GLYCOCONJUGATES IN PROGNOSTIC ANALYSIS AGAINST INFECTIONS AND PATHOGENS:  THE KEYS TO APPLICATION

The overview focuses on our own data on the use of water-soluble glycoconjugates (www.lectinity.com) based on a linear polyacrylamide chain in relation to recombinant therapeutic human protein hormones and probiotic recognition proteins such as enzymes and lectins. The results obtained characterize the basic principles of multilevel relationships between proteins and glycoconjugates, including the assembly of complexes and nanoparticles on the solid phase. Prospects for the application of these principles and cases of interaction of proteins and glycoconjugates, including taking into account the participation of enzymes, in the study of human proteins and viruses, are noted. The presented data can help in development of the protective network communication systems as well as new combined preparations against infections and pathogens. These data can serve the keys to be applied in medical biotechnology.

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Polymer Binders of Ceramic Nanoparticles for Precision Casting of Nickel-Based Superalloys

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11071714 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1714

Author(s):

Paweł Wiśniewski

Keyword(s):

Solid Phase ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Ethyl Silicate ◽

Average Particle ◽

Precision Casting ◽

Polymer Binders ◽

Initial Stage ◽

Nano Alumina ◽

Solid Phase Content

This study presents the general characteristics of binders used in precision casting of Nickel-based superalloys. Three groups of binders were described: resins, organic compounds, and materials containing nanoparticles in alcohol or aqueous systems. This study also includes literature reports on materials commonly used and those recently replaced by water-soluble binders, i.e., ethyl silicate (ES) and hydrolysed ethyl silicate (HES). The appearance of new and interesting solutions containing nano-alumina is described, as well as other solutions at the initial stage of scientific research, such as those containing biopolymers, biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL), or modified starch. Special attention is paid to four binders containing nano-SiO2 intended for the first layers (Ludox AM, Ludox SK) and structural layers (EHT, Remasol) of shell moulds. Their morphology, viscosity, density, reactions, and electrokinetic potential were investigated. The binders were characterized by a high solid-phase content (>28%), viscosity, and density close to that of water (1–2 mPa·s) and good electrokinetic stability. The nanoparticles contained in the binders were approximately spherically shaped with an average particle size of 16–25 nm.

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A review of solid phase extraction: Basic principles and new developments

Chromatographia ◽

10.1007/bf02269916 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 40 (7-8) ◽

pp. 474-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 169

Author(s):

L. A. Berrueta ◽

B. Gallo ◽

F. Vicente

Keyword(s):

Solid Phase Extraction ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Phase Extraction ◽

Basic Principles ◽

New Developments

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Solution- and Solid-Phase Syntheses of Guanidine-Bridged, Water-Soluble Linkers for Multivalent Ligand Design

Organic Letters ◽

10.1021/ol049835v ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 1377-1380 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Zhongsheng Zhang ◽

Jason C. Pickens ◽

Wim G. J. Hol ◽

Erkang Fan

Keyword(s):

Solid Phase ◽

Ligand Design ◽

Water Soluble

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Commercially available color-catching sheets for magnetic textile solid phase extraction of water-soluble dyes

Measurement ◽

10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108877 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 172 ◽

pp. 108877

Author(s):

Ivo Safarik ◽

Jitka Prochazkova ◽

Eva Baldikova ◽

Kristyna Pospiskova

Keyword(s):

Solid Phase Extraction ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Phase Extraction

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3D Printing of Dapagliflozin Containing Self-Nanoemulsifying Tablets: Formulation Design and In Vitro Characterization

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13070993 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 993

Author(s):

Mohammed S. Algahtani ◽

Abdul Aleem Mohammed ◽

Javed Ahmad ◽

M. M. Abdullah ◽

Ehab Saleh

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Immediate Release ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Solid Matrix ◽

Water Soluble Drug ◽

Poorly Water Soluble ◽

3D Printing Technique ◽

Poorly Water Soluble Drug

The 3D printing techniques have been explored extensively in recent years for pharmaceutical manufacturing and drug delivery applications. The current investigation aims to explore 3D printing for the design and development of a nanomedicine-based oral solid dosage form of a poorly water-soluble drug. A self-nanoemulsifying tablet formulation of dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate was developed utilizing the semisolid pressure-assisted microsyringe (PAM) extrusion-based 3D printing technique. The developed formulation system consists of two major components (liquid and solid phase), which include oils (caproyl 90, octanoic acid) and co-surfactant (PEG 400) as liquid phase while surfactant (poloxamer 188) and solid matrix (PEG 6000) as solid-phase excipients that ultimately self-nanoemulsify as a drug encapsulated nanoemulsion system on contact with aqueous phase/gastrointestinal fluid. The droplet size distribution of the generated nanoemulsion from a self-nanoemulsifying 3D printed tablet was observed to be 104.7 ± 3.36 nm with polydispersity index 0.063 ± 0.024. The FT-IR analysis of the printed tablet revealed that no drug-excipients interactions were observed. The DSC and X-RD analysis of the printed tablet revealed that the loaded drug is molecularly dispersed in the crystal lattice of the tablet solid matrix and remains solubilized in the liquid phase of the printed tablet. SEM image of the drug-loaded self-nanoemulsifying tablets revealed that dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate was completely encapsulated in the solid matrix of the printed tablet, which was further confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. The in vitro dissolution profile of dapagliflozin-loaded self-nanoemulsifying tablet revealed an immediate-release drug profile for all three sizes (8 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm) tablets, exhibiting >75.0% drug release within 20 min. Thus, this study has emphasized the capability of the PAM-based 3D printing technique to print a self-nanoemulsifying tablet dosage form with an immediate-release drug profile for poorly water-soluble drug.

