RUNTUHNYA KHILAFAH TURKI UTSMANI 3 MARET 1924

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftahul Jannah
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tulisan dalam jurnal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses runtuhnya Khilafah Turki Ustmani tanggal 3 maret 1924 dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan umat Islam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah. Metode sejarah adalah prosedur sejarawan Untuk melukiskan kisah masa lampau berdasarkan jejak-jejak yang ditinggalkan pada masa lampau dengan langkah-langkah penulisan sejarah sebagai berikut: (1) heuristik, (2) kritik, (3) interpretasi dan (4) historiografi. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa: Khilafah Turki Ustmani dihancurkan dengan cara menghapus sistem kekhilafahan dan menggantinya dengan sistem republik oleh seorang keturunan yahudi yaitu Mustafa Kemal Attatur. Selama 14 abad kaum muslimin hidup dalam pemerintahan Islam yang mana diterapkan hukum-hukum Islam dalam seluruh aspek kehidupan. Namun sayangnya hari itu tepatnya 3 maret 1924 secara resmi dengan bantuan Inggris, Mustafa Kemal Attaturk mengubah khilafah dengan sistem Repulik Turki dan sampai hari ini sistem tersebut masih berjalan. Runtuhnya khilafah menyebabkan munculnya persoalan kaum muslimin mulai dari kolonialisme, konflik di Negara dunia ketiga, persoalan ekonomi,politik dan sosial budaya.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> Khilafah Turki Ustmani, 3 maret 1924</p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The writing in this journal aims to find out the process of the collapse of the Ottoman Caliphate on March 3, 1924 and its impact on the lives of Muslims. The method used in this study is the historical method. Historical method is the procedure of historians to describe the story of the past based on traces left in the past by the steps of historical writing as follows: (1) heuristics, (2) criticism, (3) interpretation and (4) historiography.</em></p><p><em>Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that: the Ottoman Caliphate was destroyed by removing the Caliphate system and replacing it with a republic system by a descendant of the Jews namely Mustafa Kemal Attatur. For 14 centuries the Muslims lived in an Islamic government which applied Islamic laws in all aspects of life. But unfortunately that day to be exact 3 March 1924 officially with the help of Britain, Mustafa Kemal Attaturk changed the Caliphate with the system of the Republic of Turkey and to this day the system is still running. The collapse of the Caliphate caused the emergence of problems of the Muslims ranging from colonialism, conflict in third world countries, economic, political and socio-cultural issues</em><em>.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> the Caliphate of Turkish Ottoman, March 3, 1924</em>

True History and False History in Classical Antiquity

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 50-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Gabba
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Standard Text

Like all works of literature, works of history end up sooner or later with a readership quite different from that envisaged or hoped for by their authors. A subtle and polemical work such asThe Gallic Warof Caesar has become a standard text for teaching Latin in the early years of secondary education, as have the tender and sophisticated elegies of Tibullus and Propertius. In Italy, the unpopularity of ‘The Betrothed’ by A. Manzoni, a finely ironical and difficult but rewarding novel, is the result of the distaste or boredom experienced by children forced to read it at school.A similar fate has dogged Thucydides. As T. P. Wiseman has recently emphasized, Thucydides and Polybius, precisely because their historical method is close to our own, are regarded as the paradigms against which to judge ancient historical writing—quite wrongly. In fact they are untypical and exceptional; and one has moreover to ask to what extent they were even properly understood in antiquity. In a famous chapter near the beginning of his work (1. 22. 4), Thucydides proudly distances it from that of Herodotus, though without naming him: his own history is not designed for passing appreciation, but is to be of permanent value. Because human nature is always the same, a critical record of past events will present analogies and resemblances when compared with future developments. Knowledge of the past is thus useful, because it improves ones judgment and understanding and even suggests how to behave in situations in which one may find oneself.

scholarly journals ULAMA DAN ULEE BALANG: POTRET REVOLUSI SOSIAL DI ACEH TAHUN 1945-1946

