MONITORING STUDIES OF ARBOVIRUS INFECTIONS TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
E.V. Molchanova ◽  
D.N. Luchinin ◽  
A.O. Negodenko ◽  
D.R. Prilepskaya ◽  
N.V. Boroday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
California Serogroup ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

The paper presents data from the monitoring studies’ results of arbovirus infections transmitted by mosquitoes in the Volgograd region. West Nile virus antigen (WNV) in 9 samples, Tahyna virus in one sample, Batai virus in two samples were detected in the study of 110 samples of field material (blood-sucking mosquitoes) by ELISA test. Antibodies to WNV in 16.58 percent of the samples, to tick-borne encephalitis virus in 1.08 percent, to viruses of the California serogroup and Ukuniemi in 1.09 percent, to the virus Sindbis in 2.17 percent were detected as a result of the study of blood serum samples from donors in the Volgograd region. Thus, we obtained data on the probable presence of the Batai, Sindbis, Ukuniemi and Californian serogroup viruses along with the circulation of WNV on the territory of the Volgograd region.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Results of Monitoring Arbovirus Infections in the Volgograd Region in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
A. O. Negodenko ◽  
E. V. Molchanova ◽  
D. R. Prilepskaya ◽  
P. Sh. Konovalov ◽  
O. A. Pavlyukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Sindbis Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
California Serogroup

Relevance. Natural and climatic conditions, a variety of species composition of arthropods and vertebrates determine the possibility of circulation of arboviruses in the Volgograd region. The existence of natural foci of some arbovirus infections and the possibility of the formation of others suggests the need for annual monitoring of the causative agents of arbovirus diseases. Аim. Evaluation of the results of monitoring of arbovirus infections in the Volgograd region in 2019.Materials and methods: 806 blood serum samples from donors, 44 blood serum samples from febrile sick people, 300 blood serum samples from horses and 94 pools of blood-sucking mosquitoes were examined by immunofernal analysis. Result of the study of serum samples from donors in the Volgograd region, in 140 (17.4%) of 806 were found to have antibodies to the pathogen of West Nile fever (in 35 (4.3%) – IgM, in 105 (13.0%) – IgG), in 7 (2.2%) of 319 – to the Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus (in 4 (1.3%) – IgM, in 3 (0.9%) –IgG), and in 7 (2.9%) of 240 – IgG to the viruses of the California serogroup. Specific antibodies against viruses of Sindbis, Batai and Uukuniemi in the samples was not detected. The largest number of positive samples with the presence of IgG and IgM to the West Nile virus was found among residents of Volgograd (61 out of 240, 25.4%) and Volzhsky (25 out of 100, 25, 0%). Among 44 blood serums of febrile patients, 1 sample (2.3%) was found to contain an antigen of the Sindbis virus, and 2 samples (4.5%) – antigens California serogroup viruses. Specific immunoglobulins against West Nile virus were detected in 84 (28%) of 300 blood serums of farm animals (horses). In the study of 94 samples of field material (blood-sucking mosquitoes), West Nile virus antigen was detected in 14 (14.9%), Sindbis virus – in one sample (1.0%), Batai virus – in four samples (4.2%). Conclusions: the obtained results, along with the circulation of West Nile virus and Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus virus in the Volgograd region, indicate the presence of Sindbis, Batai and California serogroup viruses and necessitate further study of their role in the infectious pathology of the population.

scholarly journals A screening for serum markers of arbovirus infections in healthy blood donors from the Volgograd Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 743-749
Author(s):  
A. О. Negodenkoa ◽  
D. N. Luchinin ◽  
P. Sh. Konovalov ◽  
O. A. Pavlyukova ◽  
E. A. Skrynnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
California Serogroup

Volgograd region is considered to be endemic West Nile fever (WNF) area due to the established circulation of the West Nile virus (WNV) therein. Some previous independent studies examining samples collected on the territory of the Volgograd region revealed markers related to the California serogroup (CSG), Sindbis and Ukuniemi viruses. WNF, CSG, Sindbis and Ukuniemi fever mainly being asymptomatic posing thereby a threat of virus spread due to transfusiological manipulations along with vector-borne transmission are manifested by diverse clinical signs. The study was aimed at detection of antibodies specific to West Nile, tick-borne encephalitis, California serogroup (Tyaginya, Inko), Sidbis, and Ukuniemi viruses in blood donors from the Volgograd region. For this, 404 blood sera samples collected from blood donors residing in the Volgograd as well as the Volgograd region were examined by ELISA. It was found that percentage of blood serum samples positive for arbovirus-specific antibodies was 18.32%. Among the, 67 out of 404 (16.58%) samples contained anti-WNV antibodies, 3 out of 279 (1.08%) samples — to tick-borne encephalitis virus, 1 out of 92 (1.09%) — to California serogroup fever and Ukuniemi viruses, and 2 out of 92 (2.17%) — to Sindbis fever virus. Importantly, the peak number of IgG and IgM WNV-positive samples was found among residents of Volgograd (29 out of 110, 26%) and Oktyabrsky district (7 out of 25, 28%). In addition, anti-Sindbis, Ukuniemi and CSG virus antibodies were detected in blood serum samples from blood donors residing in the Kalachevsky region and the city of Volgograd. Analyzing age-related distribution and percentage of seropositive subjects in each age group showed as follows: the lowest percentage (14.5%) was positive for anti-WNV, Sindbis, Ukuniemi and CSG virus antibodies in blood donors aged 32–41 years, whereas the peak percentage (25%) — in the subjects aged 52–61 years. Thus, virus specific antibodies detected in healthy individuals in the aforementioned region evidence about potential recovery after asymptomatic infections. In this regard, further research is required to determine a role of the such arboviruses in the structure of regional infectious diseases. The data obtained suggest a need to continue serological arbovirus monitoring in the Volgograd region.