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Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-16-13321-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (20) ◽

pp. 13321-13340 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Xingjun Fan ◽

Siye Wei ◽

Mengbo Zhu ◽

Jianzhong Song ◽

Ping'an Peng

Keyword(s):

Coal Combustion ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Atmospheric Environment ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Biomass Materials

Abstract. Humic-like substances (HULIS) in smoke fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted from the combustion of biomass materials (rice straw, corn straw, and pine branch) and fossil fuels (lignite coal and diesel fuel) were comprehensively studied in this work. The HULIS fractions were first isolated with a one-step solid-phase extraction method, and were then investigated with a series of analytical techniques: elemental analysis, total organic carbon analysis, UV–vis (ultraviolet–visible) spectroscopy, excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results show that HULIS account for 11.2–23.4 and 5.3 % of PM2.5 emitted from biomass burning (BB) and coal combustion, respectively. In addition, contributions of HULIS-C to total carbon and water-soluble carbon in smoke PM2.5 emitted from BB are 8.0–21.7 and 56.9–66.1 %, respectively. The corresponding contributions in smoke PM2.5 from coal combustion are 5.2 and 45.5 %, respectively. These results suggest that BB and coal combustion are both important sources of HULIS in atmospheric aerosols. However, HULIS in diesel soot only accounted for ∼  0.8 % of the soot particles, suggesting that vehicular exhaust may not be a significant primary source of HULIS. Primary HULIS and atmospheric HULIS display many similar chemical characteristics, as indicated by the instrumental analytical characterization, while some distinct features were also apparent. A high spectral absorbance in the UV–vis spectra, a distinct band at λex∕λem ≈  280∕350 nm in EEM spectra, lower H ∕ C and O ∕ C molar ratios, and a high content of [Ar–H] were observed for primary HULIS. These results suggest that primary HULIS contain more aromatic structures, and have a lower content of aliphatic and oxygen-containing groups than atmospheric HULIS. Among the four primary sources of HULIS, HULIS from BB had the highest O ∕ C molar ratios (0.43–0.54) and [H–C–O] content (10–19 %), indicating that HULIS from this source mainly consisted of carbohydrate- and phenolic-like structures. HULIS from coal combustion had a lower O ∕ C molar ratio (0.27) and a higher content of [Ar–H] (31 %), suggesting that aromatic compounds were extremely abundant in HULIS from this source. Moreover, the absorption Ångström exponents of primary HULIS from BB and coal combustion were 6.7–8.2 and 13.6, respectively. The mass absorption efficiencies of primary HULIS from BB and coal combustion at 365 nm (MAE365) were 0.97–2.09 and 0.63 m2 gC−1, respectively. Noticeably higher MAE365 values for primary HULIS from BB than coal combustion indicate that the former has a stronger contribution to the light-absorbing properties of aerosols in the atmospheric environment.

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Guidelines for Teaching Speech-Language Pathologists About the AAC Assessment Process

Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication ◽

10.1044/aac20.3.82 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 82-86

Author(s):

Iris Fishman

Keyword(s):

Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽

Communication Systems ◽

Feature Matching ◽

Assessment Process ◽

High Tech ◽

Alternative Communication ◽

Team Process ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Communication Needs ◽

The Individual

Abstract Although students may not become augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) clinical specialists, they often will work with individuals demonstrating complex communication needs who benefit from AAC. This necessitates knowledge of some basic principles of assessment including AAC assessment as a team process involving planning and implementing interventions for current and future communication needs; the inclusion of no-tech, low-tech, and high-tech communication systems; and assessing communication needs with partners in the individual's social network. The assessment also must include a capability profile and feature matching to select the appropriate components of the AAC system. Because the system we provide for today will become the system we use tomorrow, assessment must be considered an ongoing process throughout the lifespan of the individual.

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Sequential extraction and thermal desorption of mercury from contaminated soil and tailings from Mongolia

Open Chemistry ◽

10.2478/s11532-012-0074-6 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1565-1573 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Pavel Coufalík ◽

Pavel Krásenský ◽

Marek Dosbaba ◽

Josef Komárek

Keyword(s):

Sequential Extraction ◽

Thermal Desorption ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Speciation Analysis ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Mercury Species ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Acidic Conditions ◽

Desorption Method

AbstractMercury forms in contaminated environmental samples were studied by means of sequential extraction and thermal desorption from the solid phase. The sequential extraction procedure involved the following fractions: water soluble mercury, mercury extracted in acidic conditions, mercury bound to humic substances, elemental Hg and mercury bound to complexes, HgS, and residual mercury. In addition to sequential extraction, the distribution of mercury species as a function of soil particles size was studied. The thermal desorption method is based on the thermal decomposition or desorption of Hg compounds at different temperatures. The following four species were observed: Hg0, HgCl2, HgS and Hg(II) bound to humic acids. The Hg release curves from artificial soils and real samples were obtained and their applicability to the speciation analysis was considered.

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