DYNAMICS OF SERUM PROTEIN CONTENT AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CHICKENS WITH DIFFERENT TONUS OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Studenok ◽  
◽  
E .O. Shnurenko ◽  
V. O. Trokoz ◽  
V. I. Karposkyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

The main role in maintaining the functioning of the body, its growth, and development belongs to protein. It is involved in the formation of the muscular skeleton and is s part of enzymes, neurotransmitters, hormones. The effect of the autonomic nervous system on total protein metabolism has not been sufficiently studied. It is known that the autonomic nervous system is a structure that is responsible for the homeostasis and stability of the whole organism. It participates in the regulation of the heart, endocrine and external secretion glands, gastrointestinal tract, excretory organs, and more. In our studies, it was found that in chickens of Cobb 500 strain with different tones of the autonomic nervous system during the growing period from the 35th to the 60th day, different contents of total protein, albumin, and globulins were observed and different body weights were recorded. Vagotonic chickens showed the lowest protein metabolism at the age of 35 and 45 days (P ˂ 0.05–0.001) compared with sympathicotonics and normotonics, which tended to increase between 35 and 60 days of rearing compared with other groups of birds, where the studied protein fractions on the contrary decreased. Correlations between total protein, albumin, and bird body weight had a high linear relationship in all groups of chickens (P ˂ 0.05–0.001) and a negative relationship between the 45th and 60th days of rearing in sympathicotonics and normotonics. In birds with a predominance of parasympathetic tone of the autonomic nervous system, this correlation maintained its direction with high reliability (P ˂ 0.05) between body weight and total protein on the 60th day of rearing.

DYNAMICS OF SERUM PROTEIN CONTENT AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CHICKENS WITH DIFFERENT TONUS OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Studenok ◽  
◽  
V. O. Trokoz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

The main role in maintaining the functioning of the body, its growth, and development belongs to protein. It is involved in the formation of the muscular skeleton and is s part of enzymes, neurotransmitters, hormones. The effect of the autonomic nervous system on total protein metabolism has not been sufficiently studied. It is known that the autonomic nervous system is a structure that is responsible for the homeostasis and stability of the whole organism. It participates in the regulation of the heart, endocrine and external secretion glands, gastrointestinal tract, excretory organs, and more. In our studies, it was found that in chickens of Cobb 500 strain with different tones of the autonomic nervous system during the growing period from the 35th to the 60th day, different contents of total protein, albumin, and globulins were observed and different body weights were recorded. Vagotonic chickens showed the lowest protein metabolism at the age of 35 and 45 days (P ˂ 0.05–0.001) compared with sympathicotonics and normotonics, which tended to increase between 35 and 60 days of rearing compared with other groups of birds, where the studied protein fractions on the contrary decreased. Correlations between total protein, albumin, and bird body weight had a high linear relationship in all groups of chickens (P ˂ 0.05–0.001) and a negative relationship between the 45th and 60th days of rearing in sympathicotonics and normotonics. In birds with a predominance of parasympathetic tone of the autonomic nervous system, this correlation maintained its direction with high reliability (P ˂ 0.05) between body weight and total protein on the 60th day of rearing.

scholarly journals Autonomic Nervous System in the Control of Energy Balance and Body Weight: Personal Contributions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Messina ◽  
V. De Luca ◽  
An. Viggiano ◽  
A. Ascione ◽  
T. Iannaccone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

The prevalence of obesity is increasing in the industrialized world, so that the World Health Organization considers obesity as a “pandemia” in rich populations. The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in the control of energy balance and body weight. This review summarizes our own data and perspectives, emphasizing the influence exerted by autonomic nervous system on energy expenditure and food intake, which are able to determine the body weight. Activation of the sympathetic discharge causes an increase in energy expenditure and a decrease in food intake, while reduction of food intake and body weight loss determines a reduction of the sympathetic activity. On the other hand, pathophysiological mechanisms of the obesity involve alterations of the sympathetic nervous system in accordance with the “Mona Lisa Hypothesis,” an acronym for “most obesities known are low in sympathetic activity.” Furthermore, the parasympathetic influences on the energy expenditure are analyzed in this review, showing that an increase in parasympathetic activity can induce a paradoxical enhancement of energy consumption.

