Longitudinal Assessment of Multiple Organs in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects a large population worldwide. T2DM is a complex heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders including hyperglycemia and impaired insulin action and/or insulin secretion. T2DM causes dysfunctions in multiple organs or tissues. Current theories of T2DM include a defect in insulin-mediated glucose uptake in muscle, a dysfunction of the pancreatic β-cells, a disruption of secretory function of adipocytes, and an impaired insulin action in liver. The etiology of human T2DM is multifactorial, with genetic background and physical inactivity as two critical components. The pathogenesis of T2DM is not fully understood. Animal models of T2DM have been proved to be useful to study the pathogenesis of, and to find a new therapy for, the disease. Although different animal models share similar characteristics, each mimics a specific aspect of genetic, endocrine, metabolic, and morphologic changes that occur in human T2DM. The purpose of this review is to provide the recent progress and current theories in T2DM and to summarize animal models for studying the pathogenesis of the disease.

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Longitudinal Assessment of Associations between Residential Traffic Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Development and Progression

ISEE Conference Abstracts ◽

10.1289/isee.2013.o-1-26-06 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 (1) ◽

pp. 4733

Author(s):

Christine Rioux ◽

Katherine L. Tucker ◽

Doug Brugge ◽

Mkaya Mwamburi

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Longitudinal Assessment ◽

Traffic Exposure

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Longitudinal Assessment of Quality of Life in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Self-Reported Erectile Dysfunction

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/diacare.28.11.2637 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 28 (11) ◽

pp. 2637-2643 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

G. De Berardis ◽

F. Pellegrini ◽

M. Franciosi ◽

M. Belfiglio ◽

B. Di Nardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

Longitudinal Assessment

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Disease Prevention through Lifestyle: A Case of the Copper to Zinc Ratio and Insulin Sensitivity

International Journal of Disease Reversal and Prevention ◽

10.22230/ijdrp.2021v3n2a223 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Purnendu Nath ◽

Sukhpreet Patel

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

High Ratio ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Multiple Organs ◽

High Copper

Both type 2 diabetes mellitus and a high ratio of copper to zinc are independently associated with comorbidities involving multiple organs. Separately, patients with poor insulin sensitivity are often reported as having high copper and low zinc. This article reports the case of a 46-year-old male patient interested in reversing his insulin resistance and high copper to zinc ratio, therefore reducing his long-term risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Over a period of 16 weeks, through lifestyle changes and controlling for copper in the patient’s food and water supply, the patient’s copper to zinc ratio improved from 1.91 to a healthy level of 0.55 and his HOMA-IR score improved from 2.0 to a nondiabetic level of 1.2.

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Interferon regulatory factor 7 deficiency prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00505.2012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 305 (4) ◽

pp. E485-E495 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Xin-An Wang ◽

Ran Zhang ◽

Shumin Zhang ◽

Shan Deng ◽

Dingsheng Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Interferon Regulatory Factor ◽

Type I ◽

Regulatory Factor ◽

Multiple Organs ◽

Interferon Regulatory Factor 7

Obesity-related inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we addressed the potential role of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), a master regulator of type I interferon-dependent immune responses, in the regulation of energy metabolism. The expression levels of IRF7 were increased in white adipose tissue, liver tissue, and gastrocnemius muscle of both diet-induced obese mice and ob/ ob mice compared with their lean counterparts. After feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for 24 wk, IRF7 knockout (KO) mice showed less weight gain and adiposity than wild-type controls. KO of IRF7 improved glucose and lipid homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Additionally, KO of IRF7 ameliorated diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Next, we assessed the inflammatory state of the IRF7 KO mice on the HFD. These mice showed less macrophage infiltration into multiple organs and were protected from local and systemic inflammation. This study demonstrates a role for IRF7 in diet-induced alterations in energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Our results also suggest that IRF7 is involved in the etiology of metabolic abnormalities, which suggests a new strategy for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.

