Productivity of winter barley depending on preceding crops in Transcarpathia of Ukraine

Winter barley is a valuable food, fodder, and technical crop. Our research is aimed at obtaining economically and energy-efficient, adequate to the bioresource potential of winter barley grain yield, depending on the preceding crops in Transcarpathia of Ukraine. Research and balance calculations available soil moisture showed that the conditions of Transcarpathia it is negative and ranges from 250 to 1210 tons / ha or 25-121 mm. Accumulation and efficient use of available moisture in the soil depends on the amount of precipitation and their frequency of precipitation, crop rotation (preceding crops), tillage system, fertilization, and weediness of fields. The largest reserves of available moisture in the soil during the sowing of winter barley were after winter rape and buckwheat, the smallest – after sunflower and, especially, corn for grain. During the autumn-winter period, the reserves of available moisture in a meter layer of soil were replenished by 21-35%, but the influence of preceding crops remained. The critical period of winter barley in terms of moisture occurs during earing - grain filling. Preceding crops of early harvesting (winter oilseed rape and buckwheat) have a positive effect on the accumulation and retention of moisture in the soil. Late harvest preceding crops (maize for grain and sunflower) reduce the available moisture content and reserves by up to 18% compared to early harvest crops. On average over three years, the highest yield of winter barley was after buckwheat and amounted to 5.9 t / ha, the lowest - after corn for grain and was at 4.9 t / ha, which is 0.8 t / ha lower than the control variant.

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Renovation of Public Lighting Systems in Cultural Landscapes: Lighting and Energy Performance and Their Impact on Nightscapes

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14020509 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 509

Author(s):

Lodovica Valetti ◽

Francesca Floris ◽

Anna Pellegrino

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Flux Distribution ◽

Cultural Landscapes ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Luminous Flux ◽

Landscape Value ◽

Reduce Energy Consumption ◽

Lighting Systems ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect

The technological innovation in the field of lighting and the need to reduce energy consumption connected to public lighting are leading many municipalities to undertake the renewal of public lighting systems, by replacing the existing luminaires with LED technologies. This renovation process is usually aimed at increasing energy efficiency and reducing maintenance costs, whist improving the lighting performance. To achieve these results, the new luminaires are often characterised by a luminous flux distribution much more downward oriented, which may remarkably influence and alter the perception of the night image of the sites. In this study the implications of the renovation of public lighting systems in terms of lighting and energy performance as well as the effects relating to the alteration of the night image, in historical contexts characterized by significant landscape value, are analysed. Results, along with demonstrating the positive effect that more sustainable and energy efficient lighting systems may have on the lighting performance and energy consumptions of public lighting systems, evidences the impact they may have on the alteration of the nocturnal image.

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Rooting Depth, Growth and Yield of Sorghum as Affected by Soil Water Availability in an Ultisol and an Oxisol

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v60i3.10525 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 60 ◽

pp. 329-335

Author(s):

A. Wahab ◽

H. Talleyrand ◽

M. A. Lugo-López

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Soil Water ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Rooting Depth ◽

Weather Factors ◽

Soil Water Tension ◽

Available Soil Moisture ◽

Water Tension

Grain and stover yields of RS 671 grain sorghum were measured at Barranquitas in an Oxisol and at Corozal in an Ultisol. Measurements were made of weather factors, soil moisture content and tension, plant growth, water deficits and rooting depths. At each site a plot was irrigated as often as necessary to maintain a soil water tension of less than 1 bar. Nonirrigated plots at Corozal were watered whenever necessary to prevent plants from wilting permanently. During a prolonged drought and at grain filling, sorghum extracted water in the Oxisol to a depth of 120 cm. Plants became water stressed after the soil water tension at a depth of 90 cm reached 15 bars. In the Ultisol, sorghum plants were unable to effectively extract available soil moisture at depths below 45 cm. Both plant growth and grain yield were greater in the Oxisol than in the Ultisol. The relative soil compaction of the Ultisol was greater than that of the Oxisol.