CORRECTION OF AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION IN YOUNG WOMEN BY OPTIMIZATION OF COMPONENT BODY COMPOSITION

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 2569-2574
Author(s):  
Oksana P. Kentesh ◽  
Marianna I. Nemesh ◽  
Olga S. Palamarchuk ◽  
Yulianna M. Savka ◽  
Yaroslava I. Slyvka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Weight Correction

The aim: The article aims toevaluate the possibility of optimizing the state of the autonomic nervous system in almost healthy young females with different component body composition through physicalactivity and sensible nutrition. Materials and methods: The study involved 30 young females. Body weight of women was measured both before and after the proposed weight correction program. Such parameters as body mass index (BMI, kg / m2),fat mass percentage(FMP,%),visceral fat content (VF,unit) and fat free mass content (FFM, %) using a bioimpedance analyser “TANITA BC-601”were measured. Also, the study of the state of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) based on the registration of the rhythmogram using the computer hardware complex “CARDIOLAB” (HAI – Medica) was carried out. Results: Analysis of the results of the study revealed that the regulation of functions in women with suboptimal ratio of adipose and muscle tissues in the body was carried out mainly through suprasegmental levels of regulation (VLF%) and was accompanied by a decrease in the activity of segmental autonomic influences.At the same time, the theoretical assumption about the possibility of correction of autonomic disorders by normalizing adipose and muscle tissueswas experimentally confirmed.Under the influence of a two-month program of body weight correction an increase in the functional activity of the autonomic control loop and improvement of the internal structure of the spectrum of neuroautonomicregulation (reduction of VLF-oscillations and increase of LF-effects and HF-effects) in the examined women were observed. Conclusions: Thus, physical activity and sensible nutrition have a positive effect on the rheology of adipose tissue and the mechanisms of regulation of body functions, so they can be used to correct their disorders.

scholarly journals Study on autonomic nervous system activity with compression socks on lower limbs in isotonic exercise

Impact ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
Hideo Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Sports Science

The benefits of exercise have been widely recognised for a long time. Exercise increases heart rate, in turn facilitating the effective flow of oxygen and blood around the body and enabling the muscles to use this oxygen and blood in economically beneficial ways. Dr Hideo Nakamura, Department of Health Promotion and Sports Science, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Japan, is exploring the importance of lower limb compression socks for measuring autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. ANS is a key regulator of the cardiovascular system and helps regulate heart rate and blood pressure. Nakamura is filling a research gap as there is little scientific consensus on the effects. A key focus for Nakamura and his team is on the significance of compression socks for sports to measure ANS activity with heart rate variability during exercise. Nakamura is building on previous studies utilising Tone-Entropy analysis, which is effective as it has high reproducibility and high reliability. Using this method, the researchers will explore mental stress, effects of exercise, pharmacological effects and meditation, among other things. The team used a bicycle ergometer to observe heart rate and ANS activity and found that rhythmic exercise could promote improved blood flow in the veins through compression of the lower limbs. Ultimately, the team hopes to define the subtle differences in parasympathetic nervous activity in individuals wearing compression socks.

scholarly journals Indicators of protein metabolism and intensity of lipid peroxide oxidation in chickens with different vegetative status

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (102) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
A. A. Studenok ◽  
E. O. Shnurenko ◽  
V. I. Karpovskyi ◽  
V. O. Trokoz ◽  
B. V. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

