scholarly journals Peanut Seed Treatment with Hot Calcium Hydroxide Solutions1,2,4

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Abd El-Rehim ◽  
P. A. Backman ◽  
R. Rodriguez-Kabana ◽  
M. A. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
Rapid Emergence

Abstract Peanut seed treatment with hot water (50 C for 20 min.) or hot aqueous solutions of Ca(OH)2 were found to stimulate the rate of peanut germination and increase final stand counts in laboratory and greenhouse trials. In field germination trials, seed soaked in hot Ca(OH)2 solutions and dried, were found to perform almost as well as seed treated with commercial fungicides. It is theorized that the soaking process may remove chemicals responsible for seed dormancy, and initiate germination processes, giving seed soaked in hot water a more rapid emergence. The rapid rate of emergence can lead to seedling escape from disease, which is assisted by the antifungal properties of Ca(OH)2.

Expression Analysis of Genes Involved in Peanut Seed Dormancy Release (Arachis hypogaeaL.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing CHEN ◽  
Ling JIANG ◽  
Chun-Ming WANG ◽  
Xiao-Hui HU ◽  
Hu-Qu ZHAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Peanut Seed

Hot water seed treatment for Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Gray
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Sowing Seed

Seed of Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth. germinates slowly, and irregularly unless treated before sowing to render the testa permeable to water. Treatment with sulphuric acid is effective but inconvenient to use. Experiments with hot water over a range of temperature and time are described. An effective treatment was to immerse the seed in water at 80�Cfor two minutes. After this treatment seed can be dried rapidly and stored before sowing. Seed treated in this way has retained full viability for 15 months.

SEED TREATMENT METHODS AND DURATION EFFECTS ON GERMINATION OF WILD SUNFLOWER

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. AKINOLA ◽  
A. LARBI ◽  
G. O. FARINU ◽  
A. A. ODUNSI
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Wild Sunflower ◽  
Oven Drying

The effects were evaluated of six methods and six durations of seed treatment on the germination of wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) seeds. The treatments were as follows: (1) hot water at 80 °C, (2) hot water at 100 °C, (3) oven-drying at 80 °C, (4) oven-drying at 100 °C, (5) immersion in concentrated sulphuric acid and (6) immersion in 10% hydrogen peroxide. The durations were 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. Treatment with hot water at 80 or 100 °C for 11–14 min, and oven-drying at 100 °C for 20 min all resulted in more than 65% germination 10 d after treatment. Oven-drying at 80 °C, immersion in concentrated sulphuric acid and in 10% hydrogen peroxide resulted in less than 50% germination. Based on the higher cumulative germination, lower cost, and environmental concerns, hot water treatment at 80 or 100 °C for 11–15 min is recommended.

scholarly journals Economic Assessment and Fungicide Use on Peanut Seed in the Southwestern United States1

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Smith ◽  
M. C. Black ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
A. J. Jaks
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Seed protectant fungicides are an important part of a total pest management program of peanut and may reduce the use of other pesticides later in the growing season. A survey of peanut shellers was conducted to determine the amount of fungicide use and the important factors used in selecting particular fungicides for treating seed in the Southwestern United States. All peanut seed planted in Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico was treated with one or more fungicides and totaled 19,000 kg of five active ingredients applied on 12 million kg of seed. Captan was the leading active ingredient and made up 49% of all fungicide use. Shellers were the sole decision makers in selecting seed treatment fungicides and cited fungicide effectiveness and assurance of a good crop stand as the major factors in selecting a commercial product. Fungicide treatments made up 4% of the total cost of planting seed, for an average cost of $6.75/ha. A case study on the impact of seed treatments was conducted using 12 yr of field performance data in an economic assessment. Peanut yields were 36% higher when captan-treated compared with using untreated seed. In an economic assessment, net returns above variable costs were $331/ha higher when fungicide-treated seed was planted, compared to untreated seed. The case study showed that seed treatments provided positive economic returns in 10 out of the 12 yr and losses would result in 7 out of 12 yr if untreated seed were planted. Many of the present seed treatment fungicides will be reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and require re-registration under the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996.

Emergence Dynamics of Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Populations from the U.S. Great Plains: A Multi-Site-Year Study

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipan Kumar ◽  
Prashant Jha ◽  
J. Anita Dille ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Emergence Pattern ◽  
The North ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Rapid Emergence ◽  
The U.S

Evolution of kochia biotypes resistant to multiple herbicide sites of action is an increasing concern for growers across the U.S. Great Plains. This necessitates the development of integrated strategies for kochia control in this region based on improved forecasting of periodicity and patterns of kochia emergence in the field. Field experiments were conducted near Huntley, MT, in 2013 and 2014, and in Manhattan and Hays, KS, in 2013 to characterize the timing and pattern of emergence of several kochia populations collected from the U.S. Great Plains’ states. The more rapid accumulation of growing degree days (GDD) resulted in a shorter emergence duration (E90–E10) in 2014 compared with 2013 in Montana. Kochia populations exhibited an extended emergence period (early April through mid-July). Among all kochia populations, in 2013, Kansas-Garden City (KS-GC), Kansas-Manhattan (KS-MN), Oklahoma (OK), and Montana (MT) populations began to emerge earlier, with a minimum of 151 cumulative GDD to achieve 10% cumulative emergence (E10values) in Montana. The New Mexico-Los Lunas (NM-LL) population exhibited a delayed onset but a rapid emergence rate, while the North Dakota (ND) and Kansas-Colby (KS-CB) populations emerged over a longer duration (E90–E10of 556 and 547 GDD, respectively) in 2013 in Montana. In 2013 at the two locations in Kansas, kochia populations exhibited a similar emergence pattern, with no differences in the time to initiate germination (E10), rate of emergence (parameterb), or duration of emergence (E90–E10). At Hays, KS, the GDD for E50and E90were less for ND compared with KS-MN and KS-GC local populations. In 2014 the KS-MN kochia population exhibited an early (ED10value of 215 GDD) but a more gradual emergence pattern (E90–E10=526 GDD) in Montana. In contrast, OK and New Mexico-Las Cruces (NM-LC) populations had an early and a more rapid emergence pattern (E90–E10=153 and 154 GDD, respectively). Kochia in Montana exhibited two to four emergence peaks. This differential emergence pattern of kochia populations reflects the occurrence of different emergence “biotypes” and emphasizes the need to adopt more location-specific and diversified weed control tactics to manage kochia seedbanks.

SEED TREATMENTS FOR ENHANCING GERMINATION OF WILD OKRA (Corchorus olitorius)

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. VELEMPINI ◽  
I. RIDDOCH ◽  
N. BATISANI
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Dry Heat

The effects of different seed treatment methods and durations of exposure on germination of wild okra (Corchorus olitorius), a traditional leafy vegetable consumed in many parts of Africa, were investigated. Seeds were exposed to seven treatments (hot water at 80 °C, hot water at 100 °C, dry heat at 80 °C, dry heat at 100 °C, concentrated sulphuric acid, 10% hydrogen peroxide and water at room temperature) for periods of up to 30 minutes. Exposure for five to 15 minutes in hot water at 80 °C was the most effective treatment for enhancing germination (>90%), followed by five minutes in hot water at 100 °C (80%) and 30 minutes in sulphuric acid (57%). Other treatments were less effective. Soaking seeds in hot water at approximately 80 °C for about 10 minutes can be recommended, therefore, to farmers as a simple, cheap and very effective way of germinating wild okra.

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