scholarly journals IMPROVEMENTS IN THE IN-SERVICE AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AS AN EFFECTIVE FACTOR FOR BETTER EQUIPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
I.I. Gabitov ◽  
◽  
F.R. Shaihutdinov ◽  
A.V. Negovora ◽  
◽  
...  

Farming equipment in Russia suffers from low energy supply. Some regions of the country managed to stop a sharp decline in the equipment level. These regions have fewer machines that have com98 pleted their expected service life and average age. In the Republic of Bashkortostan, the state agricultural enterprise «Bashselkhoztekhnika» is the leading company involved in major overhauls and improvements for agricultural businesses' in-service machinery. The paper highlights that the programmes of subsidizing agricultural producers' costs for capital overhauls and improvements in farm machinery have significantly increased the availability factor of tractors and combine harvesters and enhanced their expected service life.

Author(s):  
D.A. BLAGOV ◽  
I.V. MIRONOVA ◽  
N.I. TORZHKOV ◽  
A NIGMAT’YANOV

В работе приводится схема гидролиза сырого протеина в рубце с образованием метаболита, а также методика расчета усвоенного протеина, микробного протеина и баланса азота на примере сена злаково-разнотравного. Представленные формулы легли в основу программы АСТРА , которая позволяет составлять необходимые рационы для крупного рогатого скота с учетом показателей белковой обеспеченности. Рацион в программе рассчитывается по 36 показателям питательности, а его анализ производится по 20 показателям. Демонстрация работы программы осуществлялась на примере анализа хозяйственного рациона в сельхозпредприятии Республики Башкортостан. Расчет показал, что набор кормовых компонентов для коров с молочной продуктивностью 24 кг в сутки и массой 500 кг подобран оптимально, что позволяет данному хозяйству получать высокие удои от коров. В рационе преобладают сочные корма (39,29), которые положительно сказываются на молочной продуктивности, так как некоторые компоненты относятся к молокогонным кормам. Программа выявила и слабые места рациона. Установлено, что в нем наблюдается незначительный избыток обменной энергии 2,0, сырого протеина 5,0 и переваримого 1,0, при этом не хватает 41,0 нерасщепляемого протеина. Рацион нуждается в дополнительном обогащении незаменимыми аминокислотами, такими как лизин, в количестве не менее 25,0 г и триптофан не менее 35,0 г. Алгоритм работы программы позволяет проводить зооанализ составленного рациона с учетом изменяемой питательности. Помимо расчетов можно выявить недостатки и дать соответствующие рекомендации по их устранению.The work presents the scheme of raw protein hydrolysis in the rumen with the formation of a metabolite, as well as the method used to calculate digested protein, microbial protein and nitrogen balanced on the example of hay containing grain and various herbs. Presented formulae were used as the foundation of ASTRA program allowing to create the required diet plans for large cattle taking the values of protein sufficiency into account. The program calculates the diet plan according to 36 nutritiousness parameters, its analysis is carried out using 20 parameters. The demonstration of programs work was carried out on the example of the analysis of farm diet plan in an agricultural enterprise located in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The calculation showed that the set of feeding components for cows with milk productivity amounting to 24 kg per day and body weight of 500 kg was selected correctly, which allows the farm to achieve high cow milk yield. The predominant part of the diet is succulent feed (39.29) which positively influences milk productivity due to the fact that certain components stimulate milk production. The program was also able to detect the downsides of the diet plan. It was found that there is a slight excess of metabolic energy (2.0), raw protein (5.0) and digestible elements (1.0), as well as 41.0 insufficiency of by-pass protein. The diet plan required additional enrichment with such essential amino acids as lysin in the amount of not less than 25.0 g, and tryptophan not less than 35.0 g. The algorithm of work of the program allows carrying out the animal analysis of the diet plan created taking changeable nutritiousness into account. Apart from calculation, it is possible to identify existing downsides and give the corresponding recommendations that can be used to eliminate them.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (42) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Ukhanova ◽  

