scholarly journals Making the Unwanted Visible: A Narrative on Abdülhamid Ii’s Ambitious Project for Yedikule Central Prison in Istanbul

Prostor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2 (60)) ◽  
pp. 360-377
Author(s):  
Ceren Katipoğlu Özmen ◽  
Selahaddin Sezer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Prison Reform ◽  
Ottoman Architecture ◽  
New Perspective

This study aims to investigate three architectural projects proposed for constructing a central prison inside the Yedikule Fortress in Istanbul during the end of the 19th c. Ottoman State assigned the famous architects of the era for this mission such as August Jasmund, Alexandre Vallaury, and Kemaleddin. The narration on the projects shows that there was a strong intention for constructing a central prison in the capital of Ottoman Empire as a sign of success for the overall penalty and prison reform that was one of the main goals for Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II (r. 1876-1909). The interpretation of these distinctive projects is significant since this interpretation helps us both to understand the transformation of the criminal justice spaces of the Ottoman Empire and to provide a new perspective for reading 19th c. Ottoman architecture.

Norfolk’s “Model Prison Community”: Howard Belding Gill and the Social Process of Prison Reform

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Matthew DelSesto
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Prison Reform ◽  
Criminal Justice Reform ◽  
Spatial Design ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Prison Community ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores the social process of criminal justice reform, from Howard Belding Gill’s 1927 appointment as the first superintendent of the Norfolk Prison Colony to his dramatic State House hearing and dismissal in 1934. In order to understand the social and spatial design of Norfolk’s “model prison community,” this article reviews Gills’ tenure as superintendent through administrative documents, newspaper reports, and his writings on criminal justice reform. Particular attention is given to the relationship between correctional administration and public consciousness. Concluding insights are offered on the possible lessons from Norfolk Prison Colony for contemporary reform efforts.

Safeguarding Suspects' Rights in Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline S. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Judicial Cooperation ◽  
Member States ◽  
Incremental Approach ◽  
Defense Lawyer ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Eu

This article analyses the protection of suspects’ rights within the relatively new sphere of EU criminal justice. It evaluates both EU and ECHR protections through the lens of comparative criminal justice, emphasizing the importance of understanding the ways that safeguards for suspects operate in practice across different jurisdictions. By linking together analysis of ECHR fair trial guarantees, EU measures to strengthen police and judicial cooperation, and comparative insights into the function of the defense lawyer, it brings a new perspective to the discussion of how best to protect suspects subject to EU cooperation measures. It challenges the effectiveness of mutual trust and recognition, which is the principle underpinning EU criminal justice cooperation, and which assumes ECHR compliance across Member States. In addition to uneven compliance and enforcement, ECHR protections lack the detail and prescriptive qualities required to protect adequately suspects subject to new EU measures for extradition and evidence sharing. Differences in criminal procedural tradition have made difficult any agreement on universal safeguards for suspects at the EU level, but the EU's new incremental approach to defense rights through the Roadmap and recent ECtHR caselaw have altered the legal landscape, giving cause for optimism.

scholarly journals Correspondence manuals in nineteenth-century Greater Syria: between the arzuhalci and the advent of popular letter writing

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuval Ben-Bassat ◽  
Fruma Zachs
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Letter Writing ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

This article is based on several editions of a recently located letter writing manual by Yusuf Efendi al-Shalfun (1839-95). This booklet provides a new perspective on a period in which the practice of ‘popular’ letter-writing was expanding in the Arab provinces of the Ottoman empire. Little research has been devoted thus far to the implications of the increase in the ability to write (in contradistinction to the ability to read), in the empire’s Arab provinces in the second half of the nineteenth century. Popular correspondence, both personal and more formal, gradually developed among the Arab urban literate population, who used manuals such as the one written by al-Shalfun as guides to write in various official, social, and familial situations. Letter writing thus complemented the work of the arzuhalcis, the professional letter and petition writers in the Ottoman empire. This paper examines the impact of popular letter writing in Greater Syria in the second half of the nineteenth century as well as the public’s ability at the time to communicate through writing.

scholarly journals Pursuing the Horizon of Penal Abolition in Seth Kwame Boateng’s Documentaries

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-130
Author(s):  
Abena Ampofoa Asare
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Prison Reform ◽  
Award Winning

Two recent documentaries by award-winning journalist Seth Kwame Boateng, Locked and Forgotten (2015) and Left to Rot (2016), have played an important role in recent Ghanaian prison reform efforts. This paper identifies the ways these documentaries extend beyond a reformist agenda and move towards a more radical vision of penal abolition. By creating a dialogue between Boateng’s documentaries and the analyses and frameworks of penal abolitionism, this paper calls for a remapping of global abolitionist discourse to include critiques of ‘criminal justice’ that are articulated in diverse geographical, cultural and rhetorical locations.

