УЧЕТ ПРОТЕИНОВОЙ ПИТАТЕЛЬНОСТИ В РАЦИОНАХ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. BLAGOV ◽  
I.V. MIRONOVA ◽  
N.I. TORZHKOV ◽  
A NIGMAT’YANOV
Keyword(s):  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Protein Hydrolysis ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Diet Plan ◽  
Slight Excess ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic

В работе приводится схема гидролиза сырого протеина в рубце с образованием метаболита, а также методика расчета усвоенного протеина, микробного протеина и баланса азота на примере сена злаково-разнотравного. Представленные формулы легли в основу программы АСТРА , которая позволяет составлять необходимые рационы для крупного рогатого скота с учетом показателей белковой обеспеченности. Рацион в программе рассчитывается по 36 показателям питательности, а его анализ производится по 20 показателям. Демонстрация работы программы осуществлялась на примере анализа хозяйственного рациона в сельхозпредприятии Республики Башкортостан. Расчет показал, что набор кормовых компонентов для коров с молочной продуктивностью 24 кг в сутки и массой 500 кг подобран оптимально, что позволяет данному хозяйству получать высокие удои от коров. В рационе преобладают сочные корма (39,29), которые положительно сказываются на молочной продуктивности, так как некоторые компоненты относятся к молокогонным кормам. Программа выявила и слабые места рациона. Установлено, что в нем наблюдается незначительный избыток обменной энергии 2,0, сырого протеина 5,0 и переваримого 1,0, при этом не хватает 41,0 нерасщепляемого протеина. Рацион нуждается в дополнительном обогащении незаменимыми аминокислотами, такими как лизин, в количестве не менее 25,0 г и триптофан не менее 35,0 г. Алгоритм работы программы позволяет проводить зооанализ составленного рациона с учетом изменяемой питательности. Помимо расчетов можно выявить недостатки и дать соответствующие рекомендации по их устранению.The work presents the scheme of raw protein hydrolysis in the rumen with the formation of a metabolite, as well as the method used to calculate digested protein, microbial protein and nitrogen balanced on the example of hay containing grain and various herbs. Presented formulae were used as the foundation of ASTRA program allowing to create the required diet plans for large cattle taking the values of protein sufficiency into account. The program calculates the diet plan according to 36 nutritiousness parameters, its analysis is carried out using 20 parameters. The demonstration of programs work was carried out on the example of the analysis of farm diet plan in an agricultural enterprise located in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The calculation showed that the set of feeding components for cows with milk productivity amounting to 24 kg per day and body weight of 500 kg was selected correctly, which allows the farm to achieve high cow milk yield. The predominant part of the diet is succulent feed (39.29) which positively influences milk productivity due to the fact that certain components stimulate milk production. The program was also able to detect the downsides of the diet plan. It was found that there is a slight excess of metabolic energy (2.0), raw protein (5.0) and digestible elements (1.0), as well as 41.0 insufficiency of by-pass protein. The diet plan required additional enrichment with such essential amino acids as lysin in the amount of not less than 25.0 g, and tryptophan not less than 35.0 g. The algorithm of work of the program allows carrying out the animal analysis of the diet plan created taking changeable nutritiousness into account. Apart from calculation, it is possible to identify existing downsides and give the corresponding recommendations that can be used to eliminate them.

scholarly journals Effect of the bovine TG5 gene polymorphism on milk- and meat-producing ability

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2046-2052
Author(s):  
I. Dolmatova ◽  
T. Sedykh ◽  
F. Valitov ◽  
R. Gizatullin ◽  
D. Khaziev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Meat Productivity

Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of thyroglobulin (TG5) gene polymorphism on milk and meat productivity in the various cattle breeds currently bred in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Materials and Methods: The test was performed on dairy cattle of Black-and-White, Bestuzhev, and Simmental breeds, and meat cattle of Hereford and limousine breeds. The purpose of the test was to search for associations between the polymorphic alleles of the thyroglobulin (TG5) gene and economically useful traits. Results: All studied breeds showed a frequency predominance of the TG5C allele (from 0.56 to 0.71). A clear trend of an effect of the genotypes of the TG5 gene on milk-productivity indicators was revealed; cows with the TG5TT genotype have the highest milk yield and fat content in milk. The milk of cows of Bestuzhev and Simmental breeds that possessed this genotype was also characterized by higher protein content. Conclusion: We identified an effect of the polymorphism of the TG5 gene in the Hereford and limousine breeds on fat metabolism intensity indicators, such as fat output and fat content, in the longissimus muscle and in the general sample of ground beef.

