The Spatial Structure Of Socio-Economic Attributes Of Turkish Provinces

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Albaum ◽  
Christopher S. Davies

During the past several decades, deliberate attempts to move from a ‘traditional’ to a ‘modern’ form of society have been made in the Republic of Turkey, resulting in rapid change economically, socially, and even politicallyI. The effort to change from a predominantly agrarian economy, and the concomitant increases in urbanization and industrialization, have had a profound effect on several sections of the country and have, to a large extent, created a whole new structure of spatial organization and patterns. Nevertheless, most of Turkey has been only slightly affected by the modernization process, and remains unaltered by the progress of economic and social development. Although economic growth and capital expenditures for development have steadily increased, they have not been uniformly distributed throughout the Republic, resulting in distinct regional disparities and a socio-economic system with many dualisms in its structure2.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftahul Jannah

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tulisan dalam jurnal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses runtuhnya Khilafah Turki Ustmani tanggal 3 maret 1924 dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan umat Islam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah. Metode sejarah adalah prosedur sejarawan Untuk melukiskan kisah masa lampau berdasarkan jejak-jejak yang ditinggalkan pada masa lampau dengan langkah-langkah penulisan sejarah sebagai berikut: (1) heuristik, (2) kritik, (3) interpretasi dan (4) historiografi. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa: Khilafah Turki Ustmani dihancurkan dengan cara menghapus sistem kekhilafahan dan menggantinya dengan sistem republik oleh seorang keturunan yahudi yaitu Mustafa Kemal Attatur. Selama 14 abad kaum muslimin hidup dalam pemerintahan Islam yang mana diterapkan hukum-hukum Islam dalam seluruh aspek kehidupan. Namun sayangnya hari itu tepatnya 3 maret 1924 secara resmi dengan bantuan Inggris, Mustafa Kemal Attaturk mengubah khilafah dengan sistem Repulik Turki dan sampai hari ini sistem tersebut masih berjalan. Runtuhnya khilafah menyebabkan munculnya persoalan kaum muslimin mulai dari kolonialisme, konflik di Negara dunia ketiga, persoalan ekonomi,politik dan sosial budaya.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> Khilafah Turki Ustmani, 3 maret 1924</p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The writing in this journal aims to find out the process of the collapse of the Ottoman Caliphate on March 3, 1924 and its impact on the lives of Muslims. The method used in this study is the historical method. Historical method is the procedure of historians to describe the story of the past based on traces left in the past by the steps of historical writing as follows: (1) heuristics, (2) criticism, (3) interpretation and (4) historiography.</em></p><p><em>Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that: the Ottoman Caliphate was destroyed by removing the Caliphate system and replacing it with a republic system by a descendant of the Jews namely Mustafa Kemal Attatur. For 14 centuries the Muslims lived in an Islamic government which applied Islamic laws in all aspects of life. But unfortunately that day to be exact 3 March 1924 officially with the help of Britain, Mustafa Kemal Attaturk changed the Caliphate with the system of the Republic of Turkey and to this day the system is still running. The collapse of the Caliphate caused the emergence of problems of the Muslims ranging from colonialism, conflict in third world countries, economic, political and socio-cultural issues</em><em>.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> the Caliphate of Turkish Ottoman, March 3, 1924</em>


2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 5362
Author(s):  
Esra Berkman

