Present events and the representation of the past [Some current problems in Russian historical writing*]

AbstrakTulisan dalam jurnal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses runtuhnya Khilafah Turki Ustmani tanggal 3 maret 1924 dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan umat Islam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah. Metode sejarah adalah prosedur sejarawan Untuk melukiskan kisah masa lampau berdasarkan jejak-jejak yang ditinggalkan pada masa lampau dengan langkah-langkah penulisan sejarah sebagai berikut: (1) heuristik, (2) kritik, (3) interpretasi dan (4) historiografi. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa: Khilafah Turki Ustmani dihancurkan dengan cara menghapus sistem kekhilafahan dan menggantinya dengan sistem republik oleh seorang keturunan yahudi yaitu Mustafa Kemal Attatur. Selama 14 abad kaum muslimin hidup dalam pemerintahan Islam yang mana diterapkan hukum-hukum Islam dalam seluruh aspek kehidupan. Namun sayangnya hari itu tepatnya 3 maret 1924 secara resmi dengan bantuan Inggris, Mustafa Kemal Attaturk mengubah khilafah dengan sistem Repulik Turki dan sampai hari ini sistem tersebut masih berjalan. Runtuhnya khilafah menyebabkan munculnya persoalan kaum muslimin mulai dari kolonialisme, konflik di Negara dunia ketiga, persoalan ekonomi,politik dan sosial budaya. Kata Kunci: Khilafah Turki Ustmani, 3 maret 1924 AbstractThe writing in this journal aims to find out the process of the collapse of the Ottoman Caliphate on March 3, 1924 and its impact on the lives of Muslims. The method used in this study is the historical method. Historical method is the procedure of historians to describe the story of the past based on traces left in the past by the steps of historical writing as follows: (1) heuristics, (2) criticism, (3) interpretation and (4) historiography.Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that: the Ottoman Caliphate was destroyed by removing the Caliphate system and replacing it with a republic system by a descendant of the Jews namely Mustafa Kemal Attatur. For 14 centuries the Muslims lived in an Islamic government which applied Islamic laws in all aspects of life. But unfortunately that day to be exact 3 March 1924 officially with the help of Britain, Mustafa Kemal Attaturk changed the Caliphate with the system of the Republic of Turkey and to this day the system is still running. The collapse of the Caliphate caused the emergence of problems of the Muslims ranging from colonialism, conflict in third world countries, economic, political and socio-cultural issues. Keywords: the Caliphate of Turkish Ottoman, March 3, 1924

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Epilogue: On the Current and Future State of Historical Writing

10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0034 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Allan Megill

Keyword(s):

Historical Writing ◽

Conceptual Difficulty ◽

Universal History ◽

The Past ◽

Initial Decision ◽

Future State ◽

The Face ◽

History Of

This epilogue argues that historians ought to be able to produce a universal history, one that would ‘cover’ the past of humankind ‘as a whole’. However, aside from the always increasing difficulty of mastering the factual material that such an undertaking requires, there exists another difficulty: the coherence of universal history always presupposes an initial decision not to write about the human past in all its multiplicity, but to focus on one aspect of that past. Nevertheless, the lure of universal history will persist, even in the face of its practical and conceptual difficulty. Certainly, it is possible to imagine a future ideological convergence among humans that would enable them to accept, as authoritative, one history of humankind.

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History, Story, and Community: Representing the Past in Latin Christendom, 1050–1400

10.1093/oso/9780199236428.003.0020 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Charles F. Briggs

Keyword(s):

Fourteenth Century ◽

North Africa ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Historical Writing ◽

The Past ◽

Accelerated Growth

This chapter looks at Latin Christendom's evolution of historical writing, which had issued forth from a few, mostly monastic, centers, and eventually swelled into a substantial river fed by many and diverse tributaries. This expansionary trend in historiography was itself but one small manifestation of a protracted phase of accelerated growth in Europe, beginning in roughly the year 1000 and continuing until the early decades of the fourteenth century. The politically atomized, sparsely populated, and economically nonintegrated society that survived the inner turmoil attending the breakup of the Frankish Empire and the incursions of peoples from North Africa, the Eurasian Steppes, and Scandinavia during the ninth through early eleventh centuries, demonstrated a renewed vitality — spurred in part by the new political and economic conditions, as well as a period of improved climate.

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Islam: The Arabic and Persian Traditions, Eleventh–Fifteenth Centuries

10.1093/oso/9780199236428.003.0014 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Konrad Hirschler

Keyword(s):

Cultural Practice ◽

Historical Writing ◽

The Past ◽

Islamic Tradition ◽

Abbasid Caliphate ◽

Middle Period ◽

Early Islamic

This chapter deals with how the Islamic historical writing of the Middle Period developed directly from the early Islamic tradition, and its legacy remained deeply inscribed into the ways history was written and represented between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries. However, as historians started to develop new styles and new genres, they turned to previously neglected aspects of the past, their social profile changed, and the writing of history became a more self-conscious, and to some degree self-confident, cultural practice. Most importantly, those issues that had motivated earlier historians, such as the legitimacy of the Abbasid Caliphate, declined in significance and historians of the Middle Period turned to new and more diverse subjects.