Milk productivity of cows and milk quality when using haylage prepared with preservatives Biosib and Silostan

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
I. Fayzullin ◽  
R. Islamov ◽  
N. Kostomakhin
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Subsequent Storage ◽  
Experimental Group

Promising in feed production is the preparation of haylage with subsequent storage of herbage together with preservatives. The modern market off ers various chemical preservatives in the form of organic acids: propionic, formic, benzoic and their salts. Some disadvantages of preservatives of this group (volatility, toxicity, venom, ability to cause respiratory burns, corrosion, etc.) require to organize a search for new ones based on bacteria and enzymes. The purpose of the work was to increase the level of milk productivity of cows and quality of milk by using the preservatives Biosib and Silostan in the preparation of haylage. Scientifi c and economic experiment has been carried out in LLC “Agrofi rma Bairamgul” in the Uchalinsky area in the Republic of Bashkortostan. For the research, 36 Holstein cows have been selected, from which 3 groups of animals have been formed based on the principle of analogues per 12 heads in each. The input in the ration of lactating cows of grain and legume haylage prepared using the technology with the use of preservatives Biosib and Silostan contributes to the increase in milk productivity. The best eff ect has been demonstrated when using the drug Silostan (the 2nd experimental group), which can be explained by the diverse biological composition of microbes, as well as amino acid complexes, enzymes, vitamins and trace elements. The increase in milk productivity of cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups allows to reduce the prime cost of production, respectively according to groups, by 38,7 rubles or 3,31 % and 51,1 rubles or 4,43 %; to increase revenue from the sale of milk by 3186,5 rubles or 4,32 % and 3664,0 rubles or 7,24 %; net profi t by 1791,9 rubles or 17,97 % and 2570,6 rubles or 25,78 % and the level of profi tability by 4,14 and 5,52 % compared to the control group.

РЕПРОДУКТИВНЫЙ СТАТУС КОРОВ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ И КОЛИЧЕСТВА ЛАКТАЦИЙ

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
A.L. AMINOVA ◽  
I.F. YUMAGUZIN ◽  
N.G. FENCHENKO ◽  
N.I. KHAIRULLINA ◽  
D.H. SHAMSUTDINOV
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Reproductive Impairment ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
The Republic

Изучили репродуктивные функции коров в зависимости от молочной продуктивности и количества лактаций путем регулярных гинекологических обследований, а так же причины и характер нарушений. Установлено, что нарушения воспроизводительной функции коров увеличиваются с ростом молочной продуктивности, максимально осложняясь у 43 коров 6 и более лактаций, а продолжительность сервиспериода достигает 145 дней при средних значениях индекса осеменения 3,2. У коров по 1 и 2 лактации частота репродуктивных осложнений составляет в среднем 21. Анализ материалов исследований по состоянию репродуктивной активности обследованных коров чернопестрой породы в условиях Республики Башкортостан показывает, что основной причиной снижения плодовитости является наличие гипофункции яичников, которая может составлять до 37,1, кист 15,2 в высокопродуктивных стадах и 34,5 персистентных желтых тел в низкопродуктивных. Применение комплекса биорегуляторов позволяет получать достаточно высокие показатели прихода коров в охоту от 74 до 91 животных от общего их числа. Наибольшие значения показателя плодотворного осеменения (до 75) были установлены у коров по 3 и 4 лактациям. Обследование выявило, что увеличение молочной продуктивности приводит к увеличению нарушений воспроизводительной функции. По нашим данным, в высокопродуктивных стадах диагностировано гинекологически больных коров в 2,1 раз больше, чем в низкопродуктивных.Reproductive functions of cows depending on milk productivity and the number of lactation periods, as well as the reasons of reproductive impairments, were studied using regular gynecological examinations. It was found that reproductive function impairment in cows is increased with the growth of milk productivity with the complication reaching maximum in 43 of cows for 6 and more lactation, and the length of the service period amounts to 145 days with the average value of insemination index being equal to 3.2. During lactation periods up to 1 and 2 the average frequency of reproductive impairment in cows is 21. The analysis of research materials concerning reproductive activity of examined cows of blackandwhite breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan shows that the main reason of decrease in breeding performance lies in the presence of ovary hypofunction which can amount to 37.1, cysts 15.2 in highly productive herds, and 34.5 of persistent yellow bodies in those with low productivity. The use of bioregulator complexes allows achieving rather high values of cows coming in heat from 74 to 91 of animals from the total quantity. The highest values of successful insemination (up to 75) were registered in cows during lactation periods 3 and 4. Examination found that improvement of milk productivity leads to the increase in reproductive function impairment rate. According to our information, the number of cows with gynecological diseases in highly productive herds was higher than in those with low productivity by 2.1 times.