The Directorate General of Fine Arts of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Turkey organized a “Competition for Compositions in Infrequently-Used Maqams and Usuls” with November 1, 2005 as the deadline of applications, and the competition ended with the awards ceremony in April 2006. Almost 500 composers applied with their compositions in 50 infrequently-used maqams determined by a board, and a total of 50 works from six groups received awards. The organizing institution emphasized that the objectives of the competition were to bring those 50 identified maqams to light, to encourage composers to compose works in these maqams, and to enrich the repertory of maqamic music.Grouped by their tonics and çeşni’s, only two of these 50 maqams were şed (transposed) maqams. One was Rûhnevâz, the transposed maqam of Bûselik, with the tonic in Hüseynîaşîran, and the other was Reng-i Dil, the transposed maqam of Neveser, with the tonic in Acemaşîran. This article seeks to explain why so few compositions have been made in the maqams Rûhnevâz and Reng-i Dil, which are compared for similarities and differences with other maqams that use the same scales in the context of maqamic analysis and transpositions, as well as the originality of these maqams. ÖzetT.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Güzel Sanatlar Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından 2005 yılı 1 Kasım günü çağrılı “Az Kullanılan Makam ve Usûllerde Beste Yarışması” düzenlenir ve Nisan 2006’da bir ödül töreniyle sonlandırılır. Bir kurul tarafından belirlenen 50 az kullanılmış makamda yaklaşık 500 eser sahibi başvuru yapar ve altı gruptan toplam elli eser ödüllendirilir. Düzen­leyen kurumca, yarışma düzenleme amacının, belirlenen 50 makamın yeniden gün ışığına çıkarılması, bestecilerin bu makamlarda eser üretmelerini teşvik etmek ve makam müziği repertuarını zenginleştirme olduğu vurgulan­mıştır.Karar perdeleri ve karar çeşnileri üzerinden bir tabloda gruplandırılan bu 50 makamın sadece ikisinin şed makam olduğu görülmüştür. Bir tanesi Hüseynîaşîran perdesi kararlı Buselik makamı şeddi Rûhnevâz diğeri ise, Acemaşîran perdesi kararlı Neveser makamı şeddi olan Reng-i Dil’dir. Bu yazıda, makamsal analiz, göçürme uygulaması ve aynı dizileri kullanan diğer makamlarla arasındaki benzerlikler / farklılıklar bağlamında, bunlara ek olarak,  özgünlük kavramı üzerinden irdelenmiş olan Rûhnevâz ve Reng-i Dil makamlarında, neden nicelik bakımdan az sayıda eser verilmiş olabileceği araştırılmıştır. 


1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Pieter J.J. Van Thiel

AbstractThe bust of Jacobus Zaffius (figs. 1 and 2) in Haarlem's Frans Hals Museum was discovered in 1919. Since that time it has been regarded as a fragment of a large portrait of Zaffius painted by Hals in 1611 and believed to be lost. Jan van de Velde made a print of the missing portrait in 1630 (fig. 3). Recently it emerged that the panel on which the bust is painted is bevelled all round, and that the ground and paint continue over the edges. This means that it cannot be a fragment. The theory that Hals himself painted the copy is untenable. The weak design and indifferent pictorial quality suggest that the painting is a contemporary anonymous copy. An attempt to identify the companion portraits of a man and a woman in Birmingham and Chatsworth (figs. 4 and 5), variously dated as 1610/11 and 1617/18, with a view to establishing their true dates, has failed. It was hoped that if discovered to have been painted in or around 1611, they might have served as material for a stylistic comparison. The investigation yielded only a few supplementary heraldic (fig. 6) and genealogical data. Research in the Haarlem municipal archives uncovered new information pertaining to Zaffius' financial capital and family connections. As archdeacon of the diocese of Haarlem and provost of the Haarlem chapter, Jacobus Hendriksz. Zaffius (Amsterdam 1534-1618 Haarlem) experienced the turbulent history of the Dutch Catholic church during the birth of the Republic. Towards the end of his life he added a few houses to a recently founded bofje of almshouses (fig. 9). Van de Velde's print was made in 1630, when Catholicism had established itself in the Dutch archdiocese and embarked on the documentation of its own history in the form of, among others, portraits of prominent figures of the past.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5951
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Gkoumas

Hyperloop is a proposed very high-speed ground transportation system for both passenger and freight that has the potential to be revolutionary, and which has attracted much attention in the last few years. The concept was introduced in its modern form relatively recently, yet substantial progress has been made in the past years, with research and development taking place globally, from several Hyperloop companies and academics. This study examined the status of Hyperloop development and identified issues and challenges by means of a systematic review that analyzed 157 documents from the Scopus database on Hyperloop since 2014. Following that, a taxonomy of topics from scientific research was built under different physical and operational clusters. The findings could be of help to transportation academics and professionals who are interested in the developments in the field, and form the basis for policy decisions for the future implementation of Hyperloop.


2021 ◽  
pp. 371-384
Author(s):  
M. N. Osmanova

The article is devoted to the study of the content of extra-textual records — marginals — in the margins of handwritten Qurans, recorded by Dagestan oriental scholars at different times while working with written monuments in private and mosque book collections of highland Dagestan. It was established that most of the discovered marginals were made in Arabic, however, since the beginning of the 18th century, such records were often kept in local languages using Arabic script. It is shown that the Quran, due to its sacred functions, became a repository of the most important documents of various nature. It is reported that extra-textual recordings are extremely diverse in their content, they affect many aspects of the socio-political, spiritual, economic and cultural life of the region. The experience of studying marginals over the past several decades is summarized. The author of the article draws attention to the newest findings of the Qurans made by archaeographic expeditions in 2017—2019 in private book collections in the Shamil region of the Republic of Dagestan. It is emphasized that an analysis of their thematic composition and a scientific description of the manuscripts stored in them will give an idea of some aspects of the social, cultural and religious life of the peoples of Dagestan.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Günil Özlem Ayaydin-Cebe

