AC 263,222. Common ragweed and hairy indigo control were 85 to 95% with bentazon plus paraquat applied EPOST followed by AC 263,222 applied POST at 36 or 53 g/ha. Highest peanut yields were obtained with treatments providing high levels of weed control.

Herbicide-Crop Rotation for Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Dale ◽  
J. M. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Sida Spinosa

The feasibility of herbicide and crop rotation for the control of johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.] in corn (Zea maysL.) was studied in field experiments. Light infestations of johnsongrass were initially present, but it became the predominant weed after 4 yr of continuous corn treated with atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamine)-s-triazine], cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile}, and linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea], alone and in combinations at rates of 2.24, 2.24, and 0.84 kg/ha, respectively. The infestation of johnsongrass was effectively controlled by growing corn in rotation with cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) in a cropping sequence of corn-cotton-cotton-corn, in which trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] and MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) at 0.56, 2.24, and 2.24 kg/ha respectively, were used for weed control in cotton. In the corn-cotton-cotton-corn cropping sequence, the herbicide treatments also prevented increases in the populations of other indigeneous weeds including prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.), prostrate spurge (Euphorbia supinaRaf.), spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculataL.), common purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.), tall morningglory [Ipomoea purpurea(L.) Roth], common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), spurred anoda[Anoda cristata(L.) Schlecht.], hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata(Raf.) Cory], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), goosegrass [Eleusine indica(L.) Gaertn.], junglerice [Echinochloa colonum(L.) Link], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.], and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.).

scholarly journals First Report of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and Purple Nutsedge (C. rotundus) in Georgia Naturally Infected with Impatiens necrotic spot virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 771-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Martínez-Ochoa ◽  
S. W. Mullis ◽  
A. S. Csinos ◽  
T. M. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Necrotic Spot ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Black Shank ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Das Elisa

Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, is an emerging virus found mostly in ornamentals under greenhouse production. INSV has been detected in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Georgia and Texas (3) and recently in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in the southeastern United States (2) but little is known about INSV distribution and impact on these crops. Noncrop plant hosts are likely to contribute to disease spread by serving as reservoirs for the virus and reproductive hosts for thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande), which transmit the virus. Yellow nutsedge, a native of North America, and purple nutsedge introduced from Eurasia, are considered serious weed problems in the southeastern United States. To date, there are no reports of natural INSV infections in these weeds. A survey was conducted at two research farms in Tift County, Georgia to determine if yellow and purple nutsedge plants were naturally infected with Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and INSV. The first field at the Black Shank Farm had been planted with flue-cured tobacco K-326 earlier in the year and fallow at the time of sampling. The second field at the Ponder Farm was planted at the time of sampling with yellow squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). In early October 2002, 90 nutsedge plants were taken at random from each site. Leaf and root tissues of each of the nutsedge plants were tested for TSWV and INSV using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) alkaline phosphatase antisera kits (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). No visible symptoms of INSV or TSWV were observed. Samples from the field at the Black Shank Farm resulted in 2 of 26 positive for INSV in purple nutsedge plants and 6 of 64 in yellow nutsedge plants. At the Ponder Farm, 3 of 12 were positive for INSV in purple nutsedge plants and 14 of 78 in yellow nutsedge plants. None of the samples in either site tested positive for TSWV. The DAS-ELISA positive samples were verified for INSV using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as previously described by Dewey et al. (1). Total RNA extracts were obtained from the DAS-ELISA positive nutsedge samples using RNeasy extraction kits (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA). The RT-PCR was carried out with primer 1F: 5′-TCAAG(C/T) CTTC(G/T)GAA(A/G)GTGAT 3′ (1) and primer 2R: 5′-ATGAACAAAGCAAAGATTACC 3′ specific to the 3′ end of the INSV N gene open reading frame (GenBank Accession No. NC003624). DAS-ELISA negative tissues of Cyperus esculentus L. and Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC and an E. sonchifolia DAS-ELISA positive for INSV were included in the reactions as controls. All of the DAS-ELISA positive nutsedge samples yielded an amplification product with the expected size of 298 bp when PCR products were resolved by agarose (0.7%) gel electrophoresis. The relatively high occurrence of INSV found in the sampled fields may explain the recent increase in incidence of INSV in susceptible field crops. Although yellow nutsedge is more common than purple nutsedge in North America, the potential for dispersal of INSV in both species could be significant because of the nature of nutsedge tuber survival and spreading capabilities. References: (1) R. A. Dewey et al. J. Virol. Methods 56:19, 1996. (2) N. Martínez-Ochoa et al. On-line publication. doi:10.1094/PHP-2003-0417-01-HN. Plant Health Progress, 2003. (3) S. S. Pappu et al. Plant Dis. 83:966,1999.

scholarly journals PREHARVEST FOLIAGE SPRAYS OF SUGARCANE WITH 2,4-D

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
R. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Small Deviations ◽  
Acid Basis ◽  
The Mean

Data are presented here on the effect of applications to sugarcane of 10, 20, and 30 pounds to the acre of the sodium salt of 2,4-D, acid basis, at three intervals (10, 20 and 30 days) prior to harvest. Field experiments were conducted at Humacao and Río Piedras following a randomized block layout. Each treatment was replicated six times. The mean available 96° sugar percent cane was 12.2 at both locations with very small deviations above or below it. No significant differences were observed between the mean Brix, polarization, purity, available 96° sugar percent cane, and tons of cane to the acre at either location.

Description of Purple and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusandC. esculentus)

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene D. Wills
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Southern California ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
The World

Both purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL. # CYPRO) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentusL. # CYPES) are problem weeds in crops in many parts of the world. Yellow nutsedge is found in all U.S. states. Purple nutsedge is confined to the southern region of the United States, ranging from North Carolina across southern Arkansas and into southern California.

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