scholarly journals Assessment of bulls by capa-casein in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00073
Author(s):  
Galina Yu. Berezkina ◽  
Elena M. Kislyakova ◽  
Svetlana L. Vorobyeva ◽  
Konstantin E. Shkarupa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Quality Of Milk

In the article the analysis of bulls-producers used in the republic, depending on polymorphism on k-casein is carried out and the influence of genetic resources on the level of milk productivity, quality of milk and its dampness is determined. It has been revealed that 56 % of bulls in the republic have AA-genotype, 40 % have AB and only 4 % have BB-genotype. The highest yield for 305 days of lactation in cows with BB- and AB-genotypes 6018 and 5985 kg, respectively. Protein content in BB-cow milk was 3.15 %, which is 0.14 % higher in comparison with AA-cows (P ≥ 0.95) and AA-cows – 0.06 % higher. More than a half of all milk examined in the group of cows with BB- and AB-genotype on k-casein (90 and 85 %, respectively) had on rennet and fermentation sample I and II class. In the Udmurt Republic β-asein contains only 26 %, which also affects the quality and yield of finished products, in particular, rennet cheeses.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENTS IN THE IN-SERVICE AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AS AN EFFECTIVE FACTOR FOR BETTER EQUIPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
I.I. Gabitov ◽  
◽  
F.R. Shaihutdinov ◽  
A.V. Negovora ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Effective Factor ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Combine Harvesters

Farming equipment in Russia suffers from low energy supply. Some regions of the country managed to stop a sharp decline in the equipment level. These regions have fewer machines that have com98 pleted their expected service life and average age. In the Republic of Bashkortostan, the state agricultural enterprise «Bashselkhoztekhnika» is the leading company involved in major overhauls and improvements for agricultural businesses' in-service machinery. The paper highlights that the programmes of subsidizing agricultural producers' costs for capital overhauls and improvements in farm machinery have significantly increased the availability factor of tractors and combine harvesters and enhanced their expected service life.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE PRODUCTS OF HORSE BREEDING BASED ON A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS IN THE SOIL COVER OF BASHKORTOSTAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Albert Baynazarovich Latypov ◽  
Richat Yahievich Safihanov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Horse Meat ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
The Republic

Study of different natural and agricultural areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan on the content of heavy metals (HMs) in soils and forages has bioaccumulation, assess their effects on the body of horses and the identification of areas with acceptable terms for environmentally safe products and horse breeding. To do this requires the intensification of productive breeding-organization at all konefermah of the production of horse meat and drink, foraging and feeding horses, expanding the range of products of horse meat and broader participation of equestrian sport. Horse meat is prized primarily for its high-grade protein, b vitamins, especially niacin. It contains a large amount of iron and important microelements of cobalt, iodine, copper. By most measures is equivalent to beef horsemeat, but on the content of essential amino acids and microelements, especially lipotropic substances, horse meat has a considerable advantage. At present, the problem of assessing the availability of soil nutrients for plants, and in spite of the length of the study not only has not lost its relevance in terms of useful plants, but also expanded its borders through questions on the flow from soil into plants of harmful substances, toxic to plants, animals and humans. Essential trace elements (e.g., Cu Zn. Mn, Pb, CD) are in addition to the biochemical processes (photosynthesis, formation of organic-mineral compounds, respiration, transformation of substances, etc.) perform the role of polluting the soil cover substances and toxicants for plants, animals and humans in case of exceeding of MPC, since these heavy metals-active contaminants ecosystems (such as Pb, Zn and Cd-I CU-hazard class, hazard class, Mn (II)-(III) hazard class).

