scholarly journals Horses and ancient people: zooarchaeological investigation of Muhkai 2a

2018 ◽  
Vol 322 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Sablin ◽  
N.D. Burova ◽  
E.A. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Special Interest ◽  
Natural Death ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Cut Marks ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Ancient People ◽  
Layer 2 ◽  
Bone Accumulation

The paper presents zooarchaeological analysis of the remains of Stenon horse Equus (Allohippus) stenonis from the site Muhkai 2a (layer 2), Central Dagestan, Russia. They are of special interest because of their large number and can testify to one of the first visits of an ancient man in the North Caucasus – about 1.95 million years ago. As a result of the comparison of the composition and ratio of the Stenon horse bones, their taphonomic features, showed that the site is the result of natural death of the animals. It is assumed that the bulk of the bones were laid in the deposits of a once shallow, periodically drying out and strongly silted reservoir with weakly flowing or standing water. After complete drying of the reservoir, the paleontological material was sealed in a clay mass, which in turn was buried during further geological processes. Based on this, we suggest a possible scenario for the formation of the bone accumulation. Most likely, it was a watering place for various animals, where some of them perished for natural reasons, for example, they got bogged down, drowned, and someone of them became prey for predators. Later, there was a burial of whole corpses, or parts thereof, transported to the pond. Obviously, the bodies of recently dead animals could not help attracting an ancient man, being an easily accessible source of protein food. The presence of artifacts and cut marks on the femur of Stenon horse indicate the presence of an ancient man in Muhkai 2a (layer 2), but the human activity seems to have played a minimal role in the taphocenosis forming.

THE ROLE OF TECHNOGENIC IMPACT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DANGEROUS GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE MOUNTAIN REGIONS OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-450
Author(s):  
Irina Malneva ◽  
Nina Kononova ◽  
Muhtar Hadzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Technogenic Impact ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Operational Forecasts

The article presents an assessment of technogenic impact on the development of hazardous geological processes in the mountainous regions of the Northern Caucasus in the current century. Technogenic impact is determined by the stability of rock formations that make up the Krasnodar Territory, Kabardino-Balkaria, and North Ossetia relative to the impacts of other forces. It is also noted that the activity of hazardous geological processes is largely determined by the interaction of climatic conditions, which determine their speed, and technogenesis. Examples of problematic territories of the North Caucasus are given. To assess climatic changes and major catastrophes, a typology of atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere was developed under the leadership of B.L. Dzerdzeevsky. Typification materials from the period between 1899 and 2018 are posted in the public domain, at www.atmospheric-circulation.ru. The largest catastrophes, in which landslides and mudflows became more active, and the interaction of natural and man-made factors in these disasters are considered.Hazardous geological processes can disrupt the sustainable development of individual regions with their negative impact on the environment. The assessment of their danger is therefore of special current relevance. The article considers the possibility of predicting catastrophes associated with these processes. Long-term forecasts of landslides, mudflows and other processes continue to be important. The methodology of such forecasting was previously developed in sufficient detail. The greatest importance is assigned to operational forecasts that will make it possible to warn of possible danger hours or even days ahead.

scholarly journals On the Late Pliocene stone tools of the Quranwala Zone, north-west sub-Himalayas, India

Antiquity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (357) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidwan Singh Soni ◽  
Anujot Singh Soni
Keyword(s):  
Stone Tools ◽  
Fossil Bone ◽  
Question Mark ◽  
North West ◽  
Cut Marks ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Fossil Bones

A recent study of the Quranwala Zone (QZ) of the north-west sub-Himalayas, India, presents evidence for anthropic activity during the Pliocene that includes a number of stone tools found in association with fossil animal bones with cut marks. Based on the date of the Pliocene rock outcrop, the tools and bones are suggested to date from 2.6 Ma (Gaillard et al. 2016). There is, however, a question mark over the context of these tools within an outcrop of Pliocene rocks and, hence, over the date of these tools and the fossil bones. The trench from which they were excavated at Masol 2 (Gaillard et al.2016: fig. 3) lies in a depression at the bottom of a slope; the description provided in section 2 of the paper by Gaillard et al. (2016) suggests that the stone tools may not have been in situ within the Pliocene levels, but had accumulated there and were mixed with the fragments of fossil bone due to geological processes. Moreover, many of the stone tools, such as the ‘simple choppers’ found in association with the fossil animal bones (Gaillard et al.2016: figs 6, 8, 9), are usually found on much more recent sites and are therefore unlikely to date from 2.6 Ma.

scholarly journals INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR COMPLEX ANALYSIS OF GEOPHYSICAL AND HGD–MONITORING «HGD–COMPLEX»

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.Н. Забирченко
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Regional Network ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Processes

