scholarly journals SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF NO-TILL FARMING IN THE ARID STEPPE OF ORENBURG REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
F.G. Bakirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
No Till ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Dry Out

The article provides theoretical substantiation for yield increase through more efficient use of the most fertile topsoil layer in field crop cultural practices in the arid steppe. The paper used findings of the stationary and field experiments conducted on the soils of the southern Orenburg Region as a basis for the study. Giving up plowing practices and use of low-till and no till methods in crop rotation for 12 years resulted in differentiation of the arable horizon into strata with a more fertile upper layer similar to virgin soils. Humus increased by 18 %, nitrate nitrogen rose by 15 % compared to the tilled layer, and the figures increased by 17 % and 45 %, respectively, with a layer of 20–30 cm. The conventional cultural practices do not use this layer as it tends to dry out and no roots are found in it. This disrupts effective use of precipitation (no more than 5– 7 mm) during the growing season. A technology ensuring water infiltration into soil (2–8 cm) is needed for developing a secondary root system in grain crops and side shoots in root crops. This will increase grain yield by 0,7–1,0 t/ha and improve root crop yields significantly.

Johnsongrass Control with DPX-V9360 and CGA-136872 in Corn (Zea mays) in Virginia

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Harold L. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Five field experiments were conducted at two locations in Virginia during 1988–89 to evaluate DPX-V9360 and CGA-136872 for postemergence control of johnsongrass in field corn grown under no-till and conventional conditions. DPX-V9360 at rates of 35 (except in no-till plots), 52, and 69 g ai ha-1applied to 8-leaf johnsongrass was 88 to 98% effective in 1988. CGA-136872 at 25, 49, and 99 g ha-1was 80% effective at the highest rate. Applications of these herbicides to 6-leaf johnsongrass resulted in 69% or less control. DPX-V9360 at 35, 52, and 69 g ha-1and CGA-136872 at 20 and 40 g ha-1applied to johnsongrass up to 48 cm in height provided 77 to 97% control at 7 WAT3in an excellent stand of conventionally planted corn during 1989. Crop yields were more than doubled with herbicide treatments relative to yields in control plots. At a second location where crop damage caused by other factors resulted in a weak stand, DPX-V9360 provided 61 to 96% control compared to 29 to 56% control with CGA-136872.

IMPROVING LOCAL CULTIVATION OF SOYBEAN IN INDONESIA THROUGH FARMERS' EXPERIMENTS

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. VAN DEN BERG ◽  
A. S. LESTARI
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Experimental Skills

The results of 86 replicated experiments on soybean (Glycine max) cultivation practices in eight provinces – planned, conducted and analysed by farmers – were examined to identify local differences in the effects of cultural practices on yield, and to explore the potential for farmers to improve their practices. Plant spacing consistently improved yield relative to broadcast seeding. The comparison between a moderate and a high dose of N, and between local spraying practices and integrated pest management, also had a relatively consistent effect on yield. Conversely, the effects of straw mulch, of moderate doses of N compared to zero N, and of weeding, were highly location-specific. A change in cultural practices influenced yield and economic benefits more strongly in low- than in high-yield situations. Modifications of current cultivation practices often resulted in a significant yield increase. This suggests that farmers need training in how to improve their cultural practices and that it should utilize locally conducted field experiments. Training in experimental skills made farmers less dependent on external measures and advisers, and enabled them to become ‘experts’ who utilize science.

Effects of Preplant Treatment Interval and Tillages on Herbicide Toxicity to Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex G. Ogg ◽  
Frank L. Young
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Treatment Interval ◽  
Herbicide Toxicity

Glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.3 + 0.5 or 0.4 + 0.7 kg ae ha-1applied 31 to 1 d before seeding did not affect wheat yields or grain test weights, in field experiments in conventionally tilled and no-till winter wheat. In the conventionally-tilled system in each of two years and in the no-till system in a year with 48 mm rain within 7 d before wheat was seeded, picloram applied at 0.14 kg ai ha-1from 31 to 1 d before seeding reduced crop yields by 7 to 8%. In the conventionally-tilled system in a year with only 2 mm rain within 7 d before wheat was seeded, 2,4-D at 3.4 kg ae ha-1and dicamba at 0.14 kg ae ha-1applied 30 to 1 d before seeding, reduced wheat yields by 7 and 4%, respectively. Grain test weights in both tillage systems were increased slightly by picloram at 0.14 kg ha-1, but were decreased slightly by dicamba at 0.14 kg ha-1, in the year with little rain before sowing. Test weights did not differ among herbicides or tillage systems in the year with significant rain a few days before seeding.

