HvPap-1 C1A Protease and HvCPI-2 Cystatin Contribute to Barley Grain Filling and Germination

Background Barley grain size is one of the key factors determining storage capacity during grain filling. Large, well-filled grains also have a high malt extract potential. Grain size is a complex quantitative trait and can be easily affected by environmental factors thus the identification of genes controlling the trait and the use of molecular markers linked to the genes in breeding program is the most effective way of improving grain size. Methods Grain sizes of 188 doubled-haploid (DH) lines derived from the cross of a Japanese malting barley variety (Naso Nijo) and a Chinese feed barley variety (TX9425) were obtained from three different sites in two consecutive years. The average data were used for identifying QTL for grain size. Results A total of four significant QTL were identified for grain length (GL) and three for grain width (GW). The two major GL QTL are located at similar positions to the QTL for malt extract on 2H and uzu gene on 3H, respectively. However, the GL QTL on 2H is more likely a different one from the malt extract QTL as most of the candidate genes are located outside the fine mapped QTL region for malt extract. The GL QTL on 3H is closely linked with uzu gene but not due to a pleiotropic effect of uzu. The three QTL for grain width on 1H, 2H and 5H, respectively, were located at same position to those for GL.

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Triticale and barley for grain and for dual-purpose (forage+grain) in a Mediterranean-type environment. I. Growth analyses

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/a96116 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 411 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

C. Royo ◽

F. Tribó

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Area Index ◽

Winter Triticale ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Spring Triticale

Field experiments were conducted for 2 growing seasons (1992 and 1993) at 2 sites in north-eastern Spain under irrigated conditions and high soil fertility. Two 6-rowed barley varieties, 3 spring triticales, and 2 winter triticales were evaluated for grain yield and for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. Forage was cut when the first node was detectable, and grain was harvested at ripening in both cut and uncut plots. Barley, spring triticale, and winter triticale did not differ in biomass at cutting. The number of tillers per plant at the beginning of jointing was about 3·2 in both barley and winter triticale, and 0·7 in spring triticale. Almost all of the biomass components at cutting were positively and significantly correlated with forage yield. Changes in dry matter accumulation and leaf area index and its components in the uncut treatment fitted accurately to the same logistic curve. The maximum number of living leaves per plant was reached between the beginning of jointing and booting in barley and spring triticale, and around jointing in winter triticale. The number of living tillers per plant at anthesis was significantly higher in barley than in triticale. The number of spikes per plant at anthesis was significantly lower in spring triticale than in barley and winter triticale. The efficiency of the plant to accumulate dry matter was greater in triticale than in barley. In barley, grain filling in both cut and uncut harvesting treatments was mainly dependent on current photosynthesis after anthesis. In triticale, which was more affected by terminal abiotic stresses, both photosynthesis and translocation of assimilates contributed to grain filling, independent of the harvesting treatment.

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Productivity of winter barley depending on preceding crops in Transcarpathia of Ukraine

PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE ◽

10.31548/agr2021.02.023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

S.P. Tanchyk ◽

◽

N.I. Babilia ◽

A.I. Babenko ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Critical Period ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Winter Barley ◽

Winter Period ◽

Available Soil Moisture ◽

Tillage System ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Early Harvest

Winter barley is a valuable food, fodder, and technical crop. Our research is aimed at obtaining economically and energy-efficient, adequate to the bioresource potential of winter barley grain yield, depending on the preceding crops in Transcarpathia of Ukraine. Research and balance calculations available soil moisture showed that the conditions of Transcarpathia it is negative and ranges from 250 to 1210 tons / ha or 25-121 mm. Accumulation and efficient use of available moisture in the soil depends on the amount of precipitation and their frequency of precipitation, crop rotation (preceding crops), tillage system, fertilization, and weediness of fields. The largest reserves of available moisture in the soil during the sowing of winter barley were after winter rape and buckwheat, the smallest – after sunflower and, especially, corn for grain. During the autumn-winter period, the reserves of available moisture in a meter layer of soil were replenished by 21-35%, but the influence of preceding crops remained. The critical period of winter barley in terms of moisture occurs during earing - grain filling. Preceding crops of early harvesting (winter oilseed rape and buckwheat) have a positive effect on the accumulation and retention of moisture in the soil. Late harvest preceding crops (maize for grain and sunflower) reduce the available moisture content and reserves by up to 18% compared to early harvest crops. On average over three years, the highest yield of winter barley was after buckwheat and amounted to 5.9 t / ha, the lowest - after corn for grain and was at 4.9 t / ha, which is 0.8 t / ha lower than the control variant.

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Effect of high temperature during grain filling on starch synthesis in the developing barley grain

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp97084 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 173 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

M. A. B. Wallwork ◽

S. J. Logue ◽

L. C. MacLeod ◽

C. F. Jenner

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Activity ◽

High Temperature ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Starch Synthesis ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Soluble Starch ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Starch Synthase ◽

Heat Treated ◽

C 30

Plants of malting barley variety Schooner were exposed to 5 days of high temperatures (up to 35°C) during mid grain filling under controlled environment conditions. Grains from heat treated plants accumulated c. 30% less starch than grains from control plants (21/16°C; 14 h day). Reduced starch deposition was not limited by assimilate levels in heat treated grains, but high temperature reduced the conversion of sucrose to starch. The reduction in starch synthesis appeared to result from the effects of diminished catalytic activity of a number of enzymes in the committed pathway of starch synthesis, and/or delayed recovery of enzyme activity in the cooler recovery conditions. Reductions of 11–75% in the activity of the enzymes under investigation followed high temperature exposure. In addition, ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase, branching enzyme and granule bound starch synthase showed increased activity during exposure to moderate temperatures (28–32°C), but reduced activity at high temperatures, while soluble starch synthase showed an immediate loss of activity, even at moderate temperatures. Sucrose synthase and UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase showed the greatest reduction in catalytic activity after plants were returned to cooler conditions. Individual enzymes showed variation in the level of recovery under the cooler temperature conditions which followed the heating period.

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Diamine oxidase is involved in H2O2 production in the chalazal cells during barley grain filling

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jexbot/53.369.677 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 53 (369) ◽

pp. 677-682 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Bavita Asthir ◽

Carol M. Duffus ◽

Rachel C. Smith ◽

William Spoor

Keyword(s):

Diamine Oxidase ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Barley Grain ◽

H2o2 Production

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Grain filling in barley relies on developmentally controlled programmed cell death

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-01953-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Volodymyr Radchuk ◽

Van Tran ◽

Alexander Hilo ◽

Aleksandra Muszynska ◽

Andre Gündel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Cereal Crop ◽

Maternal Plant ◽

Human Diet ◽

Processing Enzymes

AbstractCereal grains contribute substantially to the human diet. The maternal plant provides the carbohydrate and nitrogen sources deposited in the endosperm, but the basis for their spatial allocation during the grain filling process is obscure. Here, vacuolar processing enzymes have been shown to both mediate programmed cell death (PCD) in the maternal tissues of a barley grain and influence the delivery of assimilate to the endosperm. The proposed centrality of PCD has implications for cereal crop improvement.

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