scholarly journals Analysis of the Results of Monitoring Arbovirus Infections in the Volgograd Region in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
A. O. Negodenko ◽  
E. V. Molchanova ◽  
D. R. Prilepskaya ◽  
P. Sh. Konovalov ◽  
O. A. Pavlyukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Sindbis Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
California Serogroup

Relevance. Natural and climatic conditions, a variety of species composition of arthropods and vertebrates determine the possibility of circulation of arboviruses in the Volgograd region. The existence of natural foci of some arbovirus infections and the possibility of the formation of others suggests the need for annual monitoring of the causative agents of arbovirus diseases. Аim. Evaluation of the results of monitoring of arbovirus infections in the Volgograd region in 2019.Materials and methods: 806 blood serum samples from donors, 44 blood serum samples from febrile sick people, 300 blood serum samples from horses and 94 pools of blood-sucking mosquitoes were examined by immunofernal analysis. Result of the study of serum samples from donors in the Volgograd region, in 140 (17.4%) of 806 were found to have antibodies to the pathogen of West Nile fever (in 35 (4.3%) – IgM, in 105 (13.0%) – IgG), in 7 (2.2%) of 319 – to the Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus (in 4 (1.3%) – IgM, in 3 (0.9%) –IgG), and in 7 (2.9%) of 240 – IgG to the viruses of the California serogroup. Specific antibodies against viruses of Sindbis, Batai and Uukuniemi in the samples was not detected. The largest number of positive samples with the presence of IgG and IgM to the West Nile virus was found among residents of Volgograd (61 out of 240, 25.4%) and Volzhsky (25 out of 100, 25, 0%). Among 44 blood serums of febrile patients, 1 sample (2.3%) was found to contain an antigen of the Sindbis virus, and 2 samples (4.5%) – antigens California serogroup viruses. Specific immunoglobulins against West Nile virus were detected in 84 (28%) of 300 blood serums of farm animals (horses). In the study of 94 samples of field material (blood-sucking mosquitoes), West Nile virus antigen was detected in 14 (14.9%), Sindbis virus – in one sample (1.0%), Batai virus – in four samples (4.2%). Conclusions: the obtained results, along with the circulation of West Nile virus and Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus virus in the Volgograd region, indicate the presence of Sindbis, Batai and California serogroup viruses and necessitate further study of their role in the infectious pathology of the population.

MONITORING STUDIES OF ARBOVIRUS INFECTIONS TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
E.V. Molchanova ◽  
D.N. Luchinin ◽  
A.O. Negodenko ◽  
D.R. Prilepskaya ◽  
N.V. Boroday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
California Serogroup ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

The paper presents data from the monitoring studies’ results of arbovirus infections transmitted by mosquitoes in the Volgograd region. West Nile virus antigen (WNV) in 9 samples, Tahyna virus in one sample, Batai virus in two samples were detected in the study of 110 samples of field material (blood-sucking mosquitoes) by ELISA test. Antibodies to WNV in 16.58 percent of the samples, to tick-borne encephalitis virus in 1.08 percent, to viruses of the California serogroup and Ukuniemi in 1.09 percent, to the virus Sindbis in 2.17 percent were detected as a result of the study of blood serum samples from donors in the Volgograd region. Thus, we obtained data on the probable presence of the Batai, Sindbis, Ukuniemi and Californian serogroup viruses along with the circulation of WNV on the territory of the Volgograd region.

scholarly journals West Nile Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation: Glial Infection and Capsid Protein-Mediated Neurovirulence

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (20) ◽  
pp. 10933-10949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido van Marle ◽  
Joseph Antony ◽  
Heather Ostermann ◽  
Christopher Dunham ◽  
Tracey Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Sindbis Virus ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Gene Induction ◽  
West Nile

ABSTRACT West Nile virus (WNV) infection causes neurological disease at all levels of the neural axis, accompanied by neuroinflammation and neuronal loss, although the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Given the substantial activation of neuroinflammatory pathways observed in WNV infection, we hypothesized that WNV-mediated neuroinflammation and cell death occurred through WNV infection of both glia and neurons, which was driven in part by WNV capsid protein expression. Analysis of autopsied neural tissues from humans with WNV encephalomyelitis (WNVE) revealed WNV infection of both neurons and glia. Upregulation of proinflammatory genes, CXCL10, interleukin-1β, and indolamine-2′,3′-deoxygenase with concurrent suppression of the protective astrocyte-specific endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor gene, OASIS (for old astrocyte specifically induced substance), was evident in WNVE patients compared to non-WNVE controls. These findings were supported by increased ex vivo expression of these proinflammatory genes in glia infected by WNV-NY99. WNV infection caused endoplasmic reticulum stress gene induction and apoptosis in neurons but did not affect glial viability. WNV-infected astrocytic cells secreted cytotoxic factors, which caused neuronal apoptosis. The expression of the WNV-NY99 capsid protein in neurons and glia by a Sindbis virus-derived vector (SINrep5-WNVc) caused neuronal death and the release of neurotoxic factors by infected astrocytes, coupled with proinflammatory gene induction and suppression of OASIS. Striatal implantation of SINrep5-WNVC induced neuroinflammation in rats, together with the induction of CXCL10 and diminished OASIS expression, compared to controls. Moreover, magnetic resonance neuroimaging showed edema and tissue injury in the vicinity of the SINrep5-WNVc implantation site compared to controls, which was complemented by neurobehavioral abnormalities in the SINrep5-WNVc-implanted animals. These studies underscore the important interactions between the WNV capsid protein and neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of WNV-induced neurological disorders.

