scholarly journals ULAMA DAN ULEE BALANG: POTRET REVOLUSI SOSIAL DI ACEH TAHUN 1945-1946

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Heryati
Keyword(s):  
Social Revolution ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

 This study entitled " Ulama and Ulee Balang: Portrait of a social revolution in Aceh in 1945-1946". In this study the authors used historical method. The historical method is the process of critically examine and analyze the records and relics of the past to find the fact that strong. The purpose of this research is to investigate the activities of the Acehnese struggle in defense of the proclamation of independence, and to determine the background Cumbok Incidence marked so that it becomes a social revolution in Aceh. With the re- establishment of unity between the Ulee Balang and the Ulama in Aceh, can expel the occupation and can occupy positions in government. This is a new milestone in the history of the founding of the Republic of Indonesia, apart from any occupation or any form of bond arising from foreign colonialism in Indonesia. 

RUNTUHNYA KHILAFAH TURKI UTSMANI 3 MARET 1924

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftahul Jannah
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tulisan dalam jurnal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses runtuhnya Khilafah Turki Ustmani tanggal 3 maret 1924 dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan umat Islam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah. Metode sejarah adalah prosedur sejarawan Untuk melukiskan kisah masa lampau berdasarkan jejak-jejak yang ditinggalkan pada masa lampau dengan langkah-langkah penulisan sejarah sebagai berikut: (1) heuristik, (2) kritik, (3) interpretasi dan (4) historiografi. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa: Khilafah Turki Ustmani dihancurkan dengan cara menghapus sistem kekhilafahan dan menggantinya dengan sistem republik oleh seorang keturunan yahudi yaitu Mustafa Kemal Attatur. Selama 14 abad kaum muslimin hidup dalam pemerintahan Islam yang mana diterapkan hukum-hukum Islam dalam seluruh aspek kehidupan. Namun sayangnya hari itu tepatnya 3 maret 1924 secara resmi dengan bantuan Inggris, Mustafa Kemal Attaturk mengubah khilafah dengan sistem Repulik Turki dan sampai hari ini sistem tersebut masih berjalan. Runtuhnya khilafah menyebabkan munculnya persoalan kaum muslimin mulai dari kolonialisme, konflik di Negara dunia ketiga, persoalan ekonomi,politik dan sosial budaya.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> Khilafah Turki Ustmani, 3 maret 1924</p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The writing in this journal aims to find out the process of the collapse of the Ottoman Caliphate on March 3, 1924 and its impact on the lives of Muslims. The method used in this study is the historical method. Historical method is the procedure of historians to describe the story of the past based on traces left in the past by the steps of historical writing as follows: (1) heuristics, (2) criticism, (3) interpretation and (4) historiography.</em></p><p><em>Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that: the Ottoman Caliphate was destroyed by removing the Caliphate system and replacing it with a republic system by a descendant of the Jews namely Mustafa Kemal Attatur. For 14 centuries the Muslims lived in an Islamic government which applied Islamic laws in all aspects of life. But unfortunately that day to be exact 3 March 1924 officially with the help of Britain, Mustafa Kemal Attaturk changed the Caliphate with the system of the Republic of Turkey and to this day the system is still running. The collapse of the Caliphate caused the emergence of problems of the Muslims ranging from colonialism, conflict in third world countries, economic, political and socio-cultural issues</em><em>.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> the Caliphate of Turkish Ottoman, March 3, 1924</em>

The Constitutional Crisis in Austria

1930 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-157
Author(s):  
Malbone W. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
Party Organization ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parliamentary Supremacy ◽  
The Government

