Predictive Value of Maternal Anemia in Cases of Fetal Growth Restriction

Anemia can be defined as a state of inadequate O2 delivery to tissues due to reduction of the O2 carrying capacity of blood practically, anemia is diagnosed when there is reduction in the hemoglobin concentration or haematocrit level below normal values. Iron deficiency anemia is a major public health problem among women of reproductive age in most of developing countries approximately 50% of pregnant women and 35% of non pregnant women are anemic. These nutritional disorders, has profound negative effects on pregnancy outcome, health of mothers and babies. The objective of this study: Is to evaluate the maternal anemia during pregnancy as a risk factor for fetal growth restriction. The study was done this study conducted on 120 pregnant women. Pregnant women with inclusion criteria: Singleton pregnancy, Gestational age more than 28 week and Hb level less than 10mg/dl. We exclude multiple pregnancy, Gestational age less than 28 week, Hb level more than 10 mg/dl and other medical disorder with pregnancy. The results of this study reveal the following: There was significant difference between group 1, 2, 3, 4 as regard to Hb level, (PCV), (MCV), (MCH), (MCHC), (Ht) and (CBC). The restriction of fatal growth was significant lower in sever anemic patient rather than mild or moderate anemic patient In conclusions: The result of this study shows that there was restriction of fatal growth was significantly high in sever anemic group than mild or moderate group also, incidence of low birth weight and risk of fatal morbidity or mortality was significantly high in sever anemic group than mild or moderate group.

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Significance of pregnancy-associated plasma protein a (PAPP-a) concentration determination in the assessment of final outcome of pregnancy

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp110530023l ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 46-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dragan Loncar ◽

Mirjana Varjacic ◽

Slobodan Arsenijevic

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Plasma Protein ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Fetal Growth Restriction ◽

Protein A ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Control Group ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference

Background/Aim. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is high molecular matrix metalloproteinase originally isolated in the serum of pregnant women. The aim of this study was to analyze the values of concentration of PAPP-A in assessment of progress and outcome of pregnancy in pregnant women diagnosed with threatening preterm delivery, preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction in relation to physiological pregnancy of the same gestational age. Methods. The study included 60 pregnant women that were divided into three groups according to gestational age and the diagnosis of imminent premature birth upon reception, preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction as follows: the group I from 28 to 32 weeks of gestation, a total of 25 pregnant women, the group II from 33 to 36 weeks of gestation, a total of 23 pregnant women, and the group III from 37 to 41 weeks of gestation, a total of 12 pregnant women. The control group consisted of 60 pregnant women without complications of pregnancy that were identically divided into three groups according to gestational age as in the sample. We performed quantitative determination of PAPP-A from the venous blood of patients by using commercial tests of the company Diagnostics Product Corporation (DPC), Los Angeles, California, USA. Results. There was a statistically significant difference in PAPP-A values in the examined groups in all gestational ages (p < 0.01). The value of the PAPP-A concentration in different gestational ages with equal statistical significance indicated the possibility of complications, which was examined during pregnancy in relation to the control group of pregnant women with physiological pregnancies. This study confirmed that there was a statistically significant difference in fetal body weight at birth (p < 0.05), Apgar score in 5 min after birth (p < 0.05), and gestational age at birth (p < 0.05), as parameters of the outcome of pregnancy course, between the examined groups of pregnant women in relation to the value of PAPP-A concentration. The age of pregnant women was not statistically different in the examined groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion. Differences in PAPP-A concentration should point out to the obstetrician the need for more intensive antepartum fetal surveillance in order to increase the chances of favorable perinatal outcome, regardless gestational age.

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Can Inflammatory Hematological Parameters be a Guide to Late-onset Fetal Growth Restriction?

Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie ◽

10.1055/a-1177-1516 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Demet Aydogan kırmızı ◽

Emre Baser ◽

Taylan Onat ◽

Melike Demir Caltekin ◽

Mustafa Kara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Fetal Growth Restriction ◽

Late Onset ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Control Group ◽

Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Purpose To compare the rates obtained from hematological parameters in cases of late-onset idiopathic fetal growth restriction (FGR) with healthy pregnancies and to evaluate the effect on neonatal outcomes. Methods The study group consisted of 63 pregnant women with late-onset idiopathic FGR and the control group consisted of 91 healthy pregnant women. The determined rates were calculated from the control hemograms of patients at 28 weeks. Both groups were compared for neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and other parameters. Results NLR, leukocyte and neutrophil levels were significantly higher in the FGR group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in PLR, platelet and lymphocyte levels between the groups (p>0.05). To predict FGR, the best cut-off value of NLR was determined to be 4.11 with 56% sensitivity and 88% specificity values. Conclusion Neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet interactions have an important role in FGR development. Inflammation can be involved in the etiopathogenesis in late-onset FGR.

