scholarly journals Economic Assessment and Fungicide Use on Peanut Seed in the Southwestern United States1

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Smith ◽  
M. C. Black ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
A. J. Jaks
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Seed protectant fungicides are an important part of a total pest management program of peanut and may reduce the use of other pesticides later in the growing season. A survey of peanut shellers was conducted to determine the amount of fungicide use and the important factors used in selecting particular fungicides for treating seed in the Southwestern United States. All peanut seed planted in Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico was treated with one or more fungicides and totaled 19,000 kg of five active ingredients applied on 12 million kg of seed. Captan was the leading active ingredient and made up 49% of all fungicide use. Shellers were the sole decision makers in selecting seed treatment fungicides and cited fungicide effectiveness and assurance of a good crop stand as the major factors in selecting a commercial product. Fungicide treatments made up 4% of the total cost of planting seed, for an average cost of $6.75/ha. A case study on the impact of seed treatments was conducted using 12 yr of field performance data in an economic assessment. Peanut yields were 36% higher when captan-treated compared with using untreated seed. In an economic assessment, net returns above variable costs were $331/ha higher when fungicide-treated seed was planted, compared to untreated seed. The case study showed that seed treatments provided positive economic returns in 10 out of the 12 yr and losses would result in 7 out of 12 yr if untreated seed were planted. Many of the present seed treatment fungicides will be reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and require re-registration under the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996.

scholarly journals 633 Field Performance of “Transgenic” Potato, with Resistance to Colorado Potato Beetle and Viruses

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 556E-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Duncan ◽  
David Hammond ◽  
Jim Zalewski ◽  
John Cudnohufsky ◽  
Wojciech Kaniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Transgenic Potato ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Potato Beetle

After more than 10 years of research, Monsanto scientists have developed improved seed potatoes that are protected from serious pests, including insects and disease. The first commercial products resulting from this effort were NewLeaf ® potatoes derived from `Russet Burbank' and `Atlantic' parents. The NewLeaf® product was commercialized in 1995 and contains a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (variety tenebrionis) (B.t.t.). for the production of the Cry3A protein. Potatoes expressing this gene are completely protected from the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) and need no additional chemical protection for this insect pest. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have all determined that these potatoes are the same in safety and nutritional composition as any other `Russet Burbank' and `Atlantic' potatoes. These potatoes have also been approved by Health Canada, Agri-Food Canada and Agriculture Canada and by Japan and Mexico for food use. Commercial growers across North America have experienced outstanding performance while growing NewLeaf® potatoes 3 years in a row. This level of performance is the result of stable, nonsignificant differences in expression of the Cry3A gene. The stable performance, also, is a result of an effective insect resistance management program based on maintaining CPB refuges near NewLeaf ® fields, reducing CPB populations, and monitoring for CPB surviving exposure to NewLeaf® potatoes. In 1998 NewLeaf Y®), conferring resistance to both CPB and potato virus Y, and NewLeaf Plus®, conferring resistance to CPB and potato leafroll virus will be commercially released.

scholarly journals Seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines affected by seed treatment with pesticides

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Gordana Tamindzic ◽  
Zorica Nikolic ◽  
Jasna Savic ◽  
Dragana Milosevic ◽  
Gordana Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Maize Inbred Line ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines

Seed treatment is a common way of fungicide and insecticide use nowadays, since this way of pesticide application can provide the best protection in the vicinity of the future plant. The aim of research was to evaluate the effects of different seed treatments on germination and seedling growth in three maize inbred lines. The research included the seed treatment with several combinations of a fungicide Maxim XL 035-FS (a.i. metalaxil-M + fludioxonil) and neonicotinoid insecticides Gaucho 600-FS (a.i. imidacloprid) and Cruiser 350-FS (a.i. thiamethoxam), as well as untreated seed (control). The results indicated that inbred lines 21202 x 21101 NS and 317659 NS had a highly vigourous seed which was not affected by the seed treatments. The seed treatments with Maxim XL 035- FS+Gaucho 600-FS and Maxim XL 035-FS+Cruiser 350-FS led to a decrease in germination (90.25% and 89.50%, respectively) of maize inbred line 306081 NS as well as a decrease in root length (126.75 mm and 125.25 mm, respectively) and dry root weight (0.135 g and 0.1875 g, respectively) of maize inbred line 21202 x 21101 NS. All seed treatments had positive effects on root growth, as well as on fresh root weight of maize inbred lines 306081 NS and 317659 NS.