The tone of the autonomic nervous system, protein metabolism and enzymes in Cobb-500 crossbred chickens aged 35 and 60 days were studied. The experiment involved 24 chickens, 8 in each group. In birds, the tone of the autonomic nervous system was determined by the method of variation pulsometry. The essence of the method is to record the effect of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems on heart rate in chickens. The effect was determined by recording one hundred consecutive cardio intervals and counting the time interval between each cardiocycle. Venous blood samples were taken from each individual at the age of 35 and 60 days to determine the indicators of protein metabolism (total protein, albumin, globulins) and lipid peroxidation depending on the tone of the autonomic nervous system. It was found that the antioxidant level in chickens with a predominance of the sympathetic division prevailed in all other groups regardless of the age of the bird. At 35 days of age, plasma concentrations of diene conjugates were significantly higher in normatonics and vagotonics (P ˂ 0.05). There was a higher level of activity of ketodienes and Schiff bases in chickens with a predominance of the sympathetic division of autonomic nervous regulation compared with normotonics and vagotonics (P ˂ 0.01). The content of total protein, albumin and globulins prevailed in normotonic hens and was the lowest in vagotonic hens at the age of 35 days. The two-month-old bird with a dominant parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and normotonic hens had the highest levels of total protein, globulins, and conversely, sympathicotonic hens outnumbered the latter in albumin levels. Histidine content was highest in chickens with a balanced type of autonomic nervous system compared to sympathicotonics and vagotonics (P ˂ 0.05). The concentration of sulfur-containing amino acid methionine was highest in vagotonic chickens (P < 0.05) compared with sympathicotonics. Threonine was highest in sympathicotonics compared with other groups of animals and significantly outweighed vagotonics (P < 0.05). The level of lipid peroxidation products in 60-day-old sympathicotonic chickens was consistently higher in contrast to normotonics and vagotonics. At the same time there was the smallest increase in the activity of diene conjugates and ketodienes (P < 0.05) in chickens with a dominant sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, which indicates a slowdown in the accumulation of the final products of lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Autonomous regulation of antioxidant protection and protein exchange in chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (103) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
E. O. Shnurenko ◽  
A. A. Studenok ◽  
V. I. Karpovskyi ◽  
V. O. Trokoz ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

The tone of the autonomic nervous system, protein metabolism and the activity of the antioxidant system in Cobb-500 cross chickens aged 35 and 60 days were researched. The experiment involved 24 chickens, 8 in each group. In birds, the tone of the autonomic nervous system was determined by the method of variation pulsometry by recording the influence of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems on the heart rate in chickens. The effect was determined by counting one hundred consecutive cardio intervals and the time interval between each cardiocycle. Venous blood samples were taken from each individual at the age of 35 and 60 days to determine protein metabolism (total protein, albumin, globulins), enzymatic and non-enzymatic links of the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation depending on the tone of the autonomic nervous system. It was found that the antioxidant level in chickens with a predominance of the sympathetic division prevailed in all other groups regardless of the age of the bird. At 35 days of age, plasma concentrations of diene conjugates were significantly higher in normatonics and vagotonics (P ˂ 0.05). There was a higher level of activity of ketodienes and Schiff bases in chickens with a predominance of the sympathetic division of autonomic nervous regulation compared with normotonics and vagotonics (P ˂ 0.01). The content of total protein, albumin and globulins prevailed in normotonic hens and was the lowest in vagotonic hens at the age of 35 days. The two-month-old bird with a dominant parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and normotonic hens had the highest levels of total protein, globulins, and conversely, sympathicotonic hens outnumbered the latter in albumin levels. Histidine content was highest in chickens with a balanced type of autonomic nervous system compared to sympathicotonics and vagotonics (P ˂ 0.05). The concentration of sulfur-containing amino acid methionine was highest in vagotonic chickens (P < 0.05) compared with sympathicotonics. Threonine was highest in sympathicotonics compared with other groups of animals and significantly outweighed vagotonics (P < 0.05). The level of lipid peroxidation products in 60-day-old sympathicotonic chickens was consistently higher in contrast to normotonics and vagotonics. At the same time there was the smallest increase in the activity of diene conjugates and ketodienes (P < 0.05) in chickens with a dominant sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, which indicates a slowdown in the accumulation of the final products of lipid peroxidation. It was found that the predominance of sympathetic tone is characterized by low activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system and tocopherol (P < 0.001, P < 0.01) at 35 and 60 days of age. Indicators of the activity of the antioxidant system had the highest level in vagotonic chickens of the studied age period (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001). The relationship between catalase and tocopherol levels in vagotonic chickens at 35 days of age, which increases at 60 days of age r = 0.53 (P < 0.01) was found.