а основании длительного опыта анализа многолетних рядов наблюдений за ГГД-полем, газогидро- химическими и геофизическими полями по региональной сети регистраторов, расположенных от Черного до Каспийского моря в пределах сейсмоопасных районов Северо-Кавказского региона, разработана, вне- дрена в эксплуатацию и постоянно модифицируется Информационная система для комплексного анализа данных мониторинга опасных эндогенных геологических процессов (ИС ГГД-Комплекс ). Based on long experience in the analysis of long-term series of observations of the hydrodynamic and geophysical fields on regional network, located on the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea, within the earthquake-prone areas of the North Caucasus region. Was developed, put into operation and is constantly modified the Information System for comprehensive analysis of the data of monitoring of hazardous endogenous geological processes (IS GGDComplex ).

scholarly journals GENETIC TYPES OF THE EXOGENOUS GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES, CHARACTERISTIC FOR THE MOUNTAIN TERRITORIES OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS AND THE STATE OF THE UNDERGROUND FRESH WATERS QUALITY

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.Н. Невский ◽  
Н.И. Невская ◽  
Х.О. Чотчаев
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Information Support ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Processes

В работе обобщены результаты многолетних наблюдений за экзогенными геологическими процессами в ходе длительного периода геологоразведочных исследований различного назначения на всей территории осетинского сегмента Центрального блока Большого Кавказа. Перечислены основные типы экзогенных геологических процессов (ЭГП), характерные для высокогорных территорий Северного Кавказа. Дано определение системы государственного мониторинга состояния недр (ГМСН), как способа информационного обеспечения органов государственного управления недрами и других органов  государственной власти текущими данными, необходимыми для принятия решений по рациональному и безопасному недропользованию и планированию геологоразведочных работ. Исследована зависимость ЭГП от сейсмической активности. Показаны примеры антропогенного провоцирования ЭГП при игнорировании требований инженерно-геологических изысканий для трассирования инженерных линий и мест выбора строительных площадок под  инженерные сооружения на горных территориях. Показана зависимость ЭГП  от высотной зональности и техногенного вмешательства в естественные ландшафтные условия местности. В работе использованы материалы специализированных наблюдений по Северной Осетии территориальным центром ГМСН Южного федерального округа, по подсистемам «Экзогенные геологические процессы» и «Подземные воды».  Results of many years exogenous geological processes observations in the course of the continuance of geological survey studies of different designation in the entire territory of the large Caucasus central block Ossetic segment are generalized. Basic types of Exogenous Geological Processes (EGP) are enumerated, typical for the alpine territories of the North Caucasus. EGP dependence on the seismic activity is investigated. Definition of State Monitoring of the Depths State (SMDS) system is given as the information support method by current data of the state administration agency of mineral resources and other agencies, necessary for decision making by rational and safe subsoil use and geological survey works planning. The dependence of the EGP on seismic activity is investigated. The examples of anthropogenic provoking of EGP while ignoring the requirements of engineering and geological surveys for tracing service lines and selection areas for building sites of engineering structures in mountain areas are given. Examples of the EGP anthropogenic provocation are shown during ignoring of the geological engineering searches requirements for the tracing of engineering lines and places of the construction sites selection for civil constructions in the mountain territories. EGP dependence on the highaltitude zonality and the technogenic interference in the natural topographical locality conditions is shown. SMDS territorial center materials of the North Osetia specialized observations of Southern Federal region subsystems «Exogenous Geological Processes» and «Underground Waters» are used.

Engineering-Geological Studies Of The Territory, Soils Of Foundation And Foundations Of The Architectural Monument Of The "Melnikov’s House" In Moscow

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Keyword(s):  
Working Condition ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Architectural Monument ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Zone Of Influence ◽  
Complex Engineering ◽  
Building Engineering

On the basis of engineering and design surveys of the building, engineering-geological and geophysical studies of the soils of the territory conducted by the article authors, as well as with due regard for the results of studies conducted on this territory by other authors, the features of the foundations, soils of their foundation and engineering-geological conditions of the territory of the Melnikov House are established. It is shown that the Melnikov house is located under complex engineering-geological conditions on the territory of high geological risk, in the zone of influence of tectonic disturbance. To the North of the area there is a zone of intersection of the observed disturbance with a larger disturbance that can have an impact on geological processes. To the North-East of the site of the Melnikov House, a sharp immersion of the roof of carbon deposits was revealed. It promotes groundwater seepage into limestone of the carbonate strata from overlying water-bearing sands and activation of processes of suffusion removal and sinkhole phenomena of the soil. The surveyed area is assessed as potentially karst-hazardous and adjacent to it from the North-East territory as karst-dangerous. In this regard any construction on the adjacent territory can provoke activation of sinkhole phenomena on the surface. The foundations of the building are basically in working condition. Existing defects can be eliminated during repair. The foundation soils mainly have sufficient bearing capacity. Areas of the base with bulk soil can be reinforced. However, when developing a project for the reconstruction of the building and its territory, it should be taken into account that the design of the Melnikov House does not provide for its operation on the loads at the formation of sinkholes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document