scholarly journals NUMISMATIC MATERIALS FROM THE EXCAVATIONS AT THE PETER AND PAUL FORTRESS IN 2017 AND 2019 AND THEIR BEARING ON THE DATING OF THE CULTURAL LAYER

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
K. GORLOV ◽  
◽  
V. KILDYUSHEVSKY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Neva River ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Construction Works

A log-and-earth fortress on Zayachy island in the Neva River mouth was erected in 1703 by direction of Peter the Great. The building works took a short period from early May to late August. The construction of the stone fortress started in 1706. In 2017 and 2019, in the course of archaeological excavations carried out by IHMC RAS, a unique cultural layer with remains of the first log-and-earth fortress was discovered on the territory of the Menshikov bastion. Among the most important finds there are 18 coins issued by Peter I, including 14 wire kopecks, three copper quarter-kopeck pieces, and one copper half-kopeck coin. Two more coins with denomination of 1/6 öre were issued by Charles Х of Sweden (fig. 1; table). This numismatic collection is a reliable dating material, allowing to identify the constructions found in the cultural layer as the first log- and-earth fortress of Peter the Great, that became the historical core of Saint Petersburg. Worthy of note is the presence in the collection of a number of coins minted with dies made with the same punches, and the absence of coins minted in 1703. The presence of Swedish coins may be indica- tive of the participation in the construction works of captive Swedish soldiers, who could have lost the coins. At the same time it cannot be excluded that these coins were brought to Zayachy island with earth from Nyenschanz, which was used as a source of building materials.

scholarly journals From the hospital barracks to the general hospitals at the Vyborg Side

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
V O Samoilov ◽  
N V Milasheva
Keyword(s):  
General Hospitals ◽  
Military Hospitals ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of Construction ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Construction Works

For our study, we used lots of documentary materials from the collections of the Russian State Historical Archive in Saint Petersburg, documents from the funds of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts in Moscow relating to the construction of an architectural complex of buildings of the general hospitals at the Vyborg Side in the epoch of Peter the Great. All the facts of the history of construction of the general hospitals are confirmed by archival documents, including decrees and orders by Peter I on the construction of hospital buildings, contractors hiring, by official documents and protocols of the Chancellery of buildings on the non-completed construction of wattle and daub huts for hospital purposes as well as by documents on the run-away contractors, on the demolition of wattle and daub huts and transfer of buildings to Admiralty college«for use as cable sheds», about the stay of the sick and wounded in old wooden hospitals, by documents on the construction of stone buildings of the Admiralty (Marine) and Land military hospitals, the correspondence of the Chancellery of buildings with the Military and the Admiralty collegia, by contractors’ agreements, reports by D. Trezzini on the construction of wattle and daub huts (1718) and stone hospital buildings («Part of hospital buildings at the Vyborg Side…», 1720), reports by D. Trezzini on the prolonged period of construction works and other documents. The study shall be continued.

The first military hospitals in Saint Petersburg

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-266
Author(s):  
N. V. Milasheva ◽  
V. O. Samoilov
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Senior Physician ◽  
Military Hospitals ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Shortage Of Doctors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hospital Doctors

Abstract. The documentary materials from the funds of the Russian State Archive of the Navy, other archives, published letters and documents of Peter the Great, his Daily Note and other sources about the history of the first military hospitals (infirmaries) of Saint Petersburg are studied. At the same time, the history of the first military hospitals is reflected against the background of the difficult events of the Northern War of 17001721, with which the establishment of hospitals for the Russian army and the navy and the development of military medicine are inextricably linked. The organization of military medicine became aggravated immediately with the outbreak of hostilities, with the first wounded and sick. The fight against the plague epidemic and other infections during the war, the shortage of doctors, healers, infirmaries, hospitals and their own national staff greatly complicated the provision of medical care. Numerous documents and facts prove that the events before 1715 can be attributed to the first stage in the development of military medicine in Saint Petersburg. It was established that in 1704 the issue of establishing a military land hospital in the northern capital was already discussed (Peter I, A.D. Menshikov, N.L. Bidloo); hospital), and the senior physician of the Navy Yang Govi served in it with zeal In 1713, by the decree of the Great Sovereign Y. Govi, he was appointed head of the Admiralty Hospital, doctors, apprentices and medical students in it. By that time, Dr. R. Erskine actually assumed the office of archiatrist (until 1712). A detailed statement of Lieutenant General R.V. Bruce on the number of sick and wounded who received medical care in hospitals and hospitals in Saint Petersburg from 1713 to 1715. The decree of Peter I on the construction of a complex of General hospitals with anatomical theaters on the Vyborgskaya side (1715) according to Dr. Areskins drawing, and the establishment of a medical school (until 1719) are the next stage in the development of military medicine in Saint Petersburg, prepared by all previous events.