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The Oxford History of Historical Writing

10.1093/oso/9780199236428.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Korean Peninsula ◽

Comparative Approach ◽

Modern World ◽

Historical Writing ◽

North West ◽

The Past ◽

History Of

How was history written in Europe and Asia between 400–1400? How was the past understood in religious, social, and political terms? And in what ways does the diversity of historical writing in this period mask underlying commonalities in narrating the past? The volume tackles these and other questions. Part I provides comprehensive overviews of the development of historical writing in societies that range from the Korean Peninsula to north-west Europe, which together highlight regional and cultural distinctiveness. Part II complements the first part by taking a thematic and comparative approach; it includes chapters on genre, warfare, and religion (amongst others) which address common concerns of historians working in this liminal period before the globalizing forces of the early modern world.

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Arab Historical Writing

10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0025 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Youssef M. Choueiri

Keyword(s):

Western Europe ◽

Arab World ◽

Colonial History ◽

Historical Writing ◽

Quarter Century ◽

The Past ◽

Historical Writings ◽

Arabic World

This chapter traces the principal historiographical developments in the Arab world since 1945. It is divided into two major parts. The first part deals with the period extending from 1945 to 1970. During this period the discourse of either socialism or nationalism permeated most historical writings. The second part presents the various attempts made to decolonize, rewrite, or theorize history throughout the Arab world. The chapter then shows how in the various states of the Arabic world—some but not all of which have become fundamentalist Islamic regimes—Western models continued to be followed, though often with a more explicitly socialist approach than would be the case in America or Western Europe. By the 1970s, well before the shake-up of radical Islamicization that has dominated the past quarter-century, the entire Arabic world began to push hard against the dominance of residual Western colonial history.

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History Teaching in Rural Areas: The University of Venda

Issue A Journal of Opinion ◽

10.1017/s154845050000490x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 17-23

Author(s):

Alan Kirkaldy

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Whole Body ◽

Social Forces ◽

Historical Writing ◽

Social Formation ◽

History Teaching ◽

The Past ◽

The Social ◽

The University

I would argue that history students should understand that the whole body of historical writing consists of interpretations of the past. They should be able to analyse a wide variety of texts and form their own opinions on a historical topic, and should be able to construct a coherent argument, using evidence to support their opinion. In doing so, they should be actively aware that their argument is no more “true” than that offered by any other historian. It is as much a product of their personal biography and the social formation in which they live as of the evidence used in its construction. Even this evidence is the product of other personal biographies and other social forces.

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Translating the Past: Rethinking Rajatarangini Narratives in Colonial India

The Journal of Asian Studies ◽

10.1017/s0021911810002998 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 5-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chitralekha Zutshi

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Historical Writing ◽

Relative Significance ◽

Colonial India ◽

The Past ◽

Its Regions ◽

English Translations ◽

The Status ◽

Multiple Levels

The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. This article examines two translations of the text—one “Orientalist” and the other “nationalist”—with the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production.

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Historiography: An Introductory Guide

10.5040/9781350246881 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Eileen Ka-May Cheng

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Historical Analysis ◽

Historical Writing ◽

Historical Events ◽

The Past ◽

Integral Role ◽

History Of ◽

American Historian ◽

Subjective Perspective ◽

The Many

“What is historiography?” asked the American historian Carl Becker in 1938. Professional historians continue to argue over the meaning of the term. This book challenges the view of historiography as an esoteric subject by presenting an accessible and concise overview of the history of historical writing from the Renaissance to the present. Historiography plays an integral role in aiding undergraduate students to better understand the nature and purpose of historical analysis more generally by examining the many conflicting ways that historians have defined and approached history. By demonstrating how these historians have differed in both their interpretations of specific historical events and their definitions of history itself, this book conveys to students the interpretive character of history as a discipline and the way that the historian’s context and subjective perspective influence his or her understanding of the past.

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What is a Classic in History?

Journal of the Philosophy of History ◽

10.1163/18722636-12341454 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-38

Author(s):

Jaume Aurell

Keyword(s):

Literary Texts ◽

Historical Writing ◽

Historical Criticism ◽

Historical Texts ◽

The Past ◽

Science And Art ◽

Historical Text ◽

Historical Condition ◽

Historical Writings ◽

Narrative Language

Abstract What is the classic in history? What is a classic in historical writing? Very few historians and critics have addressed these questions, and when they have done so, it has been only in a cursory manner. These are queries that require some explanation regarding historical texts because of their peculiar ambivalence between science and art, content and form, sources and imagination, scientific and narrative language. Based on some examples of the Western historiographical tradition, I discuss in this article to what extent historians should engage the concept of the classic – as has been done for literary texts. If one assumes that the historical text is not only a referential account but also a narrative analogous to literary texts, then the concept of the classic becomes one of the keys for understanding the historical text – and may improve our understanding not only of historiography, but of history itself. I will argue in this article that it is possible to identify a category of the classic text in some historical writings, precisely because of the literarity they possess without losing their specific historical condition. Because of their narrative condition, historical texts share some of the features assigned to literary texts – that is, endurance, timelessness, universal meaningfulness, resistance to historical criticism, susceptibility to multiple interpretations, and ability to function as models. Yet, since historical texts do not construct imaginary worlds but reflect external realities, they also have to achieve some specific features according to this referential content – that is, surplus of meaning, historical use of metaphors, effect of contemporaneity without damaging the pastness of the past, and a certain appropriation of literariness. Without seeking to be normative or systematic, this article focuses on some specific features of the historical classic, offering a series of reflections to open rather than try to close a debate on this complex topic.

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