Constitutionalism, in Austria, is not a new slogan. It was a phrase to conjure with during the entire lifetime of Francis Joseph, though in practice the whole history of the country down to the revolution of 1918 was its virtual negation. Only in the latter days of the monarchy, when the scepter passed from the hands of Francis Joseph to the inexperienced young emperor Karl, was a modicum of popular expression allowed to supplant the personal autocracy of the sovereign. The old Austria passed out of existence in 1918 without the successful implantation of a régime of liberal legality in any of its parts.The young Austrian Republic, coming into existence in the hour of the Empire's dissolution, thus inherited a legacy of unconstitutional government, and only the solidity of socialist and clerical party organization, bred of the stress and strain of clashing conceptions of the social order, gave support to the government in the days when social revolution swept almost to the doors of Vienna. It was under such circumstances that Austria entered, in 1918, upon the way of constitutionalism and sought, through her provisional instruments of government, to avoid the autocratic excesses of the past and avert the impending perils of a proletarian dictatorship.In a series of revolutionary pronouncements and decisions of her provisional assembly, she discarded, under socialist leadership, the arbitrary régime attendant on the monarchy, and, establishing a unitary democratic republic with far-reaching local self-government as a stepping-stone toward union with Germany, inaugurated a régime of unquestioned parliamentary supremacy, strict ministerial responsibility, virtual executive impotence, and extensive socialization.

A Separate Moldovan Language? The Sociolinguistics of Moldova'sLimba de Stat

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Ciscel
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Language Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Language And Power ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Soviet Russia

The politics of language identity have figured heavily in the history of the people of the Republic of Moldova. Indeed the region's status as a province of Russia, Romania, and then the Soviet Union over the past 200 years has consistently been justified and, at least partially, manipulated on the basis of language issues. At the center of these struggles over language and power has been the linguistic and cultural identity of the region's autochthonous ethnicity and current demographic majority, the Moldovans. In dispute is the degree to which these Moldovans are culturally, historically, and linguistically related to the other Moldovans and Romanians across the Prut River in Romania. Under imperial Russia from 1812 to 1918 and Soviet Russia from 1944 to 1991, a proto-Moldovan identity that eschewed connections to Romania and emphasized contact with Slavic peoples was promoted in the region. Meanwhile, experts from Romania and the West have regularly argued that the eastern Moldovans are indistinguishable, historically, culturally, and linguistically, from their Romanian cousins.

scholarly journals HISTORI PEMBERLAKUAN PERADILAN AGAMA ERA KERAJAAN ISLAM DAN PENJAJAHAN DI INDONESIA

Al-Qadha ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Faisal
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
First Time ◽  
Religious Courts

The journey of the Religious Courts that has been passed in such a long period oftime means that we are talking about the past, namely the history of the Religious Courts.With the entry of Islam into Indonesia, which for the first time in the first century Hijri (1 H /7 AD) brought directly from Arabia by merchants from Mecca and Medina, the communitybegan to implement the teachings and rules of Islamic religion in everyday life. The ReligiousCourt is one of the Special Courts under the authority of the Supreme Court as the highestcourt in the Republic of Indonesia. As an Islamic Judiciary that had been established longbefore Indonesia's independence, the Religious Courts certainly could not be separated fromthe changes that occurred considering the reign of the Government of Indonesia had been heldby various people with different backgrounds, politics and goals, surely it would have animpact on the existence Religious Courts both materially and immaterially, including duringthe Dutch and Japanese colonial rule in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Internalization strategy of conscious awareness of spices lane as national brand and national pride of Indonesian nation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 337-350
Author(s):  
Budiana Setiawan ◽  
Ferdi Widiputera
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Government ◽  
National Brand ◽  
National Pride ◽  
The Past ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
History Of ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Trade Route

The archipelago (now Indonesia) in the past was known as the center of the spice commodity, which was needed for various purposes by other nations, such as: China, India, the Middle East, and Europe. This has caused the archipelago to become a destination for traders from other countries for thousands of years, thus creating a trade route called the Spice Route. The glory of the Spice Route in the Archipelago reached its peak in 1500 until 1650, but then collapsed after being ruled by European nations. Nevertheless, the existence of the history of the Spice Track needs to be internalized to students as one of the nation's branding and nation pride of the Indonesian people. The problems are: (1) What is the strategy of internalizing the teaching of the Spice Path to students? (2) What are the efforts made by the government, to support efforts to internalize the historical awareness of the Spice Track? The aim is to instill awareness to the younger generation about the glory of the Indonesian people in the past as a producer of spices. The results showed that the strategy undertaken by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia to internalize the history of the Spice Track to the younger generation was through: exhibitions, historical visits, and discussions / seminars. However, the internalization effort has not been evenly carried out in all provinces, districts and cities. To that end, internalization of the history of the Spice Route can also be done through museum visits, especially provincial state museums located in provincial capitals. Awareness about the history of the Spice Route can also be used to break the efforts of the Chinese government to promote the Maritime Silk Road for their political trade interests.  