TBE in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated for the first time in Sweden in 1958 (from ticks and from 1 tick-borne encephalitis [TBE] patient).1 In 2003, Haglund and colleagues reported the isolation and antigenic and genetic characterization of 14 TBEV strains from Swedish patients (samples collected 1991–1994).2 The first serum sample, from which TBEV was isolated, was obtained 2–10 days after onset of disease and found to be negative for anti-TBEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas TBEV-specific IgM (and TBEV-specific immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid [IgG/CSF] activity) was demonstrated in later serum samples taken during the second phase of the disease.

scholarly journals Variations in the detection of anti-PEDV antibodies in serum samples using three diagnostic tests – short communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Plut ◽  
Ivan Toplak ◽  
Marina Štukelj
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blocking Elisa ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Antibody Tests ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Over the last few years several porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) outbreaks have been discovered in Europe including the first PED case in Slovenia in January 2015. The aim of this study was to determine when PED virus (PEDV) infection started in Slovenia. Serum samples collected between 2012 and 2016 were tested. Three hundred and seventy-five serum samples were collected from 132 Slovenian small, one-site pig farms. Samples were tested for PEDV antibodies utilising three different serological methods: commercially-available indirect ELISA, in-house blocking ELISA test and Immunoperoxidase Monolayer Assay (IPMA) test. One hundred and seventy (45.33%) tested samples were found positive by the commercially-available ELISA test kit, and 10 (5.68%) of these 170 samples found positive were positive by the in-house blocking ELISA. Only these 10 samples were collected from a farm where clinical signs of PED infection had been observed and PEDV was confirmed by RT-PCR methodology; the other 160 samples were collected randomly. Thirty-two samples with the highest S/P value obtained with the commercial ELISA were all negative with IPMA. Reasons for the high variance in the results obtained remain unclear; more research is required to ensure higher sensitivity and specificity in terms of PEDV antibody tests and other PED diagnostic methods.

High prevalence of West Nile virus in equines from the two provinces of Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (9) ◽  
pp. 1931-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ZOHAIB ◽  
M. SAQIB ◽  
C. BECK ◽  
M. H. HUSSAIN ◽  
S. LOWENSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

SUMMARYThis study describes the first large-scale serosurvey on West Nile virus (WNV) conducted in the equine population in Pakistan. Sera were collected from 449 equids from two provinces of Pakistan during 2012–2013. Equine serum samples were screened using a commercial ELISA kit detecting antibodies against WNV and related flaviviruses. ELISA-positive samples were further investigated using virus-specific microneutralization tests (MNTs) to identify infections with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), WNV and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Anti-WNV antibodies were detected in 292 samples by ELISA (seroprevalence 65·0%) and WNV infections were confirmed in 249 animals by MNT. However, there was no animal found infected by JEV or TBEV. The detection of WNV-seropositive equines in Pakistan strongly suggests a widespread circulation of WNV in Pakistan.

scholarly journals West Nile Virus and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Are Endemic in Equids in Eastern Austria

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1873
Author(s):  
Phebe de Heus ◽  
Jolanta Kolodziejek ◽  
Zdenĕk Hubálek ◽  
Katharina Dimmel ◽  
Victoria Racher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Eastern Austria ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

The emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) in addition to the autochthonous tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Europe causes rising concern for public and animal health. The first equine case of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in Austria was diagnosed in 2016. As a consequence, a cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted in 2017, including 348 equids from eastern Austria. Serum samples reactive by ELISA for either flavivirus immunoglobulin G or M were further analyzed with the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT-80) to identify the specific etiologic agent. Neutralizing antibody prevalences excluding vaccinated equids were found to be 5.3% for WNV, 15.5% for TBEV, 0% for USUV, and 1.2% for WNV from autochthonous origin. Additionally, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect WNV nucleic acid in horse sera and was found to be negative in all cases. Risk factor analysis did not identify any factors significantly associated with seropositivity.