The protected soil industry is one of the most technologically complex and energy-intensive branches of agriculture. In recent years, especially in 2020, the demand for the products of greenhouse plants is increasing. Reducing the risks of the impact of the quality of energy supply, as well as reducing the cost of electricity due to the constant increase in tariffs are important tasks. Therefore, it is important to identify and analyze modern available technologies and equipment of Russian production for greenhouse farms. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in assessing the impact of the quality of energy supply on the technological processes of greenhouse farms, identifying and analyzing the existing modern domestic equipment that reduces the risks of the energy supply. (Materials and methods) Authors used a computational and analytical method for determining the average indicators of electric energy costs for technological processes in a greenhouse. The article presents a review of the automated greenhouse microclimate management system developed using the products of TM OWEN. (Results and discussion) Automated systems for controlling the greenhouse microclimate can reduce the impact of the quality of energy supply when deviating from normal values, minimize the impact of the human factor on the production process, and collect and archive the indicators of devices for further analysis. The system makes it possible to repair and replace failed equipment without stopping the production process and implies both fully automated and manual control, if necessary. The considered version of the automated greenhouse microclimate control system has been tested in practice and is used in the greenhouse economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan. (Conclusions) The efficiency of the greenhouse economy depends, among other things, on the level of automation, the quality of energy supply, and the use of energy-saving technologies. We stated that it is necessary to continue to work on the identification and analysis of modern Russian-made equipment, informing agricultural producers about the best available technologies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Viktor Ushakov ◽  
Mikhail Goryachev ◽  
Sergey Lugov ◽  
Andrey Kudryavtcev ◽  
Sergey Yarkin

Road pavements in Russia are now working in difficult conditions of ever-growing vehicular traffic intensity. Current methodology for designing flexible road pavements has a number of serious shortcomings, where the best design experience and actual operating conditions of highways are not fully taken into account. In some cases, this leads to ineffective pavement structures design with a short service life. On many roads, rutting and premature wear of road surfaces appear already in the first years of their operation. Drainage systems are silted up in the first years of working. At the same time, geosynthetic materials are sometimes used unreasonably. The service life of roadway surfaces does not comply with the current regulations. In Russia, effective road-building materials are not yet fully used, local road-building materials and industrial waste reinforced with binders are little used. With exception of certain regions of the country, actual experience of operating various road structures with identification of the most optimal solutions is still poorly subject to consideration. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop designs of typical road pavements for various regions of Russia, which will ensure their efficient operation. To develop typical pavement designs, it is necessary to analyze existing ones in real conditions of their operation.


Author(s):  
Victorov V. V. ◽  
◽  
Sharafutdinov M. A. ◽  
Mukhamadeeva O. R. ◽  
Pavlova M. Yu. ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.


2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Elena Ju. Gorbatkova

Introduction. The important factors affecting health and performance of young people are the conditions of education, in particular, a comfortable microclimate in the classrooms of higher educational institutions. Materials and methods. In view of the urgency of this problem, an analysis was made of the microclimate parameters of educational organizations of different profiles (Ufa city, the Republic of Bashkortostan). 294 classrooms were studied in 22 buildings of 4 leading universities in Ufa. A total of 3,822 measurements were taken to determine the parameters of the microclimate. The analysis of ionizing radiation in the aerial environment of classrooms. There was performed determination of radon and its affiliated products content. In order to assess the conditions and lifestyle of students of 4 higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa, we conducted an anonymous survey of 1,820 students of I and IV years of education. Results. The average temperature in the classrooms of all universities studied was 23.9±0.09 C. The average relative humidity in all classrooms was 34.2 ± 0.42%. Analysis of ionizing radiation (radon and its daughter products decay) in the aerial environment of the classrooms and sports halls located in the basement determined that the average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of the radon daughter products (EROA ± Δ222Rn) ranged from 28 ± 14 to 69 ± 34.5 meter, which meets the requirements established by SanPiN. Conclusion. The hygienic assessment of the microclimate parameters of educational institutions of various profile revealed a number of deviations from the regulated norms. The results indicate the need to control the parameters of the microclimate, both from the administration of universities, and from the professors. According to the results of the study, recommendations were prepared for the management of higher educational institutions in Ufa.


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