scholarly journals Comparison of Fish Pond Waste Water with Manures under Garden Egg in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic J. Udoh ◽  
Otobong B. Iren ◽  
Jeremiah E. Jonathan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Cropping Seasons

<p class="1Body">Two field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2013 cropping seasons to evaluate the efficacy and also determine the optimum rates of application for fish pond waste water in comparison with three other manures including one inorganic fertilizer and two organic manures under garden egg (<em>Solanum spp.</em>) crop.Garden egg was fertilized with pond waste water (PW), poultry manure (PM), pig manure (PG) and NPK15:15:15 at equivalent nitrogen (N) rates (0, 150, 300, 450 kg/ha). The treatments were arranged in a split plot under randomized complete block design (RCBD).The results obtained indicated a slight drop in soil pH but soil OM, total N, available P, exchangeable Ca and K increased generally with increasing rates of manures. The PW and PG treatments supported significantly (P&lt;0.05) the highest yields of the crop compared to PM and NPK with the 150 and 300 kg/ha treatments recording the highest increase. These results have shown that under the high rainfall and acidic soil conditions of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria, PW is useful for the improvement of soil conditions and achievement of higher crop yields when applied at rates that supply N in the range of 150 – 300 kg/ha.</p>

scholarly journals Performance and quality attributes of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) fruits grown under soil applied Zn-fertilizer, green biomass and poultry manure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Muyiwa Aboyeji ◽  
Samuel Olatunde Dahunsi ◽  
Deborah Oluwatosin Olaniyan ◽  
Oluwagbenga Dunsin ◽  
Aruna Olasekan Adekiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Pm 10

AbstractField experiments were carried out in 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons at Landmark University Teaching and Research farm, Omu-Aran Kwara state, Nigeria, to determine the effect of soil applied Zn-fertilizer, Tithonia diversifolia (Ti), Chromolaena odorata (Ch) and poultry manure (PM) on the performance, yield, minerals and vitamins composition of okra fruits. Treatments were combined and tested as follows:—Control (T1), Control + 10 kg ha−1 Zn (T2), 5 t ha−1 Ti + 5 t ha−1 PM (T3), 5 t ha−1 Ch + 5 t ha−1 PM (T4), 5 t ha−1 Ch + 5 t ha−1 Ti (T5), 10 t ha−1 Ti + 0 kg ha−1 Zn (T6), 10 t ha−1 Ti + 10 kg ha−1 Zn (T7), 10 t ha−1 Ch + 0 kg ha−1 Zn (T8), 10 t ha−1 Ch + 10 kg ha−1 Zn (T9), 10 t ha−1 PM + 0 kg ha−1 Zn (T10), and 10 t ha−1 PM + 10 kg ha−1 Zn (T11). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four repetitions. Vegetative, yield and quality parameters of okra were taken. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at p ≤ 0.05. Variations were observed on the vegetative parameters, yield, minerals and vitamin composition of okra among the applied amendments. The combined application of green biomass, poultry manure, and Zn-fertilizer improved all the variables tested as compared to when they were applied singly. Application of Zn-fertilizer to some selected plots significantly increased yield, Zn, Mg and vitamins concentration of okra. Application of 5 t ha−1 Ti + 5 t ha−1 PM + 10 kg ha−1 Zn (T3) and 5 t ha−1 Ch + 5 t ha−1 PM + 10 kg ha−1 Zn (T4) significantly improved all the parameters tested but the use of 5 t ha−1 Ti + 5 t ha−1 PM + 10 kg ha−1 Zn (T3) resulted in optimum yield and at the same time increase minerals and vitamin concentration of okra. The results of this study therefore showed that Tithonia diversifolia (Ti) as green biomass contained and released more and quality nutrients than Chromolaena odorata (Ch) when combined with equal rate of Zn fertilizer and poultry manure.