scholarly journals MIGRASI DAN JARINGAN EKONOMI SUKU BUGIS DI WILAYAH TANAH BUMBU, KERESIDENAN BORNEO BAGIAN SELATAN DAN TIMUR, 1930-1942

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Mansyur Mansyur
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Marine Transportation ◽  
Business People ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plantation Crops ◽  
Economic Motives

The Bugis migration to Tanah Bumbu, Afdeeling Pasir en de Tanah Boemboe, Residentie Borneo’s Zuid en Oosterafdeeling continued until the early decades of the 20th century, especially in 1930-1942. It was indirectly indicates how strong economic motives of the Bugis. In an effort to survive in the midst of economic depression or malaise, Bugis migrants "creates" economic adaptation strategy to establish a network of fisheries Ponggawa (skipper) Bugis in the early 1930's. Most migrant Bugis also tried farmer (bahuma) for copra and coconut planting. Plantation crops are suitable and almost the same as plantation crops in South Sulawesi. In addition, in the field of marine migrant boat Bugis also developed business people to serve the marine transportation. This study uses the history of the historical method, which is a method to test and analyze critically the recording and relics of the past. The historical method comprises step heuristics, criticism of sources (external and internal), interpretation and historiography.

KonnurokusΣm: Kinship and Family in the History of the Oyoko KɔKɔɔ Dynasty of Kumase

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. McCaskie
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
West African ◽  
Interpersonal Dynamics ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Affective Dimensions

This paper is concerned with a vitally significant – but hitherto largely unrecovered – feature of the pre-colonial African past. Historians of Africa commonly pay conventional lip service to the idea that the structural and affective dimensions of kinship are of great, and even shaping, importance in the past of many of the societies that they study. However, such acknowledgements remain in the realm of generalization, and hardly any scholarship exists that seeks to historicize kinship in any detail. This paper tries to redress this situation. It goes beyond synchronic ethnographic commonplaces, and offers a historically documented analysis and interpretation of the operation of kinship within a specific pre-colonial context.The subject matter is the West African forest kingdom of Asante (Ashanti), now located within the Republic of Ghana. In specific terms, the paper addresses the structural characteristics and the interpersonal dynamics of kinship within the history of the Kumase Oyoko KɔKɔɔ abusua (the ruling dynasty of Asante) between, very broadly, the 1760s and the 1880s. The discussion is centred on the evolving history of relations between individuals – most centrally the Asantehene Kwaku Dua Panin and the Asantehemaa Afua Sapon – within a particular ɔyafunu koro (uterine group or stirp; ‘family’) that was a componential part of the royal dynasty. The core of the paper is an analytic reading of the konnurokusΣm, a complex dynastic conflict that involved the individuals named and that occurred in the 1850s.In sum, this paper argues that the reconstruction and analysis of the field of kinship relations within African societies – such as the example of pre-colonial Asante discussed here – places an extremely important, if hitherto neglected, tool in the hands of historians. The interpretation of events, the understanding of actions and motives, and the overall deepening of comprehension are all enriched by the use of this tool. The enrichment thereby attained – it is argued – pays appropriate and overdue attention to specifically indigenous readings of the Asante (and African) past.