Abstract This article analyses identity construction in İstiklal Marşi (“Independence March”), the national anthem of the Republic of Turkey, within the theoretical framework of Eurocentric nation-state rhetoric. It argues that the continuing success of the text, written by Mehmet Akif [Ersoy] in 1921, is independent of the ideological stand of its author, and lies instead in its conveyance of a modern nation-state identity. In order to demonstrate this, the article first depicts the circumstances of the adoption of the national anthem and its immediate reception in Turkey. Afterwards, it examines identity construction in the anthem and reveals that the war against European forces determined the self-perception of the nation by both the negation and mirroring of the other. It concludes that, by foregrounding certain elements such as l’esprit frondeur and faith, and by interpreting the convention of Ottoman Divan poetry, the poet infused the cultural and aesthetic legacy of the past into the future needs of a nation-state.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-304
Author(s):  
Lamija Hatibović ◽  
◽  
Amer Maslo ◽  

This article presents papers on the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina published in the most prestigious historiographical journals in the Republic of Turkey in the period from 2010 to 2020. The first part of the paper explains the criteria for which the authors decided on the journals Belleten, Tarih Dergisi, Osmanlı Araştırmaları, Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi - OTAM. Special attention is given to the works of Bosnian authors published in these journals. In the period from 2010 to 2020, six Bosnian authors published their works in these publications. Two papers were published by Kerima Filan (papers published in Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi - OTAM and Osmanlı Araştırmaları), while one paper was published by Hatidža Čar-Drnda (in Belleten journal) and Adnan Ararić (in Tarr journal Osmanş Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi - OTAM), Sabaheta Gačanin (in Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi), Fahd Kasumović (in Belleten jounal) and Aladin Husić (in Belleten journal). Attention is also paid to the works of foreign authors in which the research focus is on Bosnia and Herzegovina. Six papers published in the Bulletin are presented in more detail, by Zafer Gölen, Hüsnü Demircan, Uğur Ünal, Tufan Turan, then two papers published in Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi - OTAM, by Ayşa Zişan Furat and Kurana published in Osmanlı Araştırmaları by Fatma Sel Turhan. Compared to Bosnian authors, Turkish historians of the Ottoman period have a greater interest in studying the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 19th century, so most of the presented works deal with the events of that century. The authors pointed out the importance, but also certain shortcomings, of the works of Turkish historians. The last part of the paper is dedicated to the analysis of citations of Bosnian authors in the analyzed journals and papers. Papers in Turkish and other researchers rarely cite papers in South Slavic languages, while a large number of cited papers are by Bosnian authors who have published their papers in Turkish or English. Among the cited authors we find, among others, Ahmed Aličić, Hamdija Kreševljaković, Hatidža Čar-Drnd, Smail Čekić, Fikret Karčić, Avdo Sućeska, Nedim Filipović and Hazim Šabanović. The paper also mentions In Memoriam on the occasion of the death of Ahmed Aličić, published in the 37th issue of the journal Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi (OTAM), and several reviews of books prepared or written by Bosnian authors. A selective bibliography of papers, divided into two parts, was offered as a contribution to the paper. The first part lists the works that relate in whole or in part to the past of Bosnia and Herzegovina. These are 15 works by authors from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey and Croatia, and one In Memoriam, which is written in more detail in the main part of the text. The second part of the selective bibliography lists 24 works whose content is partly related to the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Among the authors of these works are world-renowned historians such as Linda T. Darling and Feridun Emecena, but also authors from neighboring countries Dragana Amedoski and Marijan Premović.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-554
Author(s):  
Vladimir Alekseevich Avatkov

The paper explores the role and peculiarities of the populism in the modern foreign policy of the Republic of Turkey. Populism became especially popular in Turkeys foreign policy discourse when the Justice and Development Party came to power in 2002 and R.T. Erdoğan as President in 2014. Special attention is paid to R.T. Erdoğans populist statements made in the context of the key foreign policy ideologies - Neo-Ottomanism, Neo-Panturkism and Islamism. The propaganda of Neo-Ottoman ideas is aimed at restoring Turkey to its former Imperial greatness. The ultimate goal of Turkeys populism in Turkic states is to form a new Turkish-centric subsystem of international relations - the Turkic world. Turkeys Islamic populism within the country is primarily aimed at the conservative part of the population and at the world Islamic community on the international arena. The main task of such populism is the gradual abandonment of the principles of M.K. Ataturk and the secularism, as well as the formation of public opinion that Ankara is the center of the Islamic world. The author comes to the conclusion that Turkeys populism is quite effective and assists the ruling elite in achieving its foreign policy goals. In many ways, the success of Turkeys populism depends on the competent policy of its implementation by R.T. Erdoğan - a classic example of an Eastern politician with a charismatic type of leadership. However, the situation may change significantly in case of the power change in Turkey, emergence of a new leader and, consequently, new populist mechanisms.