Adjudicating the Troubles: Violence, Memory, and Criminal Justice at the End of the Wars of Religion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Wars Of Religion ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
Memory Culture ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Post War ◽  
Formed Part

Abstract This article provides a new perspective on the themes of violence, memory and criminal justice at the end of the Wars of Religion by focusing on a particularly well-documented criminal case tried by the Parlement de Paris. Previous studies of the end of the troubles have often focused on the politics and personality of Henri IV or studied the memory culture of elites. This article instead examines how the witnesses who confronted the royalist military captain Mathurin de La Cange made use of a broad social memory of the civil wars and shows how their use of the courts formed part of a larger pattern of post-war conflict resolution. This was a time when people in France endured decades of warfare and confessional division, but nevertheless emerged determined to put an end to the violence by committing to resolve their disputes through the law.

scholarly journals Curative, regenerating, redemptive and liberating? The systematic production of ignorance in Michael Gove’s rhetoric on prison reform at a time of crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-105
Author(s):  
Chloe Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Prison Reform ◽  
Progressive Reform ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Conservative Government

Prisons are in a moment of crisis, with a number of recent high-profile scandals receiving substantial media attention and threatening to undermine the hegemony of the institution. At the same time, the work of the current Conservative Government on criminal justice policy as a whole, and on prisons in particular, has been seen by many as a marked departure from their previous penal policy agenda, heralding a new, progressive and broadly liberal direction. Focusing on Michael Gove’s rhetoric on prison reform during his term as Justice Secretary (May 2015 to July 2016), this article uses critical discourse analysis (CDA) to examine how Gove employed a variety of discursive strategies to create an impression of a liberal, progressive reform agenda, while simultaneously reinforcing the need for an expansive and punitive prison system. Building on recent work on agnotology, it shows that Gove strategically selected, deflected, distorted and ignored the available evidence on prisons. In doing so, he effectively legitimized and reinforced the central role of the prison in the criminal justice system despite increasing evidence of its inefficacy, foreclosing discussion of genuinely radical alternatives.

Identity and Writing: the Case of Eastern Sephardic Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Elisa Martín Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Gender Studies ◽  
Cultural Minority ◽  
Female Writers ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Traditional Roles ◽  
The Way

Access to written culture, which began to be widespread among Sephardic women in the former Ottoman Empire at the end of the nineteenth century, opens a new perspective in gender studies of the Jewish minority in Muslim societies. Writing constitutes one of the main vehicles through which individuals appropriate their own identity and culture. In this sense, female Eastern Sephardic writers represent a fascinating example of how a cultural minority elaborates its consciousness and the awareness of its past. This article deals with this specific issue: the way that both the first Sephardic female writers and those who followed were able to elaborate a new identity through the act of writing and the awareness of its multiple possibilities. The first Sephardic female writers (Reina Hakohén, Rosa Gabay and Laura Papo) show us their contradictions: the identification with the traditional roles of women, the continuous justifications of their work as writers, the redefinition of what means to be a female writer in the context of Eastern Sephardic societies.

The Rise of Juvenile Courts and the Consolidation of Child Removal

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-79
Author(s):  
Peter Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Prison Reform ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Juvenile Courts ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Protection Legislation

In the late nineteenth century, demands to curb parental sovereignty merged with campaigns for prison reform. As a result, calls gathered pace for juvenile courts which would remove children from the adult, criminal justice system and protect children from abusive parents and adults. The juvenile-court movement developed in the context of the growth of child-protection societies and child-protection legislation. Nevertheless, reformers remained frustrated by the enduring power of parental sovereignty and pushed for greater change. In 1899, reformers in Illinois achieved their ambition of creating courts that removed children from the criminal justice system, ensured children could be placed in reformatories, and empowered judges to curb guardianship rights. The courts also worked with family visitors and frequently preferred to place families and children on probation rather than move directly to child removal. Spaniards followed these developments in the USA and countries such as Belgium, and created their own courts.

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