PRODUCTION OF AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Language disorder is one of the most significant symptom domains which characterize Schizophrenia Disorder. The aim of the present study considering these language problems is to find out the number of the affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences on schizophrenia patients’ spontaneous speech and reveal whether their depression, doubts and sceptical behaviours affect their speech. Fifty patients with schizophrenia diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria were included into the study and compared to fifty healthy subjects matched for age, sex and education level with the patients participated in the study. The subjects’ speech was evaluated by using subject-based narration and free verbal narration tests. As a result of the statistical and linguistic analyses, significant differences were found between schizophrenic patients’ and healthy subjects’ speech in terms of between affirmative, negative and interrogative sentence use. The results indicate that the patients' excessive use of negative and interrogative sentences is related to their feature of attributing negatively to the events and emotions they experience.

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An analysis of complex sentence structures in patients with schizophrenia

Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching ◽

10.18844/gjflt.v6i4.1675 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 228-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aysegul Ozcan ◽

Gulmira Kuruoglu ◽

Koksal Alptekin ◽

Sumru Ozsoy

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Language Disorder ◽

Sentence Structure ◽

Complex Sentence ◽

Complex Sentences ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Simple Sentences ◽

And Control ◽

Cognitive Problems

Patients with schizophrenia often display unusual language impairments and these abnormalities in language are among the most extreme and obvious symptoms in Schizophrenia Disorder. In this context, this research attempts to analyze and compare the schizophrenic patients’ and control group’s speech in terms of complex sentence structures. Fifty patients with schizophrenia diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria have been includedd in the study and compared to fifty healthy subjects matched for age, sex and education level with the patients. The subjects’ speech has been evaluated in four stages. These are narration, story picture sequencing, semi-structured speech and free speech. The data consists of 8-10 minute recorded interviews. The recordings have been transcribed based on DuBois’ Discourse Transcription Symbols. The statistical and linguistic analyses have shown significant differences between complex sentence types’ of patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects’. The findings have demonstrated that due to the possible cognitive problems the speech produced by schizophrenia patients is syntactically less complex than that of controls. Additionally, patients with schizophrenia use shorter and simple sentences instead of complex sentences compared to healthy subjects.Keywords: schizophrenia, sentence structure, complex sentence, language disorder, thought disorder.

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Counterfactual thinking in schizophrenia patients

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72121-6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 413-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Caño ◽

F. Contreras ◽

J.M. Menchón

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Mental Representations ◽

Counterfactual Thinking ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Behavioral Regulation ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

The Mean

IntroductionCounterfactual thoughts (CFT) are mental representations of alternatives to past events, actions or states. For example, “If only I had studied, I would have passed the exam”).CFT in healthy subjects is associated with learning, behavioral regulation and planning.Damage to the prefrontal brain regions has been related to decreased generation and use of CFT. Due to the fact that frontal deficits are documented in patients with schizophrenia, it is expected that these patients could also present impairments in CFT.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to examine the role of the generation of CFT in schizophrenia patients.MethodsForty subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and 40 healthy control participants were recruited. The two groups were matched in age, education, and handedness.To investigate the generation of CTF we used an adaptation of the task made by Wells, Taylor & Turtle (1987). In this task, we presented to the subjects one history with 4 different scenarios. After the presentation of the history, we asked to the subjects that list alternatives to solve the problem presented in the history.ResultsThe schizophrenic patients generated less responses of CTF that controls. The patients obtained a mean of responses of 1.48 (1 SD). The mean for the controls was 2.08 (.971 SD). The control subjects generated significantly more counterfactual responses than schizophrenic patients ([t (78) = −2.670, p = .269]).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that patients with schizophrenia have impoverished the generation of CFT compared to normal control participants.