scholarly journals First detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus ticks and their rodent hosts in Moscow, Russia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marat Makenov ◽  
Lyudmila Karan ◽  
Natalia Shashina ◽  
Marina Akhmetshina ◽  
Olga Zhurenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

AbstractHere, we report the first confirmed autochthonous tick-borne encephalitis case diagnosed in Moscow in 2016 and describe the detection of Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in ticks and small mammals in a Moscow park.The paper includes data from two patients who were bitten by TBEV-infected ticks within the Moscow city limits; one of these cases led to the development of the meningeal form of TBE. Both TBEV-infected ticks attacked patients in the same area. We collected ticks and trapped small mammals in this area in 2017. All samples were screened for the presence of pathogens causing tick-borne diseases by PCR. The TBEV-positive ticks and small mammals’ tissue samples were subjected to virus isolation. The sequencing of the complete polyprotein gene of the positive samples was performed.A total of 227 questing ticks were collected. TBEV was detected in five specimens of Ixodes ricinus. We trapped 44 small mammals, mainly bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and pygmy field mice (Apodemus uralensis). Two samples of brain tissue from bank voles yielded a positive signal in RT-PCR for TBEV. We obtained six virus isolates from the ticks and brain tissue of a bank vole. Complete genome sequencing showed that the obtained isolates belong to the European subtype and have low diversity with sequence identities as high as 99.9%. GPS tracking showed that the maximum distance between the exact locations where the TBEV-positive ticks were collected was 185 m. We assume that the forest park was free of TBEV and that the virus was recently introduced.

scholarly journals First identification of tick-borne encephalitis in Denmark outside of Bornholm, August 2009

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Fomsgaard ◽  
C B Christiansen ◽  
R Bødker
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
First Report ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Clinical Cases

The incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Scandinavia is increasing and spreading geographically. Following two clinical cases of TBE hospitalised after tick bites in northern Zealand, Denmark, specific IgM and IgG antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) were demonstrated in acute serum samples of these patients. TBEV was identified by RT-PCR in ticks collected from the same location. This is the first report of TBEV in Ixodes ricinus leading to clinical cases in Denmark outside of Bornholm island.

scholarly journals Disappearance of TBEV Circulation among Rodents in a Natural Focus in Alsace, Eastern France

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Laure Bournez ◽  
Gerald Umhang ◽  
Marie Moinet ◽  
Jean-Marc Boucher ◽  
Jean-Michel Demerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Western Border ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) depends mainly on a fragile mode of transmission, the co-feeding between infected nymphs and larvae on rodents, and thus persists under a limited set of biotic and abiotic conditions. If these conditions change, natural TBEV foci might be unstable over time. We conducted a longitudinal study over seven years in a mountain forest in Alsace, Eastern France, located at the western border of known TBEV distribution. The objectives were (i) to monitor the persistence of TBEV circulation between small mammals and ticks and (ii) to discuss the presence of TBEV circulation in relation to the synchronous activity of larvae and nymphs, to the densities of questing nymphs and small mammals, and to potential changes in meteorological conditions and deer densities. Small mammals were trapped five times per year from 2012 to 2018 to collect blood samples and record the presence of feeding ticks, and were then released. Questing nymphs were collected twice a year. Overall, 1344 different small mammals (Myodes glareolus and Apodemus flavicollis) were captured and 2031 serum samples were tested for the presence of antibodies against TBEV using an in-house ELISA. Seropositive rodents (2.1%) were only found from 2012 to 2015, suggesting that the virus disappeared afterwards. In parallel, we observed unusual variations in inter-annual nymph abundance and intra-annual larval activity that could be related to exceptional meteorological conditions. Changes in the densities of questing nymphs and deer associated with the natural stochastic variations in the frequency of contacts between rodents and infected ticks may have contributed to the endemic fadeout of TBEV on the study site. Further studies are needed to assess whether such events occur relatively frequently in the area, which could explain the low human incidence of TBE in Alsace and even in other areas of France.

TBE in Sweden

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åke Lundkvist
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated for the first time in Sweden in 1958 (from ticks and from 1 tick-borne encephalitis [TBE] patient).1 In 2003, Haglund and colleagues reported the isolation and antigenic and genetic characterization of 14 TBEV strains from Swedish patients (samples collected 1991–1994).2 The first serum sample, from which TBEV was isolated, was obtained 2–10 days after onset of disease and found to be negative for anti-TBEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas TBEV-specific IgM (and TBEV-specific immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid [IgG/CSF] activity) was demonstrated in later serum samples taken during the second phase of the disease.

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