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The K469E genetic variant in the ICAM1 gene is associated with type 2 diabetes but not with its vascular complications: a meta-analysis

Journal of Nephropharmacology ◽

10.34172/npj.2020.16 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. e16-e16

Author(s):

Saikrishna Lakkakula ◽

Henu Kumar Verma ◽

Bhaskar V.K.S. Lakkakula

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vascular Complications ◽

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽

Web Tool ◽

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽

Multiple Organs ◽

Diabetic Vascular Complications ◽

Increased Risk

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by diminished insulin secretion and hyperglycemia leading to damage of multiple organs. The present study is aimed to test the association between type 2 diabetes vascular complications and K469E variant (rs5498) of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) gene. Methods: Online databases were searched to retrieve all publications relating to the ICAM1 rs5498 variant in human diabetic vascular complications. In the present meta-analysis, we included all eligible studies and calculated the pooled results using MetaGenyo web tool. Results: Studies concerning ICAM1 gene K469E variant association with either type 2 diabetes or diabetes related vascular complications were included in this meta-analysis. Fifteen articles were included in this analysis (n=10 for T2DM; n=5 for diabetes nephropathy; n=8 for diabetes retinopathy). ICAM1 K469E variant significantly increased the risk of T2DM in the allelic (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20, P = 0.032) and recessive models (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08-1.49, P = 0.004). However, the ICAM1 gene K469E variant is not associated with diabetic nephropathy or diabetic retinopathy. No noticeable evidence of publication bias was detected. Conclusion: In summary, our study indicated that ICAM1 K469E variant was significantly associated with the increased risk of diabetes but not with the diabetic vascular complications.

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Model Based Surface Design to Incorporate the Effect of Soluble Cues

ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2011-53439 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

C. Chan ◽

S. Baek

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Molecular Biology ◽

Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽

Surface Design ◽

Vascular Abnormalities ◽

Disease States ◽

Multiple Organs

Many disease states such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes are polygenic and involve multiple organs with inter-related metabolic and vascular abnormalities, and furthermore are risk factors for other diseases such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cardiovascular or Alzheimer’s diseases. Tissue engineering is attempting to address these diseases from the perspective of developing “spare” or “replacement” parts. Cell and tissue engineering integrates cellular and molecular biology with the principles and methods of chemical and mechanical engineering to develop biological substitutes that can restore, maintain, or control tissue function.

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Brainstem auditory responses in type-2 diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20180718 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 522

Author(s):

Siddharth Suresh ◽

Sharwak Ramlan ◽

Gangadhara Somayaji ◽

Nimalka Sequeira

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Auditory Pathway ◽

Study Groups ◽

Diabetic Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Multiple Organs

Background: Diabetes mellitus causes pathophysiological changes at multiple organs. Brainstem Evoked Response Auditory (BERA) represents a non-invasive tool to detect diabetes related sensorineural hearing loss. The aim was to assess diabetes related central auditory pathway involvement using BERA.Methods: The study comprises two groups, (i) Diabetic group (n=15), (ii) Control group (n=15). The controls were matched for age and sex with the study group. BERA was done for all these patients after detailed clinical examination and relevant blood investigations. Results: There was significant latency differences found in wave III, V and interpeak latencies I-III, III-V and I-V between control and study groups at 70 dBnHL and 80 dBnHL. At 90 dBnHL the diabetic group demonstrated significant latency differences in waves I, III and V and interpeak I-III, III-V and I-V compared to controls. The duration of DM was 5-10 years in 8 patients (53.3%) out of which 7 subjects (87.5%) had prolonged BERA. 7 patients (46.6%) were diabetic for more than 10 years of which all patients (100%) had prolonged latencies.Conclusions: The wave I latency was found non significant which suggests that the pathway from 8th nerve to cochlear nucleus is not affected in diabetic patients. The delay in latencies III and V and interpeak latencies I-III, III-V and I-V in diabetic patients compared to the controls suggests brainstem and midbrain involvement. So the study suggests that BERA helps in early detection of central neuronal axis involvement in type-2 diabetes mellitus.

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