Effects of the use of drainage-/ infiltration systems in the Pleistocene uplands of the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine A. de Wit ◽  
Ruud P. Bartholomeus ◽  
Gé A.P.H. van den Eertwegh ◽  
Marjolein H.J. van Huijgevoort
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Groundwater System ◽  
External Water ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;The Netherlands is a low-lying, flood prone country, located in a delta. Most Dutch agricultural fields are drained to quickly get rid of excess water to increase crop production. Additionally, the freshwater demand of different sectors (agriculture, industry, drinking water) increases, causing an increased pressure on the groundwater system. The combination of fast drainage and increased use of groundwater for human activities led to declining groundwater tables in the Dutch Pleistocene uplands. Given the changing climate resulting in prolonged dry periods, solutions for water retention are needed to decrease the pressure on the groundwater system to guarantee the future water supply for different sectors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the solutions could be to modify the current drainage systems to drainage-infiltration (DI)-systems with a dual purpose. First, the DI-system stores water during (heavy) rainfall in the soil, but if the risk of flooding increases, the DI-system discharges water. Second, (external) water is actively pumped into the drainage network to raise groundwater tables (subirrigation). Through efficient use of the available external water source (treated waste water, industrial waste water, surface water or groundwater) the pressure on the groundwater system reduces.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We focus on the data and model results of several field experiments using subirrigation conducted in the Dutch Pleistocene uplands (&amp;#177; 2017-2020). The effects of subirrigation on the groundwater table and soil moisture conditions will be shown, including water supply rate and hydrological boundary conditions. We also provide both the set-up and results of field scale model simulations (SWAP; Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant model) to i) quantify the impact of subirrigation on all components of the (regional) water balance (including transpiration, drainage and groundwater recharge), ii) quantify crop yields, and iii) optimize the configuration and management of subirrigation systems for different soil types, hydrological boundary conditions, and climate scenarios. &amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Residual and cumulative effect of fertilizer zinc applied in wheat-cotton production system in an irrigated aridisol

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abid ◽  
N. Ahmed ◽  
Qayyum MF ◽  
M. Shaaban ◽  
A. Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Repeated Use

The objectives of present study were to determine the residual and cumulative effects of zinc (Zn) fertilizer on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a silt loam Typic Haplocambid soil (&lt; 0.05 mg/kg diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-Zn). The study comprised of two years field experiments where first cotton crop received zinc sulphate (ZnSO<sub>4</sub>∙H<sub>2</sub>O) at five rates (0, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 kg Zn/ha) in a randomized complete block design with four replications. After harvest, each plot was divided into two sub-plots. To study the residual effect, one sub-plot of all plots did not receive Zn fertilizer for the subsequent crops; however, the other sub-plot received all Zn rates for 2005&ndash;06 wheat, 2006 cotton, and 2006&ndash;07 wheat. Fresh applied, residual as well as cumulative Zn application significantly (P &le; 0.05) increased crops production for both experimental years. Residual effect of 5.0 kg Zn/ha optimized the 2006 cotton yield; however, wheat productivity was optimized with residual effect of 7.5 kg Zn/ha in 2005&ndash;06 and of 10.0 kg Zn/ha in 2006&ndash;07. Optimum yield of both crops was attained with a lesser fresh-applied and residual Zn rate than cumulative Zn rate. Total Zn uptake by wheat (134.9&ndash;289.6 g/ha) was much greater than by cotton (92.3&ndash;192.5 g/ha). It is concluded that one application of 7.5 kg Zn/ha proved adequate for optimizing two cycles of the cotton-wheat production system. Two-year repeated use of 5.0&ndash;7.5 kg Zn/ha did not depress crop yields.

scholarly journals Weed infestation and productivity of maize/soybean intercrop as influenced by cropping patterns in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Imoloame ◽  
Kafayat Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
State University ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field experiments were conducted during the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research (T & R) Farm of the College of Agriculture, Kwara State University, Malete, to determine the effect of cropping patterns on weed infestation, growth and yield of a maize/soybean intercrop in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. The experiments consisted of six treatments as follows: one row of maize alternated with one row of soybean (1:1), one row of maize alternated with two rows of soybean (1:2), two rows of maize alternated with one row of soybean (2:1), two rows of maize alternated with two rows of soybean (2:2), sole maize (1:0) and sole soybean (0:1). The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated by the least significant difference (LSD) at the 5% level of probability. Results showed that sole soybean consistently suppressed weeds and resulted in a higher yield. Similarly, the 2:1 ratio of maize to soybean did not only reduce weed density, it produced significantly higher yields of maize and lower yield of soybean, and had the higher land equivalent ratio and economic returns followed by sole maize.