Effect of seed treatments on emergence, yield, and root rot severity of soybean under Rhizoctonia solani inoculated field conditions in Ontario

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Xue ◽  
E. Cober ◽  
M. J. Morrison ◽  
H. D. Voldeng ◽  
B. L. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Better Than

Field trials were conducted with soybean at two sites each year from 2001 to 2003 in Ottawa, ON, to determine the effect of seed treatments with various combinations of seven formulated fungicides and the bioagent Yield Shield (Bacillus pumilus GB34) under Rhizoctonia solani inoculated conditions. Controls were untreated seed planted into both non-inoculated (natural) soil and soil inoculated with R. solani. Compared with the non-inoculated control, inoculation significantly increased root rot severity and reduced emergence by 27%, and yield by 31%. Under the inoculated conditions, none of the seed treatments significantly increased emergence or yield in all of the six trials when compared with the control. Allegiance (metalaxyl) plus Vitaflo-280 (carbathiin plus thiram) and Vitaflo-280 alone were the most effective seed treatments, increasing emergence in by 20 and 19% and yield by 21 and 26%, which were significantly better than the control in four and five trials for emergence and three and four trials for yield, respectively. Allegiance plus HEC5725 (HEC5725), Apron Maxx RTA (fludioxonil plus metalaxyl), and Maxim 480FS (fludioxonil) increased both emergence and yield in two trials and TFL RTU (metalaxyl plus triflox ystrobin) plus Yield Shield in one trial. There was no difference between seed treatment with Allegiance and the untreated control for all parameters, confirming that metalaxyl is ineffective to R. solani. It is concluded that carbathiin, thiram, HEC5725, fludioxonil an trifloxystrobin are effective active ingredients protecting soybean from soil-borne R. solani and increasing plant emergence and yield. Key words: Rhizoctonia solani, seed treatment, soybean, Glycine max, fungicide, bioagent

scholarly journals Analisis Implementasi Customer Relationship Management dan Marketing Public Relations terhadap Nilai Pelanggan dan Dampaknya terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan: Studi Kasus Grand Tropic Suites’ Hotel

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Natalia Natalia ◽  
Cooky Tri Adhikara ◽  
Shirley Agusthina
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Customer Relationship Management ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Relationship Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Business World ◽  
Customer's Loyalty ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the globalization resulted in the business world being colored by the increase of high competition. Because of that the perpetrators of the business must continue to maintain the continuity of his business and to try to look for the opportunity by making use of the superiority that was owned. One of the methods that could be followed was constructive the customer's loyalty by maintaining the available customer so as they were loyal and did not move to the other competitor. Therefore, it is important for the company to create the value of the superior for the customers. The case study was about Customer Relationship Management program (CRM) and Marketing Public Relations (MPR) that was carried out by Grand Tropic Suites’ Hotel to create the value of the superior of the customers where being expected with this superior value to be able to affect the customer to loyal to the Hotel. The aim of this research was to analyze the implementation of Customer Relationship Management programs (CRM) and Marketing Public Relations (MPR) towards the Perceived Value and it impact towards Customer Loyalty.

scholarly journals The implication of seed treatment of winter oilseed rape

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kazda ◽  
P. Baranyk ◽  
D. Nerad
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Rape Seed ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
The Impact

