scholarly journals Evaluation of the preventive effectiveness of influenza vaccines in St. Petersburg

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
M. K. Erofeeva ◽  
M. A. Stukova ◽  
E. V. Shakhlanskaya ◽  
Zh. V. Buzitskaya ◽  
V. L. Maksakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Prophylactic Vaccination ◽  
The Russian Federation

Background. The influenza vaccination coverage has steadily increased in the Russian Federation. The introduction of new domestic influenza vaccines into practice and the study of their effectiveness are of great importance for public health. However, a systematic analysis of the effectiveness of vaccines manufactured and used in Russia in recent years has not been performed. The aim ofthe study was to assess the epidemiological effectiveness of three domestic influenza vaccines in St. Petersburg during the 2018–2019 epidemic season.Material and methods. The organized community of 1892 young students aged 18 to 23 years has been under supervision during the period of time from October 2018 to March 2019. Influenza vaccines Grippol Plus, Sovigripp, and Ultrix were used for vaccination.Results and discussion. Prophylactic vaccination with influenza vaccines Sovigripp, Grippol Plus and Ultrix in the fall of 2018 led to a decrease in the incidence of influenza and other acute respiratory infections (ARI) by a total of 1.6–3.8 times; a decrease in the incidence of influenza by 2.7–7.1 times; the total protective efficacy of vaccines against influenza and ARI was 52.4%, and against influenza, taking into account laboratory correction, 73.3%.Conclusions. Under the conditions of the viruses circulating in Russia and in St. Petersburg in the 2018–2019 epidemic season the strains introduced into the composition of influenza vaccines, domestic influenza vaccines were characterized by good tolerance, were safe, areactogenic and had a pronounced protective effect. If the viruses circulating in Russia and in St. Petersburg in the 2018–2019 epidemic season corresponded to the strains introduced into the composition of influenza vaccines, domestic influenza vaccines, showing good tolerance, safety and low reactogenicity, had a pronounced protective effect.

scholarly journals Prospective Behavioral Study of Patients with Acute Respiratory Infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Z. Sh. Nurmatov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Behavioral Study ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Catchment Population

Introduction: Review of official reports for the last 10 years revealed that up to 5% of the country population suffers from acute respiratory infections (ARI) annually. The study aimed to research the actual incidence by analyzing the prevailing behaviors in populations with respiratory symptoms.Methods: The prospective behavioral study was conducted at the outpatient clinic No 1 in Bishkek, with the number of catchment population aged above 18 totaling 25,057. Selection of respondents was based on systematic sampling. Every hundredth resident was selected from the electronic database of the catchment population. 224 people above 18 were actually enrolled in the study. The survey continued from November 2012 to April 2013. Except for the first interview, all follow-up interviews were done over the phone. For the purposes of the study, individuals in the study group were considered cases if they exhibited symptoms of ARI, according to the WHO Regional Office for Europe guidance for sentinel influenza surveillance in humans (2011). The survey results data analysis was performed using the Epi Info statistical software.Results: From November 2012, to April 2013, 61.2% (224) of the observed population became ill. 46.7% were ill with ARI once, 40.1% – 2 – 3 times, 11.7% – 4 – 7 times, as a result 137 people got sick a total of 307 times (136,161 per 100,000 population), only 75 cases sought medical attention (24.6%). The incidence rates in the observed group of patients with ARI (75/305) who sought medical care per 100,000 population comprised 33,482.1. According to the routine surveillance in 2012 – 2013 epidemic season, there were 34,637 cases of ARI (3,826.9 per 100,000 population). In the fall, the incidence totaled 36.8%, in winter – 20.2% and in spring 29.1%. The incidence rates by age group, gender, and presence of children in the family did not have statistically significant differences. The most frequent symptoms were as follows: cough (64.6%), rhinitis (61.0%), headache (58.1%), and sore throat (50.1%).Conclusions: In the 2012 – 2013 epidemic season, the incidence of ARI in the observed population was 35.6 times higher than the registered incidence in Bishkek, which indicates the low rate of seeking care. 

scholarly journals The place of combined mucoactive drugs in the treatment of acute respiratory infections in children

2022 ◽  
pp. 225-233
Author(s):  
L. S. Starostina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Drug Substances ◽  
Combination Drugs ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Official Records