scholarly journals Effects of Intra-Row Spacing of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and Frequency of Weeding on Yields of Maize-Sesame Intercrop in Makurdi, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Michael Ojore Ijoyah ◽  
J.A. Idoko ◽  
T. Iorlamen
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Competitive Pressure ◽  
Optimal Frequency ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field experiments were conducted from July to October, during 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons, at the Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, to evaluate the effects of intra-row spacing of sesame and frequency of weeding on yields of maize-sesame intercrop. The trial was a 3 x 3 factorial experiment fitted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Nine of the treatments consisted of intercropped maize with sesame sown at the intra-row spacing of 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm, and at the varied weeding frequencies: maize-sesame intercrop sown on plots weeded once (1x) at 3 weeks after planting (WAP); maize-sesame intercrop sown on plots weeded twice (2x) at 3 and 6 WAP; maize-sesame intercrop sown on plots not weeded (NW). Sole sesame and sole maize respectively sown at their recommended intra-row spacing of 10 cm and 30 cm and at their recommended frequency of weeding (2x at 3 and 6 WAP) constituted the tenth and eleventh treatments, which also served as control plots. The results obtained showed that in a maize-sesame intercrop, increasing intra-row spacing of sesame up to 20 cm, on plots weeded 2x at 3 and 6 WAP, significantly (P≤0.05) produced the highest intercrop yields of maize and sesame. This level of treatment not only recorded the lowest competitive pressure, but gave the highest total intercrop yields, highest land equivalent coefficient values (1.01 and 1.13 respectively, in years 2012 and 2013), indicating the highest yield advantage, and highest land equivalent ratio (LER) values of 2.11 and 2.25 respectively recorded for years 2012 and 2013. With these LER values, 52.6 % and 55.6 % of land were respectively saved in years 2012 and 2013, which could be used for other agricultural purposes. The implication of study showed that, to maximize intercrop yields of maize and sesame in a maize-sesame intercrop, the appropriate intra-row spacing for sesame is 20 cm, while the optimal frequency of weeding is 2x at 3 and 6 WAP. This should therefore, be recommended for Makurdi location, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Improving the efficacy of Tithonia diversifolia extract in management of foliar diseases of sesame intercropped with maize under tropical conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Muideen Jimoh ◽  
Ololade Adeduro Enikuomehin ◽  
Clement Gboyega Afolabi ◽  
Victor Idowu Olugbenga Olowe
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Spray Regimes

Abstract Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) and Alternaria leaf blight (ALB) diseases are major constraints to sesame production. Although disease management through intercropping of sesame with maize and foliar-spray with extracts of Tithonia diversifolia have been found to be effective, the frequency of application of the extracts required to achieve optimal disease control have not been determined. Therefore, a study was carried out to determine the effect of frequency of application of T. diversifolia extract on CLS and ALB diseases of sesame intercropped with maize during the early (June – September) and late (August – November) cropping seasons of 2011. Field experiments laid out in a Randomised Complete Block design and in a split plot arrangement with three replications were conducted in Ejigbo, Nigeria. Treatments consisted of aqueous Tithonia diversifolia leaf extract applied at 7.0, 7.5 or 8.0 % (w/v) in one-, two- or three- spray regimes at 2-week intervals from three weeks after planting (WAP) to plots of sesame intercropped with maize; Unsprayed sesame/maize intercrop; sesame/maize intercrop sprayed with Carbendazim (50 %)WP and unsprayed sole sesame plots. Results revealed that CLS and ALB incidence, severity and defoliation were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by three-spray regime of 7.5 % (w/v) T. diversifolia extract. The efficacy of 7.5 % (w/v) T. diversifolia extract was comparable to that of 8.0 % (w/v) T. diversifolia extract or synthetic fungicide (Carbendazim 50 %WP). This study showed that the three-spray regime of 7.5 % w/v T. diversifolia leaf extract is sufficient to control foliar diseases of sesame intercropped with maize.

scholarly journals Water use, growth, and yield of drip irrigated cassava in a humid tropical environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.O. Odubanjo ◽  
A.A. Olufayo ◽  
P.G. Oguntunde
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Engineering Experimental Farm of The Federal University of Technology, Akure, during 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 seasons to investigate the response of cassava under drip irrigation. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were based on four different water regimes; with T100 receiving 100% available water (AW), T<sub>50</sub> and T<sub>25</sub> receiving 50% and 25% of AW and T<sub>0</sub> with zero irrigation (control treatment). Disease free stems of the cassava cultivar TMS 91934 were planted at a spacing of 1 m by 1 m. The results indicated that T<sub>100</sub> full treatment produced the highest average total dry matter yield of 49.12 and 37.62 t/ha in 2006/07 and 2007/08 cropping seasons, respectively. However, the average total dry matter production in T<sub>50</sub>, T<sub>25</sub>, and T<sub>0</sub> showed significant differences in their values. Low total dry matter yields of 7.12 and 5.92 t/ha, respectively, were associated with T<sub>0</sub> for the two cropping seasons. The total water use of 1491.75 and 1701.13 mm was recorded for T<sub>100</sub>, while total water use of 729.00 and 651.13 mm were obtained for T<sub>0</sub> in the two cropping seasons. The water use efficiency determined for the two cropping seasons ranged between 7.38 kg/ha and 32.93 kg/ha. The percentages of total water applied from total water use for T<sub>100</sub> were 51.11% and 61.72%, while 14.83% and 17.85% were recorded for T<sub>25 </sub>for 2006/07 and 2007/08 cropping seasons, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects on NPK Status, Growth, Dry Matter and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa) by Organic Fertilizers Applied in Field Condition