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Measures of anhedonia and hedonic responses to sucrose in depressive and schizophrenic patients in comparison with healthy subjects

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(98)80048-5 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 303-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

I Berlin ◽

L Givry-Steiner ◽

Y Lecrubier ◽

AJ Puech

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Sweet Taste ◽

Taste Perception ◽

Social Anhedonia ◽

Perception Threshold ◽

Sucrose Solutions ◽

Scale Scores ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Depressive Patients

SummaryAnhedonia may be considered as a transnosological feature of depression and schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was to assess hedonic responses to sucrose solutions and sweet taste perception threshold in patients with major depression and in schizophrenic patients in comparison with healthy subjects (matched for age and gender with depressive patients), and to compare these responses to evaluations by the Physical and Social Anhedonia scale of Chapman and the Pleasure Scale of Fawcett, generally used to quantify anhedonia. Hedonic responses to sucrose solutions were similar in patients with major depression (n = 20), schizophrenia (n = 20), and healthy controls (n = 20). Sweet taste perception threshold was significantly higher in depressive patients than in controls. Hedonic response to sucrose was inversely correlated with physical Anhedonia Scores and sweet taste perception threshold with Pleasure Scale scores. Measures of hedonia/anhedonia were not related with the intensity of depression or anxiety as measured by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale, respectively. In 11 depressed patients hospitalised for 17 to 33 days, neither hedonic ratings to sucrose solutions, sweet taste perception threshold, Physical, Social Anhedonia scores nor Pleasure Scale scores were modified in spite of substantial decrease in MADRS or Hamilton Anxiety scores. Hedonic responses to sucrose solutions and sweet taste perception threshold may be used as complementary evaluation to quantify anhedonia.

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Sinistrality in subtypes of schizophrenia

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(02)00677-6 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 272-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Sonia Dollfus ◽

Jacqueline A. Buijsrogge ◽

Karim Benali ◽

Pascal Delamillieure ◽

Perrine Brazo

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Language Disorders ◽

Normal Process ◽

Deficit Syndrome ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Negative Syndrome ◽

Hemisphere Specialization

SummarySinistrality, characterized by an excess of non-right-handedness, has been reported in schizophrenic patients, but the findings are controversial.Aim.As sinistrality could be linked to a failure of hemisphere specialization in schizophrenia that would translate into language disorders, sinistrality was found out in disorganized and positive schizophrenic patients characterized by language disorders.Methods.Seventy-three schizophrenic patients (DSM IV) and 81 controls were evaluated with the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI). Patients were evaluated and classified into five subtypes (deficit, positive, disorganized, mixed and residual) with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome.Results.Disorganized patients had a significantly more severe sinistrality in comparison to the deficit, residual and mixed subtypes and controls. A negative correlation was found between the disorganization and the EHI scores (r = – 0.34; P < 0.01). A significantly more severe sinistrality was also observed in the positive subtype in comparison to controls, but there was no correlation between hallucinatory and EHI scores (r = 0.06).Conclusion.The findings provided further evidence that the defects in the normal process of lateralization observed in schizophrenia affects primarily disorganized patients.

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Structural Characteristics of the Thalamocortical System and α-Rhythm in Mentally Healthy Subjects and Schizophrenic Patients

Human Physiology ◽

10.1134/s0362119720050084 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 627-635

Author(s):

V. O. Manyukhina ◽

A. S. Tomyshev ◽

V. G. Kaleda ◽

I. S. Lebedeva

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Thalamocortical System ◽

Α Rhythm

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Increased frequency of aberrant CSF circulation in schizophrenic patients compared to healthy volunteers

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/0924-9338(96)80454-8 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 16-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

G Oxenstierna ◽

G Bergstrand ◽

G Edman ◽

L Flyckt ◽

H Nybäck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Flow Dynamics ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Improved Method ◽

Csf Circulation ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Duration Of Disease ◽

Csf Levels

SummaryIn a previous cisternographic study of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation in schizophrenic patients, indications for disturbed flow dynamics were found in 10 of 30 subjects. In order to replicate and investigate the clinical and pathophysiological significance of this finding, 39 schizophrenic patients and 42 healthy subjects were examined with an improved method for measurement of CSF circulation. 99mTc-DTPA was injected intrathecally and the gamma cisternograms were evaluated blindly. Correlations between cisternography findings and age, duration of disease, previous hospitalizations, positive or negative symptomatology, exposure to neuroleptics, psychiatric family history, CT findings and CSF levels of protein, tryptophan and monoamine metabolites, were calculated. Seven of the patients showed abnormalities in the cisternograms with a slow or obstructed flow of CSF over the convexities (P < 0.01) whereas none of the healthy volunteers showed abnormalities. There were no correlations between disturbed CSF circulation in the patients and the clinical and biochemical parameters, thus the significance of the deviations, similar to other biological aberrations found in schizophrenic patients, is not known. Recent developments in magnetic resonance imaging offer new possibilities to further examine CSF circulation abnormalities in schizophrenia.

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