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Heryati
Keyword(s):  
Social Revolution ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

 This study entitled " Ulama and Ulee Balang: Portrait of a social revolution in Aceh in 1945-1946". In this study the authors used historical method. The historical method is the process of critically examine and analyze the records and relics of the past to find the fact that strong. The purpose of this research is to investigate the activities of the Acehnese struggle in defense of the proclamation of independence, and to determine the background Cumbok Incidence marked so that it becomes a social revolution in Aceh. With the re- establishment of unity between the Ulee Balang and the Ulama in Aceh, can expel the occupation and can occupy positions in government. This is a new milestone in the history of the founding of the Republic of Indonesia, apart from any occupation or any form of bond arising from foreign colonialism in Indonesia. 

The Spatial Structure Of Socio-Economic Attributes Of Turkish Provinces

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Albaum ◽  
Christopher S. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Modern Form ◽  
Made In

During the past several decades, deliberate attempts to move from a ‘traditional’ to a ‘modern’ form of society have been made in the Republic of Turkey, resulting in rapid change economically, socially, and even politicallyI. The effort to change from a predominantly agrarian economy, and the concomitant increases in urbanization and industrialization, have had a profound effect on several sections of the country and have, to a large extent, created a whole new structure of spatial organization and patterns. Nevertheless, most of Turkey has been only slightly affected by the modernization process, and remains unaltered by the progress of economic and social development. Although economic growth and capital expenditures for development have steadily increased, they have not been uniformly distributed throughout the Republic, resulting in distinct regional disparities and a socio-economic system with many dualisms in its structure2.

Smile of the Crescent: Constructing a Future Identity Out of Historical Ambiguity in İstiklal Marşi (with Translation)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Günil Özlem Ayaydin-Cebe
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nation State ◽  
State Identity ◽  
National Anthem ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Modern Nation State

Abstract This article analyses identity construction in İstiklal Marşi (“Independence March”), the national anthem of the Republic of Turkey, within the theoretical framework of Eurocentric nation-state rhetoric. It argues that the continuing success of the text, written by Mehmet Akif [Ersoy] in 1921, is independent of the ideological stand of its author, and lies instead in its conveyance of a modern nation-state identity. In order to demonstrate this, the article first depicts the circumstances of the adoption of the national anthem and its immediate reception in Turkey. Afterwards, it examines identity construction in the anthem and reveals that the war against European forces determined the self-perception of the nation by both the negation and mirroring of the other. It concludes that, by foregrounding certain elements such as l’esprit frondeur and faith, and by interpreting the convention of Ottoman Divan poetry, the poet infused the cultural and aesthetic legacy of the past into the future needs of a nation-state.

scholarly journals Contributions about the past of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Turkish historiographic periodics (2010-2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-304
Author(s):  
Lamija Hatibović ◽  
◽  
Amer Maslo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
In Memoriam ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Selective Bibliography ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