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyi Moe ◽  
Aung Htwe ◽  
Thieu Thu ◽  
Yoshinori Kajihara ◽  
Takeo Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Total N ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Rice Yields

The decline in rice yields as a result of excessive chemical fertilizer (CF) inputs is a matter of great concern in rice-growing regions of Asia. In two-year’s field experiments, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) status, growth characteristics and yield of rice were examined by application of poultry manure (PM), cow manure (CM) and compost (CP). Organic fertilizers were applied as EMN (estimated mineralizable N) based on their total N content. Six treatments were assigned in a randomized complete block design: (1) no-N fertilizer (N0); (2) 50% CF (CF50), (3) 100% CF (CF100); 50% CF + 50% EMN from (4) PM or (5) CM or (6) CP. Compared with CF100, the CF50PM50 (total N ≥ 4%) accumulated higher N, P and K content in leaf, sheath, panicle and seeds, resulting in greater growth and yield. The CF50PM50 increased yield by 8.69% and 9.70%, dry matter by 4.76% and 5.27% over CF100 in both years. The continuous application of CF50CM50 (total N < 4%) and CF50CP50 (total N < 4%) treatments led to similar NPK contents but higher yields than those of CF100 treatment in 2018. In conclusion, the organic fertilizer (total N ≥ 4%) with the EMN method enhances higher N availability in each year. Continuous application of organic fertilizer (total N < 4%) over two years effectively increased N availability in the second year. The 50% organic fertilizer (total N ≥ 4%) and 50% CF led to increased NPK availability and rice yields over the 100% CF treatment, reducing CF usage and leading for sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Pig Manure Application for Remediation of Mine Soils in Murcia Province, SE Spain

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 819-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Faz ◽  
D. M. Carmona ◽  
A. Zanuzzi ◽  
A. R. Mermut
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Metal Mobility ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mine Soils ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Undisturbed Soil

In southern Spain, specifically in Murcia Province, an increased pig population causes large amounts of slurry production that creates a very serious environmental concern. Our aim was to use this waste to reduce the acid mine drainage process, heavy metal mobilization, and to improve soil conditions to enhance plant establishment in mine soils. Pig manure, sewage sludge, and lime were used as soil amendments in a field experiment and in undisturbed soil column. Field experiments showed an increase in pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon, and carbonate contents; a reduction of diethylene-tetramine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)– and water-extractable metals; and an improvement of plant establishment. The field studies showed that pig manure could be utilized to remediate polluted soils. Column studies in the laboratory showed that amendment of mine soil with pig manure initially increased soil pH from 2.21 to 6.34, promoted reduced conditions in the surface soil, and decreased the metal mobility. After 21 weeks, while the leachate was slightly acidic, however, the mobility of metals was substantially low. Additions of 7 and 14% of pig manure were insufficient to maintain a neutral pH in the leachate. Therefore, continuous application of the pig manure may be advised.

Increase in growth, productivity, nutritional status of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and enrichment in soil fertility applied with Azospirillum and nitrogen level

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
V. Namdeo ◽  
N. G. Mitra ◽  
S. R. Jakhar ◽  
R. K. Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Agricultural Chemistry

Field experiments were conducted to Influence of different levels of nitrogen and Azospirillum inoculation on direct-seeded rice in a Vertisol, during kharif season of 2015 at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, JNKVV, Jabalpur. The experiment was laid out under randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications and 8 treatments namely (unfertilized+uninoculated (UFUI), recommended dose of nitrogen 50%+uninoculated (RDN50%+UI), RDN75%+UI, RDN100%+UI, UF+Azospirillum (UF+Azosp.,), RDN50%+Azosp., RDN75%+Azosp and RDN100%+Azosp.,). It was observed that significant improvement was noticed in yield attributes and soil properties. The response from the treatment of RDN100% +Azosp., was found statistically best to increase available nitrogen (N) content in soil at 45 DAS and at harvest of the crop by 29% and 27%, respectively and N content in the plant, grain and straw by 46%, 50% and 55%, respectively over the control of UFUI. Similarly, trend was significantly enhanced total N uptake by crop with 129% over the control of UFUI. While, same treatment combination increasing azospiral population in rhizospheric soil at 45 DAS, 65 DAS and at harvest by 2.28, 2.07 and 2.05 log folds, respectively over the control of UFUI and enhanced yield attributes and yields of grain and straw of rice with 113 and 58%, respectively over the control of UFUI. While the treatment RDN100%+Azosp., exhibited numerically higher values but was statistically at par to RDN75%+Azosp.

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