Small plot trials studying the impact of different seed treatments on the occurrence of pests and diseases in autumn were carried out during 2000–2003. The aim was to verify the efficiency of different fungicidal and insecticidal oilseed rape seed treatments and to determine the economical effectiveness of this method of protection. The following insecticidal seed treatments were used: Promet 400 CS (furathiocarb), Cosmos 500 FS (fipronil), Chinook 200 FS (imidacloprid & beta-cyfluthrin) and Marshal ST (carbosulfan). The seed treatment Chinook 200 FS in combination with newly developed fungicidal compound was also assessed. The most effective treatment was Chinook 200 FS (imidacloprid & beta-cyfluthrin), particularly against flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp.), and lower infestations by larvae of the turnip gall weevil (Ceutorhynchus pleurostigma Marsh.) were also found. However, the efficiency lasts no more than 4–5 weeks after sowing. The use of common insecticidal treatments in cases of necessity was found to be beneficial. Plant density in autumn and in spring was greatest in the Chinook 200 FS treatment and in some years a positive influence on yield was also observed with this treatment.

scholarly journals Building multi-country collaboration on watershed management: lessons on linking environment and public health from the Western Balkans

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryann R. Cairns ◽  
Clayton E. Cox ◽  
Jose Zambrana ◽  
Joseph Flotemersch ◽  
Alexis Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
The Us

Abstract Community-based watershed resilience programs that bridge public health and environmental outcomes often require cross-boundary, multi-country collaboration. The CRESSIDA project, led by the Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe (REC) and supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), forwards a resilience-focused approach for Western Balkan communities in the Drini and Drina river watersheds with the goal of safeguarding public health and the environment. The initial phases of this project give a contextualized example of how to advance resilience-driven environmental health goals in Western Balkan communities, and experience within the region has garnered several theme areas that require focus in order to promote a holistic watershed management program. In this paper, using CRESSIDA as a case study, we show (1) how watershed projects designed with resilience-driven environmental health goals can work in context, (2) provide data surrounding contextualized problems with resilience and suggest tools and strategies for the implementation of projects to address these problems, and (3) explore how cross-boundary foci are central to the success of these approaches in watersheds that comprise several countries.

Incorporating Economic Assessment into Capacity Allocation and Infrastructure Charging Policies for Vertically-Separated Railways

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (10) ◽  
pp. 188-201
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Prodan ◽  
Paulo F. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Capacity Allocation ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
Allocation Policy ◽  
Pricing Policies ◽  
Access Charges ◽  
The Impact

Capacity allocation mechanisms and infrastructure access charges in vertically separated railways generally consider only the points of view of the train operator and infrastructure manager. External and other societal costs are not considered in setting these policies and in evaluating their impact on each player. This work proposes a methodological framework for evaluating impacts of capacity allocation and infrastructure pricing policies on society by applying a set of project evaluation guidelines that is normally used for new infrastructure projects to a set of capacity allocation and pricing policies. These guidelines use a cost–benefit analysis to evaluate the project and then understand the impact on each industry player and on society. A case study of the ScanMed corridor is used, looking at a congested section over the Oresund Bridge. The case study evaluates proposed capacity allocation mechanisms that prioritize either passenger or freight traffic. The results of this evaluation show the total impact of a particular policy on each player, including society. External costs are also considered in this evaluation. This approach can be used by decision makers to make more informed decisions when setting infrastructure charging and capacity allocation policy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microbial, Botanical, and Organic Treatments for Control of Peanut Seedling Diseases

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Ruark ◽  
B. B. Shew
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Untreated Seed