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Correlation between Severity of Fetal Growth Restriction and Oxidative Stress in Severe Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182010726 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (20) ◽

pp. 10726

Author(s):

Mariko Ashina ◽

Takumi Kido ◽

Yuki Kyono ◽

Asumi Yoshida ◽

Shutaro Suga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Fetal Growth Restriction ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Stress Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Z Score ◽

Significant Difference

Severe small-for-gestational-age (sSGA) infants exhibit increased mortality and morbidity. Oxidative stress is suggested to be involved in intrauterine growth restriction. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress level at birth in an sSGA population. Sera of 28 sSGA (sSGA group) and 31 non-sSGA (control group) infants, born at our hospital between March 2017 and March 2020, were evaluated. Oxidative stress (derivative of reactive oxidative metabolites: d-ROM level), biological antioxidant potential (BAP) level, and the ratio of d-ROM/BAP level (oxidative stress index: OSI) were measured. The sSGA group had a significantly lower birth weight (BW), BW z-score, head circumference, and height than the control group (all p < 0.05). No significant difference was noted in the BAP level; sSGA infants exhibited a significantly higher d-ROM level than control infants. sSGA infants showed a significantly increased OSI compared with control infants, and the BW z-score was inversely correlated with d-ROM levels and OSI in sSGA infants (R2 = 0.300; p < 0.01 and R2 = 0.319; p = 0.02, respectively) but not in controls. In conclusion, sSGA infants, including preterm infants, exhibited higher oxidative stress at birth. The severity of fetal growth restriction was significantly correlated with oxidative stress levels at birth in sSGA infants.

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P13.01: Hemodynamic pattern of ophthalmic artery in pregnant women with appropriate-for-gestational-age fetuses and fetal growth restriction: Doppler study

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1002/uog.14231 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (S1) ◽

pp. 253-254

Author(s):

N.B. Melo ◽

A.L. Diniz ◽

T.M. Helfer ◽

A.P. Zamarian ◽

A.R. Caetano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Fetal Growth Restriction ◽

Ophthalmic Artery ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Hemodynamic Pattern ◽

Doppler Study ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age

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FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION WITH EARLY AND LATE MANIFESTATION, PROGNOSTIC MARKERS

Global problems of modernity ◽

10.26787/nydha-2713-2048-2020-1-10-11-12-27-30 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 27-30

Author(s):

Yakubova D.I.

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Fetal Growth Restriction ◽

Prenatal Screening ◽

Prognostic Markers ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Late Manifestation ◽

Late Form ◽

Early Manifestation

Objective of the study: Comprehensive assessment of risk factors, the implementation of which leads to FGR with early and late manifestation. To evaluate the results of the first prenatal screening: PAPP-A, B-hCG, made at 11-13 weeks. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study included 110 pregnant women. There were 48 pregnant women with early manifestation of fetal growth restriction, 62 pregnant women with late manifestation among them. Results of the study: The risk factors for the formation of the FGR are established. Statistically significant differences in the indicators between groups were not established in the analyses of structures of extragenital pathology. According to I prenatal screening, there were no statistical differences in levels (PAPP-A, b-hCG) in the early and late form of FGR.

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INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION - A REVIEW ARTICLE

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2018.6.25a ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 184-195

Author(s):

Minh Son Pham ◽

Vu Quoc Huy Nguyen ◽

Dinh Vinh Tran

Keyword(s):

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Fetal Growth Restriction ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Growth Potential ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

No Gold Standard

Small for gestational age (SGA) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) is difficult to define exactly. In this pregnancy condition, the fetus does not reach its biological growth potential as a consequence of impaired placental function, which may be because of a variety of factors. Fetuses with FGR are at risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality, and poor long-term health outcomes, such as impaired neurological and cognitive development, and cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in adulthood. At present no gold standard for the diagnosis of SGA/FGR exists. The first aim of this review is to: summarize areas of consensus and controversy between recently published national guidelines on small for gestational age or fetal growth restriction; highlight any recent evidence that should be incorporated into existing guidelines. Another aim to summary a number of interventions which are being developed or coming through to clinical trial in an attempt to improve fetal growth in placental insufficiency. Key words: fetal growth restriction (FGR), Small for gestational age (SGA)

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