Het portret van Jacobus Hendriksz. Zaffius door Frans Hals

1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Pieter J.J. Van Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genealogical Data ◽  
Family Connections ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe bust of Jacobus Zaffius (figs. 1 and 2) in Haarlem's Frans Hals Museum was discovered in 1919. Since that time it has been regarded as a fragment of a large portrait of Zaffius painted by Hals in 1611 and believed to be lost. Jan van de Velde made a print of the missing portrait in 1630 (fig. 3). Recently it emerged that the panel on which the bust is painted is bevelled all round, and that the ground and paint continue over the edges. This means that it cannot be a fragment. The theory that Hals himself painted the copy is untenable. The weak design and indifferent pictorial quality suggest that the painting is a contemporary anonymous copy. An attempt to identify the companion portraits of a man and a woman in Birmingham and Chatsworth (figs. 4 and 5), variously dated as 1610/11 and 1617/18, with a view to establishing their true dates, has failed. It was hoped that if discovered to have been painted in or around 1611, they might have served as material for a stylistic comparison. The investigation yielded only a few supplementary heraldic (fig. 6) and genealogical data. Research in the Haarlem municipal archives uncovered new information pertaining to Zaffius' financial capital and family connections. As archdeacon of the diocese of Haarlem and provost of the Haarlem chapter, Jacobus Hendriksz. Zaffius (Amsterdam 1534-1618 Haarlem) experienced the turbulent history of the Dutch Catholic church during the birth of the Republic. Towards the end of his life he added a few houses to a recently founded bofje of almshouses (fig. 9). Van de Velde's print was made in 1630, when Catholicism had established itself in the Dutch archdiocese and embarked on the documentation of its own history in the form of, among others, portraits of prominent figures of the past.

scholarly journals Marketing, the past and corporate heritage

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. T. Balmer ◽  
Mario Burghausen
Keyword(s):  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Corporate Heritage ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Temporal Agency ◽  
Marketing Approach

We argue for a more expansive conceptualization of the past’s relevance in, and for, marketing. Such a differentiated approach to the past is pregnant with possibilities in terms of advancing scholarship apropos temporal agency in marketing along with consumption practices. Symptomatic of this perspective is the increased mindfulness of the rich palate of past-related concepts. Significantly, the corporate heritage notion – because of its omnitemporal nature – represents a distinct and meaningful vector on the past by coalescing the past, present and future into a new type of temporality. As such, the authors reason this expansive conceptualization of ‘the past-in-marketing’ is both timely and efficacious. While sensitive of the importance of the historical method in marketing and the history of marketing scholarship and practice per se, this broader marketing approach to and of the past highlights the ideational and material manifestations of the past-in-the-present and an envisaged past-in-the-future.

scholarly journals The Centrality of Customary Law in the Judicial Resolution of Disputes that Emanate from it – Dalisile v Mgoduka (5056/2018) [2018] ZAECMHC

Obiter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nomthandazo Ntlama
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Case Note ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Case Discussion ◽  
High Court ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

The recent judgment by the Mthatha High Court in Dalisile v Mgoduka ((5056/2018) [2018] ZAECMHC (Dalisile)) has elicited much jubilation over the permeation of customary-law principles into the judicial resolution of disputes that emanate from a customary-law context. The judgment comes at a time when common-law principles appear to have infiltrated the resolution of disputes that originate from customary law. This case paves the way and provides a foundation for the resolution of customary-law disputes within their own context. It reinforces arguments that have long been canvassed to constitutionalise customary law within its own framework. It endorses the envisioned commitment to translate into reality the “healing of the divisions of the past” as envisaged in the preamble of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996. Section 211(3) of the Constitution is distinct and prescriptive on the obligations of the courts relating to the application of customary law. Section 211(3) is in the context of pursuing the advancement of a constitutionalised system of customary law that seeks to equate the applicable laws of the Republic.This case has filled a lacuna in the application and interpretation of customary law, which has been clouded by the prism of common law. The gap was acknowledged by the court in Alexkor Ltd v Richtersveld Community (2003 (12) BLCR 1301 (CC). In Alexkor, customary law was affirmed as an independent and legitimate source of law that is empowered to regulate its own affairs within the framework of the Constitution. It does not have to be legitimised and validated by common-law principles in addition to the Constitution.Resolving disputes arising from customary law has been a great cause for concern. The courts have delivered many disappointing judgments in the area of resolving customary-law disputes. These judgments appear to lean towards importing common-law principles into the resolution of disputes that arise from the system of customary law. This case note does not intend to discuss these judgments in any depth as they have been dealt with elsewhere.It is thus not the purpose of this case discussion to delve into the history of customary law. Its intended focus is limited to the significant stride made by the court in Dalisile in uprooting the dominance of the application of common-law principles in the resolution of disputes that arise from the system of customary law. The objective is to generate debate on the contribution that the judgment makes to the incorporation of Africanised principles into the broader constitutional framework of the jurisprudence of our courts. The note argues that it is the Constitution that is the dominant authority over all the legal systems that are applicable in the Republic, including customary law.

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