scholarly journals Fatal Hemorrhagic Fever Caused by West Nile Virus in the United States

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1527-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Paddock ◽  
W. L. Nicholson ◽  
J. Bhatnagar ◽  
C. S. Goldsmith ◽  
P. W. Greer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals RESULTS OF VIROLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE CLINICAL MATERIALS COLLECTED FROM PATIENTS WITH ACUTE FEBRILE INFECTIONS UNKNOWN ORIGIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 286-293
Author(s):  
A. A. Kozlova ◽  
A. M. Butenko ◽  
V. F. Larichev ◽  
V. V. Vashkova ◽  
M. A. Saifullin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
Genotype 1A ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
West Nile Virus Strain

In 2012-2018, 243 samples of blood, serum, urine and saliva of patients with acute febrile diseases hospitalized in medical institutions of Astrakhan, Astrakhan Region and Infectious Diseases Hospital №1 of Moscow were examined in experiments on intracerebral inoculation of newborn white mice. As a result, 8 strains of dengue 1 virus were isolated from patients infected in Thailand (7 strains) and Vietnam (1 strain); eight strains of dengue 2 virus from patients infected in Thailand (5 strains), Indonesia (2 strains) and the Maldives (1 strain); one strain of dengue 3 and one strain of Chikungunya virus (Asian genotype) from patients hospitalized after returning to Moscow from trips to the Philippines; 2 strains of Zika virus (Asian genotype) from patients visiting the Dominican Republic; 6 strains of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus genotype Europe 1 and one West Nile virus strain of genotype 1a from patients of the Astrakhan region.

FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TEST FOR RAPID DETECTION OF WEST NILE VIRUS ANTIGEN IN AVIAN TISSUES

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e10-e10
Author(s):  
T. M. A. Foral ◽  
R. A. French ◽  
H. J. Van Kruiningen ◽  
A. E. Garmendia
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Two Western Mediterranean West Nile Virus Lineage 1 Isolates in Experimentally Infected Red-Legged Partridges (Alectoris rufa)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Virginia Gamino ◽  
Elisa Pérez-Ramírez ◽  
Ana Valeria Gutiérrez-Guzmán ◽  
Elena Sotelo ◽  
Francisco Llorente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Alectoris Rufa ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuronal Necrosis ◽  
Molecular Determinants ◽  
Bird Mortality

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most widespread flavivirus in the world with a wide vertebrate host range. Its geographic expansion and activity continue to increase with important human and equine outbreaks and local bird mortality. In a previous experiment, we demonstrated the susceptibility of 7-week-old red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) to Mediterranean WNV isolates Morocco/2003 and Spain/2007, which varied in virulence for this gallinaceous species. Here we study the pathogenesis of the infection with these two strains to explain the different course of infection and mortality. Day six post-inoculation was critical in the course of infection, with the highest viral load in tissues, the most widespread virus antigen, and more severe lesions. The most affected organs were the heart, liver, and spleen. Comparing infections with Morocco/2003 and Spain/2007, differences were observed in the viral load, virus antigen distribution, and lesion nature and severity. A more acute and marked inflammatory reaction (characterized by participation of microglia and CD3+ T cells) as well as neuronal necrosis in the brain were observed in partridges infected with Morocco/2003 as compared to those infected with Spain/2007. This suggests a higher neurovirulence of Morocco/2003, probably related to one or more specific molecular determinants of virulence different from Spain/2007.

scholarly journals Detection of West Nile Virus Antigen in Mosquitoes and Avian Tissues by a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Capture Enzyme Immunoassay

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 2023-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Hunt ◽  
R. A. Hall ◽  
A. J. Kerst ◽  
R. S. Nasci ◽  
H. M. Savage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals Recovery and Identification of West Nile Virus from a Hawk in Winter

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 3110-3111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio E. Garmendia ◽  
Herbert J. Van Kruiningen ◽  
Richard A. French ◽  
John F. Anderson ◽  
Theodore G. Andreadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
The Brain

West Nile virus was recovered from the brain of a red-tailed hawk that died in Westchester County, N.Y., in February 2000. Multiple foci of glial cells, lymphocytes, and a few pyknotic nuclei were observed in the brain. Three to 4 days after inoculation of Vero cells with brain homogenates, cytopathic changes were detected. The presence of West Nile virus antigen in fixed cells or cell lysates was revealed by fluorescent antibody testing or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Furthermore, Reverse transcriptase-PCR with primers specific for the NS3 gene of West Nile virus resulted in an amplicon of the expected size (470 bp). Electron microscopy of thin sections of infected Vero cells revealed the presence of viral particles approximately 40 nm in diameter, within cytoplasmic vesicles. The demonstration of infection with the West Nile virus in the dead of the winter, long after mosquitoes ceased to be active, is significant in that it testifies to the survival of the virus in the region beyond mosquito season and suggests another route of transmission: in this case, prey to predator.

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