Emotional processing and the autonomic nervous system: a comprehensive meta-analytic investigation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Silva Moreira ◽  
Pedro Chaves ◽  
Nuno Dias ◽  
Patrício Costa ◽  
Pedro Rocha Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analytic Investigation ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Conductance Level

Background: The search for autonomic correlates of emotional processing has been a matter of interest for the scientific community with the goal of identifying the physiological basis of emotion. Despite an extensive state-of-the-art exploring the correlates of emotion, there is no absolute consensus regarding how the body processes an affective state.Objectives: In this work, we aimed to aggregate the literature of psychophysiological studies in the context of emotional induction. Methods: For this purpose, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analytic investigation, comparing different measures from the electrodermal, cardiovascular, respiratory and facial systems across emotional categories/dimensions. Two-hundred and ninety-one studies met the inclusion criteria and were quantitatively pooled in random-effects meta-analytic modelling. Results: Heart rate and skin conductance level were the most reported psychophysiological measures. Overall, there was a negligible differentiation between emotional categories with respect to the pooled estimates. Of note, considerable amount of between-studies’ heterogeneity was found in the meta-analytic aggregation. Self-reported ratings of emotional arousal were found to be associated with specific autonomic-nervous system (ANS) indices, particularly with the variation of the skin conductance level. Conclusions: Despite this clear association, there is still a considerable amount of unexplained variability that raises the need for more fine-grained analysis to be implemented in future research in this field.

Blood Pressure and Orthostatic Hypotension: Faints, Near-Faints, and Lightheadedness

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eric Ahlskog
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process

Case example: Mrs. H. feels lightheaded intermittently during the day. This happens exclusively when she is up and about. Sometimes she notes graying of vision with these episodes. The feeling is not spinning (i.e., not vertigo). She has fainted twice when standing in line at the grocery store. If she sits, she feels much better. It is worse in the morning but may recur any time of the day. She feels fine while lying in bed at night. Older adults often worry about high blood pressure (BP), yet the opposite problem, low BP, is common among those with DLB or PDD. This is because the Lewy neurodegenerative process impairs the autonomic nervous system. The specific condition that may afflict those with DLB or PDD is orthostatic hypotension. The term orthostatic implies the upright position (i.e., standing); hypotension translates into low BP. Thus, the low BP occurring in these Lewy disorders develops in the upright position; conversely, it is normal or even high when lying down. When standing or walking, the BP may drop so low that fainting occurs. Among people with orthostatic hypotension, the BP is normal when sitting, although in severe cases, even the sitting BP is low. Whereas most people with DLB or PDD do not experience symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, it is sufficiently frequent to deserve attention. It often goes undiagnosed, even when fainting occurs. Unrecognized orthostatic hypotension may limit activities and impair the person’s quality of life. The first half of this chapter provides further background, with focus on BP measurement and recognition of orthostatic hypotension. The last half addresses treatment. The normal autonomic nervous system senses the position of our body with respect to the pull of gravity. It is able to reflexively counter gravity’s downward pull on the blood volume when standing (gravity tends to draw blood toward our feet when standing). An important mechanism for countering gravity’s pull is the constriction of blood vessel diameter in the lower half of the body. These vessels reflexively constrict during standing, in effect forcing blood up to the brain. The autonomic nervous system mediates these and other reflexive changes to stabilize BP.

Man, Machine, and Homeostasis

2011 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
James R. Munis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Claude Bernard ◽  
Shed Light

Physiologist Claude Bernard lived in a time when very little was known about the mechanisms underlying physiologic findings, and he had ample access to clues garnered from observing machines. Let's consider homeostasis (a concept championed by Bernard), an example for which an engineered machine shed light on a fundamental principle of physiology. Homeostasis is simply the tendency of the body to maintain important physiologic variables (eg, heart rate, blood pressure, PACO2) at constant, preset values. An example is a simplified mechanical governor that could be used to regulate the rotational speed of a steam engine shaft. ‘Autoregulate’ might be a more apt word because the governor performs without external help or guidance, provided it is designed and built properly. It doesn't take much imagination to see an analogy between the mechanical governor and the autonomic nervous system. Both maintain specific variables at a constant set point through a process of feedback loops.

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