1973 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Noordin Sopiee

A Formidable consensus of academic opinion exists on the question of the formation of Malaysia. In its most commonly stated form, this consensus is manifested in an explanation which specifies a date—27 May 1961—and sees Malaysia as the outcome of the attempt to solve the ‘Singapore Problem’. The movement towards Malaysia is, with dull regularity, dated from the Tunku's almost casual, certainly very vague, reference to the need for a ‘closer understanding’ between Singapore, British North Borneo (Sabah), Brunei, and Sarawak, and for ‘a plan whereby these territories can be brought closer together in a political and economic association’ which he made in the course of a speech to the Foreign Correspondents’ Association of South-east Asia on 27 May 1961. The Tunku's initiative arose, it is almost invariably argued, from the fear of future events in Singapore. Since the Republicwould in all probability be granted a separate independence by 1963,the British would no longer be in a position to control the island's internal security, defence and foreign relations. The Federation would be deprived of the Internal Security Council through which it had had (in conjunction with the British) direct control over Singapore's internal Malaya viewpoint if an amenable Singapore government could be guaranteed. By May 1961, however, the opposite appeared imminent. There were indications that the PAP was rapidly losing ground. In the Hong Lim by-election held in late April, its candidate was severely trounced. This, combined with the knowledge that no government had in the past managed to win more than one term of office, and full aware-ness of the seemingly perpetual leftward movement of Singapore politics, ness of the seemingly perpetual leftward movement of Singapore politics, created the impression in Kuala Lumpur that unless something was done, the Republic would become a second Cuba threatening the security of the Federation. The Tunku was convinced, so the argument goes, that the Federation had to ensure control over Singapore's internal security. A reversal of his previous stand on merger was, therefore, necessary. This explanation may be referred to as the security theory on the formation of Malaysia. It has a corollary: having decided that the incorporation of Singapore was necessary, the Tunku had to find a racial counter-balance to the island's Chinese population; the Borneo territories had to be included because it was essential that Singapore be territories had to be included because it was essential that Singapore be brought into the Federation of Malaya. Malaysia was thus the logicalsolution to the Singapore Problem. Among those who have propounded the security theory are Willard Hanna, Arnold Brackman, Gordon Means, George Me. T. Kahin, James Gould, Milton Osborne, Tan Koh Chiang, J. M. Gullick, Emily Sadka, Sir Richard Allen and Justus Van der Kroef.


Author(s):  
VICTOR BURLACHUK

At the end of the twentieth century, questions of a secondary nature suddenly became topical: what do we remember and who owns the memory? Memory as one of the mental characteristics of an individual’s activity is complemented by the concept of collective memory, which requires a different method of analysis than the activity of a separate individual. In the 1970s, a situation arose that gave rise to the so-called "historical politics" or "memory politics." If philosophical studies of memory problems of the 30’s and 40’s of the twentieth century were focused mainly on the peculiarities of perception of the past in the individual and collective consciousness and did not go beyond scientific discussions, then half a century later the situation has changed dramatically. The problem of memory has found its political sound: historians and sociologists, politicians and representatives of the media have entered the discourse on memory. Modern society, including all social, ethnic and family groups, has undergone a profound change in the traditional attitude towards the past, which has been associated with changes in the structure of government. In connection with the discrediting of the Soviet Union, the rapid decline of the Communist Party and its ideology, there was a collapse of Marxism, which provided for a certain model of time and history. The end of the revolutionary idea, a powerful vector that indicated the direction of historical time into the future, inevitably led to a rapid change in perception of the past. Three models of the future, which, according to Pierre Nora, defined the face of the past (the future as a restoration of the past, the future as progress and the future as a revolution) that existed until recently, have now lost their relevance. Today, absolute uncertainty hangs over the future. The inability to predict the future poses certain challenges to the present. The end of any teleology of history imposes on the present a debt of memory. Features of the life of memory, the specifics of its state and functioning directly affect the state of identity, both personal and collective. Distortion of memory, its incorrect work, and its ideological manipulation can give rise to an identity crisis. The memorial phenomenon is a certain political resource in a situation of severe socio-political breaks and changes. In the conditions of the economic crisis and in the absence of a real and clear program for future development, the state often seeks to turn memory into the main element of national consolidation.


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