Diseases affecting stand establishment are a major obstacle to organic production of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Stand losses of 50% or more are possible with untreated seed. Biological, botanical, and organic seed treatments or soil amendments were tested for efficacy against pre- and postemergence damping-off of peanut in greenhouse, microplot, and field plot trials. Seed of the lines Perry, GP-NC 343, and Bailey (tested as N03081T) were used in all trials. Commercial formulations of Bacillus subtilis (Kodiak), B. pumilus (Yield Shield), Trichoderma harzianum (T-22 PB and Plantshield HC), Muscodor albus, and Coniothyrium minitans (Contans); activated charcoal; two separate soil amendments of dried herbage of Monarda didyma cultivars; a commercial fungicide control (Vitavax PC); and an untreated control were tested in natural soil in the greenhouse. Vitavax PC and Kodiak were the only treatments that resulted in higher percent emergence and survival than in untreated seed. A separate greenhouse experiment was conducted in natural soil or natural soil infested with field isolates of Aspergillus niger. Seed were treated with Kodiak, copper hydroxide (Champion), Plantshield HC, Kodiak + Plantshield HC, Streptomyces griseoviridis (Mycostop), hot water, Vitavax PC, or were left untreated. Seedling emergence and survival was much lower in infested versus uninfested soil. Seed treatment with Kodiak increased percent emergence and survival compared to untreated seed, but was not as effective as Vitavax PC. Field microplot studies in 2007 and 2008 at Clayton, NC, evaluated four seed treatments on the peanut lines following small grain cover crops, soil amendment with M. albus, or no cover. Cover crops did not affect emergence or interact with seed treatments. In field studies in 2007 and 2008 at Lewiston, NC, the peanut lines were planted with M. albus infurrow, with Kodiak or T. harzianum seed treatments, or were untreated. In the 2007 trial, none of the treatments improved stands compared to the untreated check. In 2008, the highest stand counts were produced by seed treated with Kodiak. In both years, Bailey produced the greatest stand counts. A. niger was strongly associated with postemergence damping-off in the field. Regardless of peanut line, in many trials, Kodiak seed treatment increased emergence and survival over untreated seed.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Impact of Development Projects on the Livelihood of Farmers: A Case Study of the Bui Dam Hydroelectric Project

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Amankwah Emmanuel ◽  
Awafo Edward ◽  
Atta-Darkwa Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Social Impact Assessment ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Hydroelectric Project ◽  
The People ◽  
Social Amenities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Location

The development of major social projects such as hydroelectric dams, roads and mining often result in the loss of properties and sometimes relocation of the affected people or communities. This paper examined the impact of the Bui Dam Hydroelectric project on the livelihood of the people affected, especially farmers in the Bono Region of Ghana. The paper also reviewed the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) report of the project in line with the Environmental Protection Agency requirement, examined the compensation and the living conditions of the farmers in the affected communities. Interviews and focus group discussions of farmers in four communities were conducted which was later followed by the administration of questionnaires to seventy-five (75) farmers. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and Excel software for the development of charts. The review of the ESIA report of the Bui dam showed that an extensive ESIA was conducted with only few lapses outlined in the text. The interviews and the questionnaires  revealed  that  the  farmers  who  were  relocated  have  problems  with  land acquisition, soil fertility and irrigation facilities when they were moved to their new location. There were also concerns about inadequate payment of compensations and unfulfilled promises. However, about 97.3% of the respondents were comfortable at their new location because of the proximity to health services, access to good roads, nice buildings and provision of some basic social amenities such as light and water, as well as possible business and employment opportunities. The paper makes suggestions for improving compensations and resettlement schemes in Ghana.

scholarly journals Effect of seed treatments, spacing and season of sowing on yield and quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) under rain shelter

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
V U Anjukrishna ◽  
N Mini Raj ◽  
P Anitha ◽  
A K Aneesha
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Impact

Coriander is an important herb & seed spice. The yield of coriander is influenced by the agronomic practices adopted during cultivation. This study was carried out in the Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Kerala Agricultural University from July 2019 to March 2020 to analyse the effect of seed treatments, spacing and growing season on yield and quality of coriander leaves under rain shelter. The experiment was laid out in factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) with three replications. The study revealed that, presowing seed treatments improved the growth and yield of coriander than untreated seeds. The impact of seed treatments was conspicuous at the time of harvest on growth, yield and quality parameters. Hydropriming for 24 h was found to be the best presowing seed treatment followed by seed treatment with GA3 50 ppm for 8 h. A closer spacing of 10 x 10 cm which accommodated more plants per unit area recorded the highest biomass and herbage yield plot-1. October – December season was found to be the best for obtaining better growth and yield in leaf coriander. Hence, the study concluded that, hydropriming for 24 h or seed treatment with GA3 50 ppm for 8 h, a closer spacing of 10 x 10 cm and October – December season are the ideal combination for the best performance of variety CO-4 for leaf purpose under rain shelter in the tropical moist humid climate.

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