ESTIMATION OF BROOD COW MILK PRODUCTIVITY WITH USING MULTIDIMENSIONAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

1970 ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
E. A. Kondratyuk
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Breeding Farms

The milk productivity increasing in combined with animal longevity ensures the achievement of optimal economic indicators (profitability, payback period of investment projects), reduction of the negative impact of inflation and other macroeconomic factors on the financial results of organizations specializing in milk production. At the example of one of the breeding farms of the Republic of Karelia, a analysis of productivity indicators of dairy cows was conducted (441 species). Processing of the experimental materials was conducted by using methods of cluster, factor and discriminating analysis, which allowed not only for not grouping the numerous population according to homogeneity of manifestations of zootechnical indicators, but also to establish the structure of connections between the researched variables (life longevity, milk production, contents of fat, live weight, and age of the first calving, alleles, and the reasons for disposal). The step-by-step discriminative analysis confirmed by 97,73 % the reliability of dividing the animals into three groups (clusters). Among the principal discriminators dividing the cows reliably were: life expectancy, productivity, live weight and age of the first calving. The use of factor analysis established the direct unidirectional connection between the allele of EAB-system and the reason for the animal withdrawal.

REALIZATION OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF SIMMENTALS IN THE CONDITIONS OF YAKUTI

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
А.Г. ЧЕРКАШИНА ◽  
Р.Г. КАЛИНИНСКИЙ
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Livestock Productivity

По состоянию на 27 февраля 2020 года во всех категориях хозяйств Республики Саха (Якутия) численность поголовья крупного рогатого скота составила 190039 голов, из них  76075 коров. На примере скотоводства Центральной агропромышленной зоны республики рассмотрены состояние, проблемы и возможности повышения молочной продуктивности коров самой многочисленной из разводимых пород республики — симментальской (более 75% в структуре поголовья). Установлено уменьшение ее поголовья, в том числе коров.  Снижение численности скота и низкий среднегодовой удой отрицательно отразились на валовом производстве молока в республике. Анализ рационов кормления коров в стойловый и пастбищный периоды 2016—2017 годов показал несоответствие рационов рекомендуемым нормам кормления, прежде всего, отмечен дефицит протеина и энергии. Несбалансированность рационов способствовала снижению продуктивности скота в 2017 году: удой на 1 фуражную корову уменьшился на 153,8 кг и выход телят — на 14%. Кормление симментальских коров согласно рекомендуемым нормам по обменной энергии и питательным веществам обеспечит реализацию потенциала молочной продуктивности и повысит выход телят. As of February 27, 2020, in all categories of farms in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the number of cattle was 190,039 heads, of which 76,075 were cows. In the example of cattle breeding in the Central agro-industrial zone of the republic, the state, problems and possibilities of increasing the milk productivity of cows of the most numerous of the breeding breeds of the republic — Simmental (more than 75% in the structure of livestock) are considered. A decrease in her livestock, including cows, has been established. The decline in the number of livestock and the low average annual milk yield had a negative impact on the gross milk production in the republic. Analysis of the rations for feeding cows in the stall and pasture periods of 2016–2017 showed that the rations did not correspond to the recommended feeding norms, primarily, there was a deficiency of protein and energy. The imbalance in diets contributed to a decrease in livestock productivity in 2017: milk yield per forage cow decreased by 153.8 kg and calf yield — by 14%. Feeding Simmental cows according to the recommended metabolic energy and nutrient levels will ensure the potential of milk production is realized and the calf yield will be increased.

The dynamics of demographic indices in the Republic of Bashkortostan

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victorov V. V. ◽  
◽  
Sharafutdinov M. A. ◽  
Mukhamadeeva O. R. ◽  
Pavlova M. Yu. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Demographic Indices ◽  
The Republic
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