Effect of Tillage Systems on Soil Organic Carbon and Soil Quality in a Purple Paddy Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1190-1194
Author(s):  
Jun Ke Zhang ◽  
Qing Ju Hao ◽  
Chang Sheng Jiang ◽  
Yan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Purple Soil ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Field Station ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

The impact of conservation tillage practices on carbon sequestration has been of great interest in recent years. This experiment analyzed the organic carbon status of soils sampled at depth increments from 0 to 60 cm after 20 years in a purple paddy soil. The tillage experiment was established in the Key Field Station for Monitoring of Eco-Environment of Purple Soil of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, located in the farm of Southwest University (30°26′N, 106°26′E), Chongqing. In this paper, five tillage treatments including conventional tillage with rice only system (DP), conventional tillage with rotation of rice and rape system (SL), no-till and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system (LM), no-till and plain culture with rotation of rice and rape system (XM) and tillage and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system (LF) were selected as research objectives to measure SOC storage and stratification ratio of SOC (CSR). The SOC storage under different tillage systems was calculated based on an equivalent soil mass. The CSR can be used as an indicator of soil quality because surface organic matter is essential to erosion control, water infiltration, and the conservation of nutrients. Results showed that in soil under no-till SOC was concentrated near the surface, while in tilled soil SOC decreased equably with the increase of soil depth. The difference of SOC contents between the five tillage systems was the largest in the top soil and the lowest in the bottom soil. The order of SOC storage was LM (158.52 Mg C•ha-1) >DP (106.74 Mg C•ha-1) >XM (100.11 Mg C•ha-1) >LF (93.11 Mg C•ha-1) >SL (88.59 Mg C•ha-1), LM treatment was significantly higher than the other treatments. The CSR of 0-10/50-60 cm was 2.65, 2.70 and 2.14 under LM, XM and LF treatments, while 1.54 and 1.92 under DP and SL treatments. We considered CSR>2 indicate an improvement in soil quality produced by changing from tillage to no-tillage, as well as changing from plane to ridge. Overall, long-term LM treatment is a valid strategy for increasing SOC storage and improving soil quality in a purple paddy soil in Southwest China.

HERBICIDES FOR FORAGE CORN NO-TILL SEEDED INTO CEREAL STUBBLE

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY ◽  
J. R. ENMAN
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Forage Yields

Forage corn (Zea mays L.) was grown successfully in Prince Edward Island by no-till planting the corn into standing cereal stubble 15–20 cm tall using a Buffalo no-till seeder. Planting with the slot-type shoe in a preliminary experiment in 1978 gave better forage yields than planting with a slice-type shoe mainly because of better plant population achieved. Subsequent experiments in 1979–1981 using the slot-type shoe to no-till plant corn in cereal stubble gave good forage yields when adequate weed control was provided with herbicide treatment. Best control of quackgrass (Agropyron repens L. Beauv.) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber) and crop yields was achieved with glyphosate + atrazine (1.5 + 2.5 kg a.i./ha) or amitrole + atrazine (3.4 + 2.5 kg a.i./ha) applied preemergence after seeding corn and before corn emergence. Control of quack grass and dandelion with glyphosate or amitrole used alone ranged from 71–80%, but paraquat alone did not provide any weed control. Addition of atrazine to paraquat, glyphosate, or amitrole gave improved control of quackgrass and dandelion and higher forage corn yields. Addition of 2.5 kg a.i./ha atrazine gave better results than use of 1.0 kg a.i./ha of atrazine.Key words: Forage corn, no-till seeding, glyphosate, atrazine, aminotriazole, paraquat

scholarly journals Comparison of Fish Pond Waste Water with Manures under Garden Egg in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic J. Udoh ◽  
Otobong B. Iren ◽  
Jeremiah E. Jonathan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Cropping Seasons