The problem of respiratory diseases and their therapy options still retains much of its urgency. Respiratory diseases in children are still super common. According to the data on infectious morbidity among children in the Russian Federation for the period 2018–2020, current trends have not changed, and the acute respiratory infections (ARI) are still ranked number one in terms of the frequency of registered diseases. According to the official records, the frequency of ARI in children among infectious diseases is 71,850.02 per 100,000 population, or 71%. Such well-known symptom as cough is one of the most frequent manifestations of respiratory diseases. It causes the greatest discomfort for both the little patients and their parents, the quality of life of the children and those around them worsens, many domestic and foreign authors mention this symptom in their works. And it is this problem that doctors of various specialties most often face. The cough is currently treated with drugs with different effects depending on the characteristics and manifestations of the disease. Systematic reviews and multicenter studies show that prescription of mucoactive drugs to treat cough in children with underlying ARI is substantiated and feasible. The authors substantiated the necessity of using combinations of various drugs aimed to reduce inflammation of the airways, improve mucociliary clearance, thin out and promote sputum discharge and, accordingly, reduce cough. The article briefly discusses the mechanisms of the development of cough in ARI, the action of drug substances included in the combination drugs used to treat cough in children, the possibility of using the combination of muco- and bronchoactive drugs of synthetic and plant origin.

scholarly journals ISSUES OF RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS PREVENTION IN OUTPATIENT CHILDREN

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
V A Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Domestic Sources ◽  
Outpatient Children

The article analyzes the literature and the author's own research on prevention and treatment of influenza and ARTI primarily in outpatient children. Systematic analysis of the main domestic sources and trends in the treatment of ARTI in children showed that the gains in treatment and prevention of acute respiratory infections can hope for substantial improvement of clinical and costeffectiveness of an integrated system of prevention of ARTI in children population.

A survey of pre-school children who are often ill and the ways of their improvement

10.12737/3868 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Воронцова ◽  
Zoya Vorontsova ◽  
Кособуцкая ◽  
S. Kosobutskaya
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Bowel Disorders ◽  
Cellular And Humoral Immunity ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The study involved 38 children of sickly, acute respiratory infections with functional bowel disorders, also 35 children occasionally ill (the comparison group) and 20 sickly children (the control group) of the same age, the same epidemic season. All of the children were visited by organized groups. Clinical, immunological and microbiological features of the pre-school children were studied. The efficiency of the use of complex preparations Cycloferon tablets and probiotic drag Biovestin-lacto was evaluated. The disorders of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microflora were found. The state of cellular and humoral immunity revealed pathology of all its units. The study of antibodies in saliva and coprofilia had deviation from the norm. The use of complex preparations had a favorable impact, namely: the number of violations significant degrees in cellular and humoral links of immunity in sickly children with intestinal dysbiosis decreased in 1,5-2 times; protective properties of local immunity of the mucous membranes increased; violated the large intestine microbiocenosis restored. The complex preparations has expressed prophylactic activity, which is manifested by the reduction in the incidence of acute respiratory infections in 2 times, complications 1.5 times, as well as the severity of the disease.

PERAN IBU DALAM PENINGKATAN SISTEM IMUN ANAK DENGAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAFASAN AKUT

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Cindy Ayustin Noya ◽  
Angkit Kinasih ◽  
Venti Agustina ◽  
R.Rr Maria Dyah Kurniasari
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

Infeksi saluran pernafasan akut atau yang sering disebut ISPA merupakan infeksi pada saluran pernafasan baik saluran pernafasan atas atau bawah.ISPA juga kebanyakan terjadi pada anak balita karena daya tahan tubuh mereka tidak kuat dalam menghadapi penyakit ISPA. ISPA mengakibatkan kematiansekitar15%-20% per tahun pada usia balita di Negara berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa peran ibu dalam meningkatkan sistem imun anak dengan ISPA.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan sampel purposive sampling.Populasi dan sampel penelitian ini adalah ibu yang mempunyai anak dengan riwayat dan saat ini menderita penyakit ISPA di Batu Gajah Kota Ambon.Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 5 orang. Hasil dari penelitian mendapati 4 kategori yaitu pemberian nutrisi pada anak untuk memenuhi kebutuhan agar sistem imunnya terjaga, kebersihan lingkungan, peran ibu dalam melakukan pencegahan pada anaknya yang mengalami ISPA, dan  peran ibu dalam menjaga dan mempertahankan kesehatan anaknya.   Kata kunci: peran ibu, sistem imun, ispa THE ROLE OF MOTHERS IN INCREASING IMMUNE SYSTEM OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION    ABSTRACT Acute respiratory infections or often called ARI is an infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract. ARI occurs mostly in children under the age of five because their endurance is not strong in dealing with ARI. ARI results in deaths of around 15%-20% per year at the age of under-five in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the role of mothers in improving the immune system of children against ARI. The research method used in this study was qualitative descriptive with a purposive sampling sample. Respondents and samples of this study were five mothers who had children with a history of ARI and currently suffering from the disease in Batu Gajah, Ambon City. The results of the study found 4 categories, namely providing nutrition to children to meet their needs so that their immune systems are maintained, clean environment, mother's role in preventing children with ARI, and mother's role to preserve and maintain the health of their children. The findings indicated that in terms of coping or improving the immune system of a child to avoid ARI, it is necessary to have role the of mothers in providing nutrition so that the immune system is boosted, besides that the mother can prevent and protect her child from various diseases, especially ARI. Keywords: role of mothers, immune system, acute respiratory infections

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