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Effects of plant density and tillage on growth and grain yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) under dryland conditions in a semi-arid area in Ethiopia

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600079429 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 108 (2) ◽

pp. 395-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. C. Adjei-Twum

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Density ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Arid Area ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Available Soil Moisture ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L ◽

Semi Arid

SummaryEffects of plant density ranging from 44444 to 133333 plants/ha and tillage practices (planting in flat beds (control), in the furrows of open ridges, on the top of open ridges, in the furrows of tie-ridges and on the top of tie-ridges) on growth and grain yield of sorghum were investigated at Kobo, a typical semi-arid area in Ethiopia, during 1980, 1981 and 1982 cropping seasons. Plant growth was limited in the flat beds because they were likely to be deficient in soil moisture and sometimes in the tie-ridging treatments, due to waterlogging. However, planting on the top of tie-ridges produced 1·6, 0·4 and 1·8 t/ha more yield than in the flat beds, the method commonly practised by the Kobo farmers, during 1980, 1981 and 1982 respectively. In all seasons, the effect of plant density did not show marked differences. The plants rather adjusted their reproductive growth and development to the seasonal rainfall and presumably to the available soil moisture at the grain-filling periods. It was concluded that the highest plant density did not reach the optimum for the area. Planting sorghum on the top of tie-ridges is recommended.

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Analysis of archive samples of spring and winter barley support an increase in individual Fusarium species in Bavarian barley grain over the last decades

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection ◽

10.1007/s41348-019-00220-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 126 (3) ◽

pp. 247-254

Author(s):

Katharina Hofer ◽

Ralph Hückelhoven ◽

Michael Hess

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Species ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Winter Barley

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Breeding effects on sensitivity of barley grain weight and quality to events of high temperature during grain filling

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-005-5068-4 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 141 (1-2) ◽

pp. 41-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Valeria S. Passarella ◽

Roxana Savin ◽

Gustavo A. Slafer

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Grain Weight

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HvPap-1 C1A Protease and HvCPI-2 Cystatin Contribute to Barley Grain Filling and Germination

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.15.01944 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 170 (4) ◽

pp. 2511-2524 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza ◽

Jose D. Dominguez-Figueroa ◽

Blanca Velasco-Arroyo ◽

Ines Cambra ◽

Pablo Gonzalez-Melendi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Filling ◽

Barley Grain

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Change of the productive soil moisture amount under diﬀerent agrophytocenoses in accordance with the used tillage system in short-term crop rotation

Agrobìologìâ ◽

10.33245/2310-9270-2021-163-1-131-144 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 131-144

Author(s):

I. Prymak ◽

M. Yermolaev ◽

O. Panchenko ◽

S. Obrajyy ◽

M. Voytovik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Black Soil ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Reference Level ◽

Tillage System ◽

Wheat Germination

The inﬂuence of four basic tillage systems and four fertilizer systems on changes in productive soil moisture and water consumption by agrophytocenoses was studied within years 2017–2020 in the fve-feld crop rotation on typical black soil (chernozems) of the Bila Tserkva NAU experimental feld. It is established that the productive moisture reserves in a meter layer of soil in the phase of soybean germination are almost the same for moldboard, differentiated, disk and shallow types of tillage, but quite lower for chisel one; in the phases of the budding beginning and maturity of grain this indicator is the lowest for moldboard tillage, and the highest for moldboardless tillage. In the phase of winter wheat germination, as well as earing and full ripeness of grain, this rate is almost at the same level for moldboard, differentiated and shallow tillage, and for chisel one – 9–12 % higher compared to the reference level; in the phase of spring vegetation restoration no noticeable difference between tillage options was recorded. In the phase of sunﬂower seedlings there was the largest amount of the productive moisture in a meter layer of soil in the conditions of moldboardless plowing; the rest of tillage have shown almost the same amount of productive moisture; in the phase of the ﬂowering beginning and full maturity of seeds, they are 3–5 % higher for moldboardless plowing, and 2–3 and 4–6 % lower for differentiated and disk tillage respectively than the reference one. In the phases of tube yielding, earing and full ripeness of spring barley grain, it is 11, 5 and 4 % higher compared to the reference rate for moldboardless plowing, differentiated and disk tillage respectively. For moldboard, chisel, differentiated tillage and shallow tillage, the water consumption coefcient of soybeans was 109, 120, 113 and 131 mm/t respectively. With moldboardless, differentiated and disc tillage, it is 11,5 and 4 % higher in winter wheat, respectively, than the reference level. Crop rotation productivity for moldboard and differentiated tillage at the same level, and for moldboardless and disk – signifcantly lower. Key words: crop rotation, crop, tillage, fertilizers, productive moisture, water consumption coefcient, total water consumption, productivity.

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