<p class="1Body">Two field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2013 cropping seasons to evaluate the efficacy and also determine the optimum rates of application for fish pond waste water in comparison with three other manures including one inorganic fertilizer and two organic manures under garden egg (<em>Solanum spp.</em>) crop.Garden egg was fertilized with pond waste water (PW), poultry manure (PM), pig manure (PG) and NPK15:15:15 at equivalent nitrogen (N) rates (0, 150, 300, 450 kg/ha). The treatments were arranged in a split plot under randomized complete block design (RCBD).The results obtained indicated a slight drop in soil pH but soil OM, total N, available P, exchangeable Ca and K increased generally with increasing rates of manures. The PW and PG treatments supported significantly (P&lt;0.05) the highest yields of the crop compared to PM and NPK with the 150 and 300 kg/ha treatments recording the highest increase. These results have shown that under the high rainfall and acidic soil conditions of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria, PW is useful for the improvement of soil conditions and achievement of higher crop yields when applied at rates that supply N in the range of 150 – 300 kg/ha.</p>

Improvement in Chemical Attributes of Oxisol Subsoil and Crop Yields under No‐Till

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dalla Nora ◽  
T. J. C. Amado
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
No Till ◽  
Chemical Attributes

SOIL CONDITIONERS—THEIR EFFECT ON COARSE-TEXTURED SOILS, CROP YIELDS AND COMPOSITION

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
R. M. Holmes ◽  
S. J. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
The Third ◽  
Soil Conditioners ◽  
The Stability

Crop response to soil structural changes caused by soil conditioner amendments was studied in several different sandy soils of New Jersey. The response varied with the crop and treatment. Those chemicals that were slightly hydrophobic were most effective and generally crop response was greatest on these treatments. Cations such as Na may be added in large amounts as part of some conditioners, and this may result in reduced uptake of other nutrients such as Mg. and K. Except for this effect, conditioners did not reduce nutrient uptake by plants. When elements such as Na and N are added in large amounts as part of some conditioners, there may be an increased uptake of these nutrients.Catalin and VAMA conditioners produced a dry surface mulch which appeared to reduce evaporation. Moisture reserves were, therefore, preserved through a drought and this resulted in increased growth of crops over those grown on other treatments. Cultural practices destroyed the stability of the conditioned aggregates, since in most cases the effect had largely disappeared by the third growing season. Chemicals which were effective in soil aggregate stabilization were also effective as anti-crustants when crusting was a problem.

Soil Structural Disturbance Effects on Crop Yields and Soil Properties in a No-Till Production System

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1651-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Díaz-Zorita ◽  
J. H. Grove ◽  
L. Murdock ◽  
J. Herbeck ◽  
E. Perfect
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Production System ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
No Till ◽  
Disturbance Effects ◽  
Structural Disturbance

Influence of Weed Management Practices and Crop Rotation on Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Population Dynamics and Crop Yield-Years III and IV

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince M. Davis ◽  
Kevin D. Gibson ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman ◽  
Stephen C. Weller ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
No Till

Horseweed is an increasingly common and problematic weed in no-till soybean production in the eastern cornbelt due to the frequent occurrence of biotypes resistant to glyphosate. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of crop rotation, winter wheat cover crops (WWCC), residual non-glyphosate herbicides, and preplant application timing on the population dynamics of glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed and crop yield. A field study was conducted from 2003 to 2007 in a no-till field located at a site that contained a moderate infestation of GR horseweed (approximately 1 plant m−2). The experiment was a split-plot design with crop rotation (soybean–corn or soybean–soybean) as main plots and management systems as subplots. Management systems were evaluated by quantifying in-field horseweed plant density, seedbank density, and crop yield. Horseweed densities were collected at the time of postemergence applications, 1 mo after postemergence (MAP) applications, and at the time of crop harvest or 4 MAP. Viable seedbank densities were also evaluated from soil samples collected in the fall following seed rain. Soybean–corn crop rotation reduced in-field and seedbank horseweed densities vs. continuous soybean in the third and fourth yr of this experiment. Preplant herbicides applied in the spring were more effective at reducing horseweed plant densities than when applied in the previous fall. Spring-applied, residual herbicide systems were the most effective at reducing season-long in-field horseweed densities and protecting crop yields since the growth habit of horseweed in this region is primarily as a summer annual. Management systems also influenced the GR and glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotype population structure after 4 yr of management. The most dramatic shift was from the initial GR : GS ratio of 3 : 1 to a ratio of 1 : 6 after 4 yr of residual preplant herbicide use followed by non-glyphosate postemergence herbicides.

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