The very first experience of biological analysis of water in Saint-Petersburg

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
Nataliya B. Balashova ◽  
Grigorii A. Kiselev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Neva River ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Heavily Polluted Area ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Neva Bay

The biological method of water quality analysis, for the first time, was applied in Russia during the examination of Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea by Wislouch S.M. Neva River was a source of drinking water in St. Petersburg and, at the same time, a discharge for all city drains. As a result, it became hazardous to health, being a source of various diseases, especially cholera. From August 1911 to September 1912 pollution studies of the Bay were made to solve the question - where to send the treated waste water of the future sewage system of St. Petersburg. In total, 37 trips were made during this time, 510 samples were taken, including 375 plankton samples and 35 benthic samples. Wysłouch S. M. gave an overview of objects collected at 265 stations located in the area of Neva Bay - from estuary of Bolshaya Neva to Kronstadt, along the southern coast of the Bay and partially along the Northern coast. He brought a list of algae, including 97 species: Algae Cyanophyceae (writing all taxa retained on original source) – 17 species, Flagellata – 19 species, Peridineae – 1, One – 30, Conjugatae – 2, Diatomaceae – 28 species, Fungi (1), Bacteria (17), Protozoa (28), Rotatoria (17). Taking into account the algae and other organisms saprobity indices, areas with different degrees of contamination were identified. All the data was put on map of the Gulf. The most heavily polluted area was the Sea channel, and the area between the Lisij Nos and Kronstadt was the cleanest.

scholarly journals Drying out of woody plants at Peter the Great Botanical Garden BIN RAS (Saint Petersburg) and distribution of Phytophthora and Pythiumspecies: monitoring of 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 124-144
Author(s):  
Gennady Firsov ◽  
Vasily Yarmishko ◽  
Alexandra Volchanskaya ◽  
Elizaveta Varfolomeeva ◽  
Ekaterina Malysheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Peter The Great

scholarly journals POTTERY WORKSHOP OF MYKILSKA SLOBIDKA VILLAGE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY (based on the latest archaeological excavations)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-422
Author(s):  
A. M. Olenich ◽  
A. M. Olenich
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Village ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Different Parts

The paper introduces materials from the archaeological excavations on the territory of the village of the 16th—19th centuries Mykilska Slobidka. The village has not been subject to systemic archaeological excavations before. In 2016—2018 we carried out the investigating in different parts of the village. It was fixed that despite the modern urban development, the cultural layer was preserved in some parts of the village. Obtaining materials indicate the existence of pottery production there. The most interesting is the ceramic collection associated with the pottery complex of the beginning of the 19th century. The collection allows us to characterize the assortment of the pottery manufacturing in the Mykilska Slobidka village in the first half of the 19th century. Among the typical products of the workshops were pots decorated with white and red engobe painting, jugs, bowls, lids, mugs, flowerpots, bricks and probably tiles etc. It is interesting that there are no pottery clay deposits in the vicinity of the village. So it is possibly the clay was brought from other villages, may be on the other (right) bank of the Dnieper River.

Redescription of four species of Spio and Microspio (Polychaeta, Spionidae) from the Kuril Islands and Peter the Great Bay, northwest Pacific

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2968 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREAS BICK ◽  
KARIN MEIßNER
Keyword(s):  
Peter The Great Bay ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Northwest Pacific Ocean ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Shallow Subtidal ◽  
The Northwest Pacific Ocean ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The type material and additional specimens deposited in the collections of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, of four poorly known species of Microspio and Spio, M. kussakini Chlebovitsch, 1959, S. kurilensis Buzhinskaya, 1990 comb. nov., S. picta Zachs, 1933 and S. unidentata Chlebovitsch, 1959, were examined. All species occur in intertidal or shallow subtidal areas of the northwest Pacific Ocean. Previously available taxonomic information on these species was from brief original descriptions and very few additional publications. A redescription of these four species is presented including detailed descriptions and illustrations of morphological characters. Comments on the taxonomic status are added. Diagnostic characters of Microspio and Spio species are discussed.

A Study on the Deduction of Major Construction Wastes in Construction Phase through Environmental Impact Assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 1070-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakh Yun Kim ◽  
Sung Ho Tae ◽  
Seung Jun Roh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Acidification Potential ◽  
Abiotic Depletion Potential ◽  
Construction Works ◽  
Depletion Potential

The purpose of this study was to deduce the major construction wastes to be managed using environmental impact assessment for construction wastes generated in the construction phase. To accomplish this, the amount of construction waste discharged in the construction phase was analyzed using loss rate and weight conversion factor in the Standard of Estimate for Construction Works. Based on the result of construction waste generation deduced, major construction wastes were extracted with consideration on 6 comprehensive environmental impacts including potential, abiotic depletion potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone depletion potential, and photochemical ozone creation potential. As a result, 5 major building materials such as concrete, concrete block, rebar, cement and polystyrene panel were deduced as major cpmstruction wastes in construction phase.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dynamic Methods for Earthwork Assessment

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Vlček ◽  
Dominika Ďureková ◽  
Katarína Zgútová
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Dynamic Methods ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Parallel Measurements ◽  
Construction Works

Abstract Rapid development of road construction imposes requests on fast and quality methods for earthwork quality evaluation. Dynamic methods are now adopted in numerous civil engineering sections. Especially evaluation of the earthwork quality can be sped up using dynamic equipment. This paper presents the results of the parallel measurements of chosen devices for determining the level of compaction of soils. Measurements were used to develop the correlations between values obtained from various apparatuses. Correlations show that examined apparatuses are suitable for examination of compaction level of fine-grained soils with consideration of boundary conditions of used equipment. Presented methods are quick and results can be obtained immediately after measurement, and they are thus suitable in cases when construction works have to be performed in a short period of time.

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