This article presents papers on the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina published in the most prestigious historiographical journals in the Republic of Turkey in the period from 2010 to 2020. The first part of the paper explains the criteria for which the authors decided on the journals Belleten, Tarih Dergisi, Osmanlı Araştırmaları, Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi - OTAM. Special attention is given to the works of Bosnian authors published in these journals. In the period from 2010 to 2020, six Bosnian authors published their works in these publications. Two papers were published by Kerima Filan (papers published in Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi - OTAM and Osmanlı Araştırmaları), while one paper was published by Hatidža Čar-Drnda (in Belleten journal) and Adnan Ararić (in Tarr journal Osmanş Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi - OTAM), Sabaheta Gačanin (in Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi), Fahd Kasumović (in Belleten jounal) and Aladin Husić (in Belleten journal). Attention is also paid to the works of foreign authors in which the research focus is on Bosnia and Herzegovina. Six papers published in the Bulletin are presented in more detail, by Zafer Gölen, Hüsnü Demircan, Uğur Ünal, Tufan Turan, then two papers published in Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi - OTAM, by Ayşa Zişan Furat and Kurana published in Osmanlı Araştırmaları by Fatma Sel Turhan. Compared to Bosnian authors, Turkish historians of the Ottoman period have a greater interest in studying the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 19th century, so most of the presented works deal with the events of that century. The authors pointed out the importance, but also certain shortcomings, of the works of Turkish historians. The last part of the paper is dedicated to the analysis of citations of Bosnian authors in the analyzed journals and papers. Papers in Turkish and other researchers rarely cite papers in South Slavic languages, while a large number of cited papers are by Bosnian authors who have published their papers in Turkish or English. Among the cited authors we find, among others, Ahmed Aličić, Hamdija Kreševljaković, Hatidža Čar-Drnd, Smail Čekić, Fikret Karčić, Avdo Sućeska, Nedim Filipović and Hazim Šabanović. The paper also mentions In Memoriam on the occasion of the death of Ahmed Aličić, published in the 37th issue of the journal Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi (OTAM), and several reviews of books prepared or written by Bosnian authors. A selective bibliography of papers, divided into two parts, was offered as a contribution to the paper. The first part lists the works that relate in whole or in part to the past of Bosnia and Herzegovina. These are 15 works by authors from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey and Croatia, and one In Memoriam, which is written in more detail in the main part of the text. The second part of the selective bibliography lists 24 works whose content is partly related to the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Among the authors of these works are world-renowned historians such as Linda T. Darling and Feridun Emecena, but also authors from neighboring countries Dragana Amedoski and Marijan Premović.

scholarly journals The Modern Diasporal Policy of Turkey: Features and Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
N.A. Kuklina ◽  
◽  
V.V. Yudaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Diaspora Policy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

nowadays, the role of the diaspora as an autonomous subject of international relations has grown significantly, and the diasporal policy has become a flexible tool for the foreign policy of many states of the world. The article discusses the history of the formation of the diasporal policy of the Republic of Turkey, its features and implementation technologies, as well as the key institutions responsible for the development of this foreign policy vector. The author characterizes Turkish diasporal politics as a theoretical phenomenon and gives his own definition of the term «diasporal politics». During the study, the author relied on such methods as the general historical method, the analytical method, document analysis method. The author concludes that the vector of the diaspora policy in the foreign policy activity of the Republic of Turkey is new and has its own distinctive features, and the active comprehensive measures undertaken by the Turkish government in this direction to date have already proved their effectiveness.

Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: Southern Cameroons and the Republic of Cameroun

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-653
Author(s):  
Valerie Muguoh Chiatoh
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Third World ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
Present Issue ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship

African states and institutions believe that the principle of territorial integrity is applicable to sub-state groups and limits their right to self-determination, contrary to international law. The Anglophone Problem in Cameroon has been an ever-present issue of social, political and economic debates in the country, albeit most times in undertones. This changed as the problem metamorphosed into an otherwise preventable devastating armed conflict with external self-determination having become very popular among the Anglophone People. This situation brings to light the drawbacks of irregular decolonisation, third world colonialism and especially the relationship between self-determination and territorial integrity in Africa.

Crimes against marriage and family before Criminal Code 1968

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Lidia Peneva
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Structural Point

Crimes against marriage and family are a particular group of social relation­ships that the law has defended properly in view of the high public significance and value they enjoy. At the moment they are regulated in Chapter VI, Section I, of the specific part of the Penal Code the Repub­lic of Bulgaria. The subject matter of this Statement will, however, be the legisla­tive provisions concerning these criminal­ized acts in retrospect. The purpose of the study is to show by historical method and through the comparatively legal method the development of these criminal groups during the periods of various criminal laws in Bulgaria. This will also provide a basis for reflection on possible de lege ferenda proposals. This report from a structural point of view will be divided into three distinct points, marking each of the penal laws in the Republic of Bulgaria, which were in force before 1968.

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